Tensile stimulation plays a crucial role in regulating tissue structure and function.Due to the limitations of in vivo studies,engineered tension tissues(ETTs)based on biomaterials and tissue engineering technologies have gradually become a research hotspot.Specifically,microscale-engineered tension tissues(μETTs)based on flexible microstructures overcome many limitations of traditional ETTs,due to their controllable mechanical constraints and precise mechanical characterization and stimulation capabilities.This has led to their widespread applications in disease research,drug screening,and toxicologic studies.This review summarizes the materials and fabrication method of flexible microstructures,analyzes their biomechanical roles in μETTs,provides an overview of research progress in myocardial,lung,and skeletal muscle μETTs,discusses mechanical modeling and analysis methods during the remodeling of μETTs,and looks ahead to the future development of this field.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, chatbots have shown great potential in the healthcare sector. From personalized health advice to chronic disease management and psychological support, chatbots have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. As the scope of their applications expands, the relationship between technological complexity and practical application scenarios has become increasingly intertwined, necessitating a more comprehensive evaluation of both aspects. This paper, from the perspective of he althcare applications, systematically reviews the technological pathways and development of chatbots in the medical field, providing an in-depth analysis of their performance across various medical scenarios. It thoroughly examines the advantages and limitations of chatbots, aiming to offer theoretical support for future research and propose feasible recommendations for the broader adoption of chatbot technologies in healthcare.

Tensile stimulation plays a crucial role in regulating tissue structure and function.Due to the limitations of in vivo studies,engineered tension tissues(ETTs)based on biomaterials and tissue engineering technologies have gradually become a research hotspot.Specifically,microscale-engineered tension tissues(μETTs)based on flexible microstructures overcome many limitations of traditional ETTs,due to their controllable mechanical constraints and precise mechanical characterization and stimulation capabilities.This has led to their widespread applications in disease research,drug screening,and toxicologic studies.This review summarizes the materials and fabrication method of flexible microstructures,analyzes their biomechanical roles in μETTs,provides an overview of research progress in myocardial,lung,and skeletal muscle μETTs,discusses mechanical modeling and analysis methods during the remodeling of μETTs,and looks ahead to the future development of this field.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of combining extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) with local anesthesia in treating chronic plantar fasciitis.Methods:Reports of randomized and controlled trials about treating plantar fasciitis using ESWT were sought in the CNKI, Wanfang, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from their inception until October 2018. Each report found was screened by two independent researchers and the characteristics were abstracted. The risk of bias was assessed according to the methods recommended in the Cochrane Handbook. Version 5.3 of the RevMan software was used for the meta-analysis.Results:Eight reports of randomized and controlled trials were identified covering 779 patients treated with shock wave therapy and 710 controls. The meta-analysis showed that ESWT could significantly relieve the pain and improve functioning. Local anesthesia did not affect the outcome. Focued and radial shock wave were both significantly more effective than placebo stimulation, so as the medium and high-intensity.Conclusions:ESWT can significantly relieve the pain and improve the walking ability of patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. The use of local anesthesia during the intervention and different ESWT modes and intensities will not affect its efficacy.

Objective To study the antioxidant effect of serum bilirubin,an endogenous antioxidants,in the patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 402 patients with lung cancer(patient group)and 422 healthy individuals(control group)were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of total bilirubin(TBIL)and direct bili-rubin(DBIL)were measured using Diazonium Salts reagent on an automated chemistry analyzer(AU5821,Beck-man Coulter)and concentrations of indirect bilirubin(IBIL)were calculated based on concentrations of TBIL and DBIL. The total activity of SOD and MDA concentrations of 104 patients and 57 controls were measured using Xan-thine oxidase and TBA reagents respectively. All data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 Software. Results Compared with the control group,the concentrations of TBIL,DBIL,IBIL and the activity of SOD in the patient group were decreased(P < 0.05)but the concentrations of MDA were increased. However,no tendency was found from T1 to T4(TNM)groups. Conclusion There is antioxidant dysfunction within patient with lung cancer and the serum bilirubin would be involved in this process.

Background:Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods:A decision tree model with three scenarios (low-dose CT screening,chest X-ray screening,and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort (100,000 smokers aged 45-80 years).Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence.The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research.Differences in lung cancer mortality (primary outcome),false diagnoses,and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results:Among the 100,000 subjects,there were 448,541,and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT,chest X-ray,and no screening scenarios,respectively (17.2％ reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2％ over no screening).The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7 and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons,respectively.The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort,low dose CT sensitivity,and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers.Considering all possibilities,reduction in deaths (relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were 16 (5.4％) and 288 (40.2％) over no screening,respectively.Conclusions:In terms of mortality outcomes,our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However,approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.

Objective To compare early-stage clinical features and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine function in first-episode and untreated major depressive disorders with suicide and without suicide. Methods Untreated patients who had a diagnosis as major depression according to ICD-10 were allocated to suicide with major depressive disorder group or non-suicide with major depressive disorder group according to whether the pa?tients had suicidal ideation or behaviours. Patients were assessed before treatment using the 17-item Hamilton Depres?sion Scale (HAMD-17), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the suicide assessment scale. The cortisol (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in serum were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results There was no significant difference in demographic data be?tween the two groups (P>0.05). In early-stage clinical features, there were significant differences in changes of sexual ac? tivity and feeling of despair (P<0.05). HAMD total scores were significantly higher in the suicide group (P<0.01), whereas HAMA total scores and Y-BOCS total scores were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in CORT or ACTH levels between two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant correlation of suicidal scores with early-stage clinical features, symptom scales scores, CORT or ACTH levels (P>0.05). Conclusion De?creased sexual desire and feeling of despair are more severe in depressed patients with suicide than those without. There is no correlation of early-stage clinical features or HPA axis functions with suicide in patients with depression.

Objective To observe the influence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on the expression of alpha-amino hydroxymethyl-oxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors GluR1 and GluR2 in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) so as to investigate the potential anti- chronic stress mechanism of BMSCs transplantation in treatment of rats with spinal cord injury.Methods A total of 48 adult male SD rats were equally divided into three groups:control group,treatment group and model group.The rats in the model and treatment group underwent lower thoracic SCI with the modified Allen' s method,and the rats in control group received only laminectomy.At day 7 after thoracic SCI,100 μl of Hank's buffered saline solution containing 1.0 × 106 BMSCs was injected into the subarachnoid space from L4-L5 intervertebral space in the treatment group and control group,and the same amount of Hank' s buffered saline solution was injected in the model group.The motor function of the rat posterior limbs was assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale before and after operation.Half of the rats were anesthetized at days 14 and 28 postoperatively to harvest brains which were frozen and cut in a cryostat to detect the expressions of GluR1 and GluR2 proteins by immunohistochemistry.Results After BMSCs transplantation,the motor function of the posterior limbs in the treatment group was improved progressively.At day 14 after transplantation,the number of GluR1-positive cells of the model and treatment group was higher than that of the control group in the hippocampus CA1 region (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01 respectively) ; GluR2-positive cells had the similar tendency,without significant difference(P ＞ 0.05 ).At the 28th day after transplantation,GluR1 positive cells of the model group were higher than those of the control group in CA1,CA3,DG regions and those of the treatment group in CA1,CA3 regions (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively) ; GluR1 positive cells of the model and treatment group were higher than their counterpart at day 14 after grafting procedure,with significant difference (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01,respectively).GluR2 positive cells of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group in the basolateral amygdale (BLA) (P ＜0.05 ) and had similar tendency with GluR1 expression in other regions ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion BMSCs transplantation implies a potential antichronic stress mechanism of SCI rats,since it can improve the motor function of posterior limbs in rats with lower thoracic SCI and regulate the expressions of AMPA receptor GluR1 and GluR2.

Objective To investigate the application of multi-detector row spiral CT(MDCT)and multi-planer reconstruction(MPR)in identify the anatomy detail of normal adult groin region.Methods We retrospectively collected the CT images of 50 adult subjects with normal groin anatomic structure underwent groin region thin-slice MDCT scans between July and December 2009,30 males and 20 females,obtained the coronal and sagittal views by MPR,investigated the value of different plans in identifying anatomic detail.Results Bilateral inferior epigastric artery(100/100,100%),spermatic cord(60/60,100%),and round ligament of uterus(40/40,100%)were well identified on all plans in all subjects.The bilateral "radiological femoral triangle" could be demonstrated on coronal views in all subjects(100/100,100%).The bilateral inguinal ligament were visible on coronal view in all subjects(100/100,100%)and on sagittal views in 34 subjects(68/100,68%),but on axial views was identified in 3 male subjects(6/100,6%).The bilateral inguinal canal and deep inguinal ring were reliably visible on coronal views in all subjects(100/100,100%),and on sagittal views in 46 subjects(92/100,92%).On coronal views,the widths of inguinal canal was(0.97?0.35)cm in left,(0.89?0.23)cm in right for males,and(0.62?0.11)cm in left,(0.71?0.11)cm in right for females.No significant difference was found between two sides(P=0.059 in males,P=0.067 in females),but there were significant differences between males and females(P=0.007 in left,P=0.009 in right).Transverse diameter of deep inguinal ring was(1.32?0.31)cm in left,(1.31?0.36)cm in right for males,and(1.07?0.35)cm in left,(1.07?0.30)cm in right for females.No significant difference was found between two sides(P=0.344 in males,P=0.638 in females),but there were significant differences between males and females(P=0.001 in left,P=0.002 in right).Conclusion MDCT with different plans plays an important role in identify the anatomic details of groin region,the coronal views especially.