There exist risks of ionizing radiation in radiodiagnosis examinations. Implementing shielding protection following the optimization and as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles represents a measure to reduce radiation doses to patients. The implementation of shielding protection in clinical practices should meet high requirements due to variations in the modalities and items in radiodiagnosis examinations, the characteristics and irradiation method of X-ray beams, the method of automatic selection of image quality and radiation dose-related parameters by imaging equipment, the radiation sensitivity of human tissues and organs. This review introduced the shielding products, methods and effects in various radiodiagnosis examinations, as well as the current status and challenges in their applications, aiming to provide a reference for future related research and clinical practices.

Objective:To explore age-related variations in the angle of the cochlear basal turn using temporal bone CT, providing a reference for selecting the optimal Stenvers position radiographic projection angle in children and adults.Methods:The retrospective study included children and adults who underwent temporal bone CT scans at Beijing Tongren Hospital from November 2014 to April 2023. A total of 620 participants were included, including 368 males and 252 females. Patients were divided into 20 age-ralated groups: infants under one year old (3 to 11 months) were divided into monthly subgroups (9 groups); children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years were grouped biennially (9 groups); adults were divided into two groups: 19 to 29 years and 30 to 40 years. Using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) techniques, the CT images of the temporal bone were reformatted into oblique transverse sections to maximize the visibility of the cochlear basal turn.The cochlear basal turn angle was defined as the angle between the vertical axis of the cochlear basal turn and the mid-sagittal plane of the skull. Statistical analysis was performed to compare age-related differences in cochlear basal turn angles. Two additional patients were included to compare Stenvers position X-ray images with corresponding temporal bone CT scans, assessing the visibility of cochlear implant electrodes post-implantation.Results:Among infants aged 3 to 11 months, the cochlear basal turn angle was 29.4°±4.5°, with no significant differences observed between subgroups ( P>0.05). However, significant differences were found between infants (<1 year old) and the 1-2-year-old group compared to each age group from 3 to 40 years ( P<0.05). Additionally, the angles differed significantly between the 3-14-year-old groups and the 19-40-year-old groups ( P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found among the remaining groups ( P>0.05). The visibility of the cochlear implant electrodes, appearing round in shape on standard Stenvers position X-ray images, closely resembled that observed in temporal bone CT scans. Conclusion:Age-related variations in the cochlear basal turn angle provide a valuable reference for optimizing Stenvers position radiography angles after cochlear implantation, improving the accuracy and quality of post-implantation imaging.

Objective:To explore age-related variations in the angle of the cochlear basal turn using temporal bone CT, providing a reference for selecting the optimal Stenvers position radiographic projection angle in children and adults.Methods:The retrospective study included children and adults who underwent temporal bone CT scans at Beijing Tongren Hospital from November 2014 to April 2023. A total of 620 participants were included, including 368 males and 252 females. Patients were divided into 20 age-ralated groups: infants under one year old (3 to 11 months) were divided into monthly subgroups (9 groups); children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years were grouped biennially (9 groups); adults were divided into two groups: 19 to 29 years and 30 to 40 years. Using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) techniques, the CT images of the temporal bone were reformatted into oblique transverse sections to maximize the visibility of the cochlear basal turn.The cochlear basal turn angle was defined as the angle between the vertical axis of the cochlear basal turn and the mid-sagittal plane of the skull. Statistical analysis was performed to compare age-related differences in cochlear basal turn angles. Two additional patients were included to compare Stenvers position X-ray images with corresponding temporal bone CT scans, assessing the visibility of cochlear implant electrodes post-implantation.Results:Among infants aged 3 to 11 months, the cochlear basal turn angle was 29.4°±4.5°, with no significant differences observed between subgroups ( P>0.05). However, significant differences were found between infants (<1 year old) and the 1-2-year-old group compared to each age group from 3 to 40 years ( P<0.05). Additionally, the angles differed significantly between the 3-14-year-old groups and the 19-40-year-old groups ( P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found among the remaining groups ( P>0.05). The visibility of the cochlear implant electrodes, appearing round in shape on standard Stenvers position X-ray images, closely resembled that observed in temporal bone CT scans. Conclusion:Age-related variations in the cochlear basal turn angle provide a valuable reference for optimizing Stenvers position radiography angles after cochlear implantation, improving the accuracy and quality of post-implantation imaging.

There exist risks of ionizing radiation in radiodiagnosis examinations. Implementing shielding protection following the optimization and as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles represents a measure to reduce radiation doses to patients. The implementation of shielding protection in clinical practices should meet high requirements due to variations in the modalities and items in radiodiagnosis examinations, the characteristics and irradiation method of X-ray beams, the method of automatic selection of image quality and radiation dose-related parameters by imaging equipment, the radiation sensitivity of human tissues and organs. This review introduced the shielding products, methods and effects in various radiodiagnosis examinations, as well as the current status and challenges in their applications, aiming to provide a reference for future related research and clinical practices.

The gradient field, one of the core magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, is generated by gradient coils and plays a critical role in spatial encoding and the generation of echo signals. The uniformity or linearity of the gradient field directly impacts the quality and distortion level of MRI images. However, traditional point measurement methods lack accuracy in assessing the linearity of gradient fields, making it difficult to provide effective parameters for image distortion correction. This paper introduced a spherical measurement-based method that involved measuring the magnetic field distribution on a sphere, followed by detailed magnetic field calculations and linearity analysis. This study, applied to assess the nonlinearity of asymmetric head gradient coils, demonstrated more comprehensive and precise results compared to point measurement methods. This advancement not only strengthens the scientific basis for the design of gradient coils but also provides more reliable parameters and methods for the accurate correction of MRI image distortions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Magnetic Fields ; Algorithms ; Phantoms, Imaging

Objective With the complex evolution of the social system,patients experience varying degrees of delay in obtaining medical and health services under the combined drive of internal and external environment.In order to alleviate the dilemma of seeking medical treatment in crisis situations,it analyzes the causes of the public's use behavior of Internet medical and health services after delayed medical treatment and the ways to improve it.Methods It employs the method of QCA analysis to explore the crisis management strategies adopted by 183 public.Based on Anderson medical treatment model as the theoretical guidance,conditional variables were constructed.Through deductive logic,it analyzes the complex linkage effect of seven variables,including accessibility level,traumatic life events,panic mood and satisfaction with Internet medical use,on the use of Internet medical services.Results it found that panic has a decisive role in promoting the public's use of Internet medical services.Five behavioural models of Internet medical use are proposed to reveal the potential driving mechanism of the public's adoption of Internet medical strategies.Conclusion By analyzing the synergistic effects between variables,it proposes comprehensive strategies,providing a new perspective for public health emergency management,and offering empirical evidence for policymakers to optimize smart medical services.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise and Baduanjin alone on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the effects of Baduanjin alone or combined with resistance exercise in elderly patients with T2DM.The search date was from the establishment of the database to Sep 21,2023.Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.0 softwares were used to conduct meta-analysis.Results were expressed as Random effect model standardized mean difference(SMD)and 95%confidence interval(CI).Results:A total of 14 RCTs involving 1 224 elderly patients with T2DM were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that Baduanjin alone or combined with resistance exercise in the treatment of elderly T2DM patients were better than the conventional treatment group in FPG,HbAlc,TC,TG,2hPG,HDL and LDL,and Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise were better than the Baduanjin alone group in FPG,HbAlc,TC,TG and LDL.Conclusion:Baduanjin alone or combined with resistance exercise has a significant therapeutic effect on elderly patients with T2DM,and the therapeutic effect of Baduanjin combined with resistance exercise is better.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of 25G+and 27G+pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treat-ment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane(iERM).Methods A total of 50 iERM patients(50 eyes)who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from December 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.These patients were divided into the control group and observation group based on different surgical methods,with 25 patients(25 eyes)in each group.Patients in the control group received 25G+PPV treatment,while patients in the observation group received 27G+PPV treatment.The surgical duration and postoperative 1-day incision subconjunctival hemorrhage and e-dema of patients in two groups were compared;central macular thickness(CMT)was measured by optical coherence tomo-graphy before surgery,1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively in the two groups.Visual acuity of patients in both groups was assessed according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)visual acuity chart.Intraocular pressure was measured by using a non-contact Callon tonometer.Complications,such as intraoperative macular injury,retinal hole,postoperative choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and intraocular infection,were observed in both groups.Results The surgical duration of patients in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(t=2.314,P＜0.05).The extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema of patients in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group(t=13.706,P＜0.01).The ETDRS visual acuity of patients at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery in both groups was significantly higher than that before surgery(P＜0.05).There was no signifi-cant difference in ETDRS visual acuity of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively(P＞0.05).At 1 day after surgery,the intraocular pressure of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).At 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure of patients between the two groups(P＞0.05).Two patients in the control group experienced transient ocular hypotension 1 day after surgery,while no such complication was observed in the observation group.Patients in both groups presented with varying degrees of retinal nerve epithelial layer traction,retinal edema,thickening,and vascular distortion before surgery.At 1 day after surgery,epiretinal membrane traction was relieved in both groups,and there was a significant improvement in the anatomical structure of the macular area compared to preoperative conditions.At 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,the CMT of patients in both groups was reduced compared to preoperative values(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in CMT of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery(P＞0.05).In the control group,18 eyes(72.0％)were sutured at the scleral puncture sites due to leakage,while no suturing was performed in the observation group.Patients in both groups completed the surgery successfully,without any intraoperative complications such as macular injury or retinal hole.During the 3-month follow-up,no postoperative complications such as choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,or intraocular infection were observed in both groups.Conclusion Both 27G+PPV and 25G+PPV have good clinical effects and high surgical safety in the treatment of iERM.Compared with 25G+PPV,27G+PPV can shorten the surgical duration,better maintain postoperative intraocular pressure stability,and reduce the range of subconjunctival bleeding and edema.

【Objective】 To summarize the clinicopathological features and prognosis of young patients (18-40 years old) with non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) treated in a single center to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar patients. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 113 nccRCC patients treated during Jan. 2012 and Aug. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 57 males (50.4%) and 56 females (49.6%). The average age of onset was (31.6±5.8) years. Among all patients, 57 had lesions (50.4%) on the left side, and 56 (49.6%) on the right side. Young patients undergoing renal cancer surgery accounted for approximately 12.4% of the total number of renal cancer patients undergoing surgery, and nccRCC accounted for 34.8% of the total number of cases. 【Results】 Minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic or robot-assisted) was performed in 102 cases (90.3%), and open surgery in 11 cases (9.7%). Fifty-five cases (48.7%) underwent partial nephrectomy and 58 (51.3%) radical nephrectomy. Among them, 11 patients (9.7%) developed tumor thrombi. All surgeries were successful with no serious complications. The pathological types included 32 cases (28.3%) of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, 25 cases (22.1%) of MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma, and 20 cases (17.7%) of papillary renal cell carcinoma. The total proportion of the three pathological subtypes reached 68.1%. After 46 (2-115) months of follow-up, 8 cases (7.8%, 8/102) developed tumor metastasis and 2 died. 【Conclusion】 The nccRCC is rare in young patients. The major pathological type is chromophobe, and the major treatment method is minimally invasive surgery. Most pathological types have good long-term prognosis, while patients with tumor thrombi have a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the use of mobile fitness application (APP) and healthy lifestyles of college students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health quality of college students and promoting the national scientific fitness. Methods: From August to October 2023, 591 college students from three universities in Jinan and Weifang Cities, Shandong Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method, and the online questionnaire was conducted on the mobile fitness APP use behavior and healthy lifestyle. The ttest and analysis of variance were used to assess the differences in healthy lifestyle of college students, and stratified linear regression was used to analyze the effect of mobile fitness APP use on healthy lifestyle. Results: The utilization rate of mobile fitness APP among college students was 82.57% (n=488), and the average score of healthy lifestyles was (3.49±0.66). The differences in students healthy lifestyle scores between different residences, grades, majors, monthly living expenses, annual personal visits, and family medical expenses were statistically significant (t/F=23.82, 4.87, 6.07, 10.17, 3.79, 16.92, P<0.05). The results of stratified regression analysis showed that the overall evaluation of mobile fitness APP, and the recommendation intention of mobile fitness phone APP were the main related factors of healthy lifestyles among college students (β=0.47, 0.06, P<0.05). Conclusions College students have a high degree of use of the mobile fitness APP, and the mobile fitness APP is positively associated with a healthy lifestyle.It should increase the publicity and promotion of mobile fitness APP to promote college students to develop a healthy lifestyle.