Objective To observe the impact factors of obesity(Ob)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Twenty Ob patients complicated with T2DM(group A)and 47 simple Ob patients(group B)were retrospectively enrolled.The blood glucose related indicators,including fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),as well as fat quantitative parameters measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,CT or MRI were compared between groups,their correlations were analyzed,and the impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM were explored.Results FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR in group A were all higher,while the total body fat mass percentage(TFM%)and leg fat mass percentage(LFM%)in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).Proton density fat fraction(PDFF)of liver and lumbar bone marrow in group A were both higher than those in group B(both P＜0.05).TFM%and LFM%in all 67 Ob patients were negatively correlated with FBG or HbA1c,while TFM%and Android region fat mass percentage(Android FM%)were both negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=-0.447—-0.263,all P＜0.05).For all 67 Ob patients,the area of visceral adipose tissue(VAT)was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=0.339,P=0.006),liver PDFF was positively correlated with FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR,and PDFF of lumbar bone marrow was positively correlated with FBG(r=0.323-0.599,all P＜0.05).Elevated LFM%was a protective factor,while elevated PDFF of liver and pancreas were both risk factors of Ob complicated with T2DM(all P＜0.05).Conclusion LFM%and liver PDFF were both impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a paradigmatic approach to personalized medicine, developed through the systematic accumulation and refinement of clinical empirical data over more than 2000 years, and now encompasses large-scale electronic medical records (EMR) and experimental molecular data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its utility in medicine through the development of various expert systems (e.g., MYCIN) since the 1970s. With the emergence of deep learning and large language models (LLMs), AI's potential in medicine shows considerable promise. Consequently, the integration of AI and TCM from both clinical and scientific perspectives presents a fundamental and promising research direction. This survey provides an insightful overview of TCM AI research, summarizing related research tasks from three perspectives: systems-level biological mechanism elucidation, real-world clinical evidence inference, and personalized clinical decision support. The review highlights representative AI methodologies alongside their applications in both TCM scientific inquiry and clinical practice. To critically assess the current state of the field, this work identifies major challenges and opportunities that constrain the development of robust research capabilities-particularly in the mechanistic understanding of TCM syndromes and herbal formulations, novel drug discovery, and the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered clinical care. The findings underscore that future advancements in AI-driven TCM research will rely on the development of high-quality, large-scale data repositories; the construction of comprehensive and domain-specific knowledge graphs (KGs); deeper insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning clinical efficacy; rigorous causal inference frameworks; and intelligent, personalized decision support systems.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) -related paronychia is a condition clearly related to EGFRI therapy, characterized by periungual erythema, edema, purulent exudates, periungual or subungual granulomatous lesions, and sometimes accompanied by thinning, fragility or even splitting and seperation of nail plates. Inhibition of epidermal function, inflammation and secondary infections, as well as angiogenesis are the core processes in the occurrence and development of EGFRI-related paronychia. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of EGFRI-related paronychia.

Objective To observe the impact factors of obesity(Ob)complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Twenty Ob patients complicated with T2DM(group A)and 47 simple Ob patients(group B)were retrospectively enrolled.The blood glucose related indicators,including fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),as well as fat quantitative parameters measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,CT or MRI were compared between groups,their correlations were analyzed,and the impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM were explored.Results FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR in group A were all higher,while the total body fat mass percentage(TFM%)and leg fat mass percentage(LFM%)in group A were both lower than those in group B(all P＜0.05).Proton density fat fraction(PDFF)of liver and lumbar bone marrow in group A were both higher than those in group B(both P＜0.05).TFM%and LFM%in all 67 Ob patients were negatively correlated with FBG or HbA1c,while TFM%and Android region fat mass percentage(Android FM%)were both negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=-0.447—-0.263,all P＜0.05).For all 67 Ob patients,the area of visceral adipose tissue(VAT)was positively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=0.339,P=0.006),liver PDFF was positively correlated with FBG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR,and PDFF of lumbar bone marrow was positively correlated with FBG(r=0.323-0.599,all P＜0.05).Elevated LFM%was a protective factor,while elevated PDFF of liver and pancreas were both risk factors of Ob complicated with T2DM(all P＜0.05).Conclusion LFM%and liver PDFF were both impact factors of Ob complicated with T2DM.

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) -related paronychia is a condition clearly related to EGFRI therapy, characterized by periungual erythema, edema, purulent exudates, periungual or subungual granulomatous lesions, and sometimes accompanied by thinning, fragility or even splitting and seperation of nail plates. Inhibition of epidermal function, inflammation and secondary infections, as well as angiogenesis are the core processes in the occurrence and development of EGFRI-related paronychia. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of EGFRI-related paronychia.

Objective To investigating the microbial communities and physicochemical properties of soil and distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshlands along the Yangtze River basin at different types of land use, and to examine the effects of soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties on snail distribution, so as to provide insights into snail control and schistosomiasis prevention in marshland along the Yangtze River basin. Methods Marshlands with four types of land use were selected along the Yangtze River basin on April 2021, including poplar forest-crops integrated planting, reed areas, agricultural cultivation lands and ditches. The distribution of snails and physicochemical properties of soil were investigated in marshlands with different types of land use, and the V3 to V4 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, fungal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) gene and algal ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene in soils were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The occurrence of frames with living snails and density of living snails were compared in marshland with different types of land use. The associations of soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties with the density of living snails were examined using Pearson correlation analysis, and the contributions of soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties to the density of living snails were evaluated using variance partitioning analysis. Results In marshlands with four types of land use, the greatest occurrence of frames with living snails [(4.94 ± 2.14)%] and density of living snails [(0.070 ± 0.026) snails/0.1 m²] were seen in ditches, and the lowest were found in [(1.23 ± 1.23)%] agricultural cultivation lands [(0.016 ± 0.019) snails/0.1 m²]. A total of 2 phyla, 5 classes, 8 orders, 9 families and 11 genera of algae were detected in soils at four types of land use, with Chlorophyta as the dominant phylum and Pseudoneochloris as the dominant genus. A total of 44 phyla, 134 classes, 281 orders, 338 families and 516 genera of bacteria were detected in soils at four types of land use, with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota as the dominant phyla and uncultured Acidobacterium, MND1, Mitrospira, Haliangium and Sphingomonas as dominant genera. A total of 11 phyla, 41 classes, 108 orders, 223 families and 408 genera of fungi were detected in soils at four types of land use, with phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota presenting high relative abundances and genera Cladorrhinum, Mortierella and Humicola presenting high relative abundances. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the density of living snails correlated negatively with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (r = −0.965, P < 0.05) and soil electronic conductivity (r = −0.962, P < 0.05) and positively with soil moisture (r = 0.951, P < 0.05). Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the physicochemical properties and microorganisms of soil contributed 69% and 10% to the density of living snails, respectively. Conclusion The diversity of microbial communities varies in soils at different types of land use in marshland along the Yangtze River basin, and the physicochemical properties and microorganisms of soils may affect the distribution of O. hupensis snails.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disorder, is a major reason of disability in adults. Accumulating evidences have proved that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-carried exosomes play a significant therapeutic effect on OA. However, the precise regulatory network remains unknown. METHODS: OA and normal cartilage samples were acquired from patients, and chondrocytes were exposed to IL-1b to conduct a cellular OA model. Exosomes prepared from BMSCs were identified using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was determined with CCK-8 assay. Inflammatory injury was assessed by LDH and inflammatory factors (TNF-a and IL-6) using corresponding ELISA kits, respectively. Ferroptosis was evaluated by GSH, MDA and iron levels using corresponding kits, and ROS level with DCFH-DA. The expressions of genes/proteins were determined with RT-qPCR/western bolt. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assay were conducted for testing the interactions of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7)/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and miR-485-5p. RESULTS: The expressions of SNHG7 and FSP1 were both reduced in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes and OA cartilage tissues, and there was a positive correlation between them in clinical level. Moreover, SNHG7 was enriched in BMSCsderived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) and could be internalized by chondrocytes. Functional analysis illustrated that BMSCsExos administration repressed inflammatory injury, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes, while these changes were reinforced when SNHG7 was overexpressed in BMSCs-Exos. Notably, FSP1 silencing in chondrocytes abolished the beneficial effects mediated by exosomal SNHG7. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal SNHG7 released from BMSCs inhibited inflammation and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes through miR-485-5p/FSP1 axis. This work suggested that BMSCs-derived exosomal SNHG7 would be a prospective target for OA treatment.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disorder, is a major reason of disability in adults. Accumulating evidences have proved that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-carried exosomes play a significant therapeutic effect on OA. However, the precise regulatory network remains unknown. METHODS: OA and normal cartilage samples were acquired from patients, and chondrocytes were exposed to IL-1b to conduct a cellular OA model. Exosomes prepared from BMSCs were identified using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was determined with CCK-8 assay. Inflammatory injury was assessed by LDH and inflammatory factors (TNF-a and IL-6) using corresponding ELISA kits, respectively. Ferroptosis was evaluated by GSH, MDA and iron levels using corresponding kits, and ROS level with DCFH-DA. The expressions of genes/proteins were determined with RT-qPCR/western bolt. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assay were conducted for testing the interactions of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7)/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and miR-485-5p. RESULTS: The expressions of SNHG7 and FSP1 were both reduced in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes and OA cartilage tissues, and there was a positive correlation between them in clinical level. Moreover, SNHG7 was enriched in BMSCsderived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) and could be internalized by chondrocytes. Functional analysis illustrated that BMSCsExos administration repressed inflammatory injury, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes, while these changes were reinforced when SNHG7 was overexpressed in BMSCs-Exos. Notably, FSP1 silencing in chondrocytes abolished the beneficial effects mediated by exosomal SNHG7. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal SNHG7 released from BMSCs inhibited inflammation and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes through miR-485-5p/FSP1 axis. This work suggested that BMSCs-derived exosomal SNHG7 would be a prospective target for OA treatment.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disorder, is a major reason of disability in adults. Accumulating evidences have proved that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-carried exosomes play a significant therapeutic effect on OA. However, the precise regulatory network remains unknown. METHODS: OA and normal cartilage samples were acquired from patients, and chondrocytes were exposed to IL-1b to conduct a cellular OA model. Exosomes prepared from BMSCs were identified using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was determined with CCK-8 assay. Inflammatory injury was assessed by LDH and inflammatory factors (TNF-a and IL-6) using corresponding ELISA kits, respectively. Ferroptosis was evaluated by GSH, MDA and iron levels using corresponding kits, and ROS level with DCFH-DA. The expressions of genes/proteins were determined with RT-qPCR/western bolt. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase activity assay were conducted for testing the interactions of small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7)/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and miR-485-5p. RESULTS: The expressions of SNHG7 and FSP1 were both reduced in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes and OA cartilage tissues, and there was a positive correlation between them in clinical level. Moreover, SNHG7 was enriched in BMSCsderived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) and could be internalized by chondrocytes. Functional analysis illustrated that BMSCsExos administration repressed inflammatory injury, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes, while these changes were reinforced when SNHG7 was overexpressed in BMSCs-Exos. Notably, FSP1 silencing in chondrocytes abolished the beneficial effects mediated by exosomal SNHG7. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal SNHG7 released from BMSCs inhibited inflammation and ferroptosis in IL-1b-induced chondrocytes through miR-485-5p/FSP1 axis. This work suggested that BMSCs-derived exosomal SNHG7 would be a prospective target for OA treatment.