Objective To explore the characteristics of tumor immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)based on the differentially expressed genes associated with macrophages in early and late tumor tissues of PDAC patients,so as to provide new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.Methods Three early-stage and 4 late-stage tumor samples were collected from PDAC patients.Tissue transcriptome data were analyzed by single-cell sequencing technology.With The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,macrophage related genes differentially expressed in early and late PDAC related to prognosis were obtained.The prognostic risk scoring model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)-Cox method.The risk genes associated with PDAC prognosis were screened using the Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis 2(GEPIA2)online survival analysis tool.Their immune infiltration was analyzed using the cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts(CIBERSORT)method,and their expression in different subpopulations of macrophages at different periods was resolved by t-distributed stochastic nearest-neighbour embedding(tSNE)clustering downscaling and the Monocle package.The protein-protein interactions and immunohistochemistry were further analyzed with the help of STRING database and The Human Protein Atlas(HPA)database.Results A total of 48 differentially expressed macrophage-related genes in early and late PDAC were found to be associated with prognosis.Eleven differentially expressed macrophage genes were screened as PDAC prognostic genes,and they were used to construct a prognostic risk scoring model for PDAC.Two prognostic genes with significant risk indicators were screened:2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2(OAS2)was mainly expressed in secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)-positive macrophages,and assembly factor for spindle microtubules(ASPM)was mainly expressed in proliferation marker protein Ki-67(MKI67)-positive macrophages.There were significant differences in the expression of OAS2 in PDAC macrophages at different stages.Immune infiltration studies showed that OAS2 and ASPM were highly expressed in regulatory T cells and M2-type macrophages(both P＜0.05).Protein-protein interaction network showed the expression relationship between OAS2 and ASPM and other co-expressed proteins.Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of OAS2 was higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues.Conclusion OAS2 and ASPM are both poor prognostic genes that are specifically expressed and exert negative immune effects in SPP1+macrophages and MKI67+macrophages,respectively,promoting the progression of PDAC and ultimately leading to a poor prognosis,and it is expected to provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of PDAC.

Objective To observe the impact factors of obesity(Ob)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Twenty Ob patients complicated with T2DM(group A)and 47 simple Ob patients(group B)were retrospectively enrolled.The blood glucose related indicators,including fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),as well as fat quantitative parameters measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,CT or MRI were compared between groups,their correlations were analyzed,and the impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM were explored.Results FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR in group A were all higher,while the total body fat mass percentage(TFM%)and leg fat mass percentage(LFM%)in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).Proton density fat fraction(PDFF)of liver and lumbar bone marrow in group A were both higher than those in group B(both P＜0.05).TFM%and LFM%in all 67 Ob patients were negatively correlated with FBG or HbA1c,while TFM%and Android region fat mass percentage(Android FM%)were both negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=-0.447—-0.263,all P＜0.05).For all 67 Ob patients,the area of visceral adipose tissue(VAT)was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=0.339,P=0.006),liver PDFF was positively correlated with FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR,and PDFF of lumbar bone marrow was positively correlated with FBG(r=0.323-0.599,all P＜0.05).Elevated LFM%was a protective factor,while elevated PDFF of liver and pancreas were both risk factors of Ob complicated with T2DM(all P＜0.05).Conclusion LFM%and liver PDFF were both impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM.

The radiation-free and unmarked body surface monitoring technology is developed for reducing the additional radiation dose generated by positioning error verification during radiotherapy positioning,and further reducing the positioning error and monitoring the displacement deviation of patients during radiotherapy in real time.At present,the widely used optical surface guided radiotherapy technology is also a type of radiotherapy guided by body surface monitoring.The system mainly uses optical imaging equipment as a tool to complete body surface scanning,three-dimensional reconstruction,real-time monitoring,etc.,thereby assisting doctors to carry out radiotherapy more accurately.Herein the study elaborates on the methods,technologies and research results of guided radiotherapy from the aspects of body surface markers,three-dimensional surface imaging systems and mobile devices,and provides prospects for future researches.

Objective:To explore the level of mental health literacy and its relationship with symptoms of de-pression,anxiety,and insomnia in young adults.Methods:A total of 10 273 young adults aged 18-23 in Guang-zhou were selected and assessed with the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire,Patient Health Question-naire-9(PHQ-9),General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale(GAD-7)and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI).Results:Totally 1 137(11.1％)participants met the criteria for adequate mental health literacy,2 758(26.8％)participants were with symptoms of depression,1 355(13.2％)with symptoms of anxiety and 4 936(48.0％)experiencing symptoms of insomnia.Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for other factors,substandard mental health literacy was an independent risk factor for symptoms of depression,anxiety and insomnia(OR=2.08,1.93,1.49;95％CI:1.74-2.48,1.52-2.46,1.31-1.70).Conclusion:The level of mental health literacy in young a-dults is insufficient,and the lack of mental health literacy is significantly associated with the symptoms of depres-sion,anxiety and insomnia.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal relationships among resilience, social support, and negative emotions in college students.Methods:Questionnaire surveys were administered to 1 739 college students from a university in Hebei Province born in the same year in November 2020 and November 2021 respectively, and 1 183 valid responses were finally obtained. The survey battery comprised the 11-item resilience scale, the social support questionnaire, and the 21-item depression anxiety stress scales. Cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3 software. Mediating effects were tested via the Bootstrap method.Results:The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T1 were 58 (51, 65), 57 (51, 66), and 3 (0, 10), respectively. The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T2 were 59 (48, 66), 56 (44, 65), and 11 (1, 24), respectively. Resilience at T1 and T2 were significantly and positively correlated with social support at T1 and T2 ( r=0.66, 0.75, 0.40, 0.33, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.45, -0.23, -0.26, -0.24, all P<0.01). Social support at T1 and T2 were negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.44, -0.28, -0.28, -0.28, all P<0.01). T1 resilience significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.35) and T2 social support ( β=0.15). T1 social support significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.07) and T2 social support ( β=0.35), while negatively predicted T2 negative emotion ( β=-0.15). T1 negative emotion significantly and negatively predicted T2 resilience ( β=-0.06) and T2 social support ( β=-0.07). The total effect of T1 resilience on T2 negative emotion was -0.35, and the mediating effect of T2 social support was -0.09, accounting for 25.71% of the total effect. Conclusion:T2 social support partially mediates the relationship between T1 resilience and T2 negative emotions.

Objective:To explore the level of mental health literacy and its relationship with symptoms of de-pression,anxiety,and insomnia in young adults.Methods:A total of 10 273 young adults aged 18-23 in Guang-zhou were selected and assessed with the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire,Patient Health Question-naire-9(PHQ-9),General Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale(GAD-7)and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI).Results:Totally 1 137(11.1％)participants met the criteria for adequate mental health literacy,2 758(26.8％)participants were with symptoms of depression,1 355(13.2％)with symptoms of anxiety and 4 936(48.0％)experiencing symptoms of insomnia.Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for other factors,substandard mental health literacy was an independent risk factor for symptoms of depression,anxiety and insomnia(OR=2.08,1.93,1.49;95％CI:1.74-2.48,1.52-2.46,1.31-1.70).Conclusion:The level of mental health literacy in young a-dults is insufficient,and the lack of mental health literacy is significantly associated with the symptoms of depres-sion,anxiety and insomnia.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of external application with Shilian Powder combined with oral administration of Shumai Capsules for the treatment of rats with diabetic foot ulcer(DFU).Methods Eight male rats with successfully modeled foot ulcer(DF)were used as the control group.While 24 male rats with successfully modeled DFU were randomly divided into DFU group,Shumai Capsules group and Shilian Powder combined with Shumai Capsules group,with eight rats in each group.After the corresponding interventions,we determined the wound healing rate,histopathological changes of wound,levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in serum,levels of Apelin and Relaxin,and protein expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT)and VEGF in wound tissue,as well as mRNA expressions of PI3K,AKT,Relaxin and Apelin.Results Compared with the control group,the DFU group showed a significant decrease in wound healing rate,VEGF level in serum and wound,wound Relaxin level,protein and mRNA levels of wound AKT(P<0.05),and a significant increase in serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels,wound Apelin level,wound PI3K protein and mRNA levels(P<0.05),and the reduced wound granulation tissue and formation of new capillaries and increased inflammatory cell infiltration were seen under the microscope.Compared with the DFU group,the wound healing rate,VEGF level in serum and wound,wound Relaxin and Apelin levels,protein and mRNA levels of wound PI3K and AKT in the Shumai Capsules group and Shilian Powder combined with Shumai Capsules group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the increased wound granulation tissue and formation of new capillaries and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration were seen under the microscope.Compared with the Shumai Capsules group,the wound healing rate,wound VEGF level,wound Relaxin and Apelin levels,protein and mRNA levels of wound PI3K and AKT in Shilian Powder combined with Shumai Capsules group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the increased wound granulation tissue and formation of new capillaries and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration were seen under the microscope.Conclusion External application with Shilian Powder combined with oral administration of Shumai Capsules can promote the wound healing in rats with DFU,its mechanism is related to the activation of PI3K/AKT/Relaxin/Apelin signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of instantly generated inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) for treating neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicated with severe hypoxic respiratory failure.Methods:This single-center, single-arm, prospective study included 32 neonates with PH complicated with hypoxic respiratory failure who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2023 to March 2025 and received immediate iNO generation therapy. The demographic data, maternal pregnancy, mechanical ventilation parameters, arterial blood gas indexes, other hospitalization data and safety indexes of iNO treatment were collected. The time point for starting iNO treatment was set as 0 h, and the observation time points were 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after treatment and when iNO treatment was stopped. The positive reaction of iNO treatment was defined as the decrease of oxygenation index (OI)>10% or the increase of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2)>10% after treatment. The OI, mechanical ventilation parameters, arterial blood gas index changes and treatment positive reaction ratio were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of iNO treatment, and the nitrogen dioxide concentration, methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration and other indicators were analyzed to evaluate the safety of iNO treatment. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the observation indexes at different treatment times. Friedman test was used to compare the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and MetHb at multiple treatment times. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the best cut-off value of OI related indexes to distinguish the treatment outcome of iNO. Results:Among 32 neonates, 18 (56%) were males and 14 (44%) were females, the gestational age was 38 (35, 39) weeks, the birth weight was 3.1 (2.3, 3.4) kg, and the age of enrollment was 3 (2, 8) days. The OI and the mean airway pressure at 48 h after treatment were both lower than those at 0 h ((10.4±2.0 vs. 22.6±2.5, 13.0 (12.0, 14.0) vs. 14.0 (13.0, 16.0) cmH 2O, 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa, both P<0.05). The fraction of inspired oxygen at 24 and 48 h after treatment were both lower than those at 0 h (both P<0.05). The PaO 2 at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after treatment were all higher than those at 0 h (all P<0.05). The proportion of positive reactions to iNO treatment was 20 neonates (63%), 22 neonates (69%), 23 neonates (72%), 23 neonates (72%) and 26 neonates (8%) at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after treatment, respectively. No occurrence of methemoglobinemia, excessive nitrogen dioxide concentration, or device related adverse events were observed. Out of 32 neonates, a total of 24 neonates (75%) were cured or improved and discharged according to medical advice, while 8 neonates (25%) died in the hospital. The best cut-off value of OI at 0 h and the decline range of OI at 12 h to distinguish the outcome of hospitalization were 24.8 and 22.2%, respectively. Conclusion:It was effective and safe to use instantly generated iNO to treat neonatal PH with severe hypoxic respiratory failure.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic disorder mediated by anti-PF4-heparin complex antibodies, leading to life-threatening thrombosis in severe cases. Currently, HIT diagnosis primarily relies on clinical presentation and laboratory testing, and the latter plays a crucial role. However, in China, HIT related lab tests mainly involve immunological screening, yet IgG-specific kits are lacking. Functional assays are difficult to implement in most clinical laboratories due to high technical and equipment requirements, as well as the radioactivity in some methods. In recent years, with the advancement of new technologies, methods such as flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have been increasingly applied in HIT diagnosis, showing potentials for improving diagnostic specificity and clinical feasibility.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis and autophagy imbalance in the hippocampal region of perimenopausal depressed rats are closely related to cognitive decline.Whether aerobic exercise can reduce apoptosis by promoting hippocampal autophagy and thus improve the learning and memory abilities of perimenopausal depressed rats is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the possible mechanism by which 4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise improves learning memory ability in ovariectomized stressed rats.METHODS:Forty Sprague-Dawely rats were randomly divided into four groups,namely,sham operation group(n=10),ovariectomized group(n=10),ovariectomized stress group(n=10)and ovariectomized stress exercise group(n=10).Except for the sham operation group,the ovaries were removed in the other three groups to establish a perimenopausal rat model,and then a depressed rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress in the latter two groups.The rats in the ovariectomized stress exercise group underwent a 4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise.Tail suspension test and sucrose preference test were performed to text depression-like behaviors in rats after exercise and stress.The eight-arm maze experiment was used to test the learning and memory behaviors of rats after exercise and stress.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase/UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1/mammalian target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR/ULK1),hippocampus apoptotic factor Caspase-3 and the protein expression of autophagy markers LC-3II/Beclin-1 in the hippocampus.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the sham operation group,rats in the ovariectomized and ovariectomized stress groups had prolonged resting time in the tail suspension test and decreased sugar-water intake and sugar-water preference in the sucrose preference test.(2)Ovary removal reduced the learning memory capacity of rats,as evidenced behaviorally by a significant increase in the number of working memory errors,the number of reference memory errors,and the completion time,and an even more pronounced increase in the above measures in the ovariectomized stress group.(3)Compared with the ovariectomized group,there was a significant reduction in the number of working memory errors,the number of reference memory errors,and the completion time in the ovariectomized stress group.(4)Compared with the sham operation group,in the ovariectomized and ovariectomized stress groups,the expression of hippocampal apoptotic factor Caspase 3 protein was significantly elevated,the expression of autophagy-related factors proteins Beclin-1 and LC3II,as well as the protein expression of AMPK and ULK1,was decreased,whereas the expression of mTOR protein was elevated.Changes in the above indicators were more significant in the ovariectomized stress group.(5)Compared with the ovariectomized stress group,in the ovariectomized stress exercise group,the protein expression of Caspase 3 was significantly decreased,the protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II was significantly increased,the protein expression of AMPK and ULK1 was significantly increased,and the protein expression of mTOR was significantly reduced.To conclude,4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise may promote cellular autophagy and reduce apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy signaling pathway,thereby enhancing the learning and memory capacity of rats with ovariectomized depression