Objective: To assess parental expectations for the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify factors associated with these expectations, so as to provide references for improving rehabilitation outcomes and long term development in children with ASD. Methods: From June 2024 to January 2026, a total of 877 children with ASD and their parents were recruited from 27 rehabilitation institutions in Hefei. The children had been diagnosed by chief physicians at tertiary level hospitals. Demographic characteristics and data on parental expectations were collected by the Parental Expectations Questionnaire. Differences in parental expectations between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U- test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test, and associated factors were examined using quantile regression. Results: The mean item score for overall parental expectations among parents of children with ASD was (4.55±0.47), and scores for all dimensions were higher than those among parents of typically developing children ( t =11.11-31.14, all P <0.01). Child age, school enrollment, and maternal personality were associated with daily living expectation scores, learning and special talents and strengths expectation scores, and special talents and strengths expectation scores, respectively ( H =6.16-8.18, all P <0.05). Parents of preterm children had higher expectations for social interaction, physical and mental well being, and daily living than parents of non-preterm children ( Z =-2.56, -2.48, -2.39, all P <0.05). Multivariate quantile regression analysis showed that children’s age was associated with the expected level of self care ability; school enrollment status was associated with the expected level of learning and specialty strengths; maternal personality was associated with the expected levels of social competence, physical and mental health, self care ability, and specialty strengths; parental age was associated with the expected levels of physical and mental health and specialty strengths; and parental educational attainment was associated with the expected level of self care ability ( β =-0.36-0.41, all P <0.05). Conclusion Parents of children with ASD in Hefei generally have high expectations for their children s development across the domains of learning, daily living, social interaction, and physical and mental well being.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of a self-developed domestic wireless surface electromyography (sEMG) system (Oralmetry) in assessing the activity of the temporalis and masseter muscles to provide theoretical support for its clinical application. METHODS: Twenty-two volunteers were recruited. Through multiple repeated measurements, the sEMG signals of bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter muscles during maximum voluntary clenching were collected using the self-developed sEMG device, Oralmetry, and two commercial sEMG devices (Zebris and Teethan), filtered, screened, and standardized. Seven sEMG indicators for assessing masticatory muscle function were calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the repeatability of the measurements from the three sEMG devices, and statistical analysis was conducted to compare the consistency of the seven sEMG indicators obtained from the devices. RESULTS: Among the 22 participants, the ICC values of the repeated measurements from the three sEMG devices ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. The measurements of three sEMG indicators (antero-posterior coeffificient, percentage overlapping coeffificient_MM, and percentage overlapping coeffificient_TA) obtained by Zebris were significantly different from those obtained by Oralmetry and Teethan (P<0.05). No significant differences in the measurements of the seven sEMG indicators were found between Oralmetry and Teethan. CONCLUSIONS Oralmetry and the two commercial sEMG devices demonstrated good repeatability in capturing sEMG indicators for evaluating masticatory muscle function. In particular, Oralmetry showed the highest ICC values. All three devices also exhibited good consistency in measuring sEMG indicators, and a high agreement was observed between the two wireless sEMG devices (Oralmetry and Teethan). These findings provide theoretical support for the clinical application of Oralmetry.
Humans ; Electromyography/methods* ; Masseter Muscle/physiology* ; Masticatory Muscles/physiology* ; Wireless Technology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Temporal Muscle/physiology* ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Young Adult

This study explored a novel digital design and fabrication method for a double constrained split orthodontic miniscrew guide to improve the accuracy and safety of clinical miniscrew implantation and reduce related complications. A patient requiring miniscrew implantation was selected, and data were acquired using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral optical scanning. For the construction of a double constrained split guide including a screw-hole guide and an insertion rod guide, different types of software such as Mimics 24.0, Geomagic wrap 2021, and Materialise magics 21.0 were utilized for 3D reconstruction, model integration, and guide design. The guide was then fabricated via laser metal 3D printing. Model and intraoral try-in results demonstrated that the guide fitted well and was stable. Postoperative CBCT verified that the final miniscrew implantation site was consistent with the preoperative design, and no related complications occurred. This double constrained split orthodontic miniscrew guide provides a precise and safe digital solution for clinical miniscrew implantation.
Humans ; Bone Screws ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/instrumentation* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Computer-Aided Design

Objective : To investigate the diagnostic value of plasma calprotectin in childern with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP). Methods : A multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 228 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP). Among these, 177 cases were diagnosed with general mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(GMPP), while the remaining 51 cases were RMPP. Plasma was collected at the time of admission of the children in both groups, and calprotectin levels were measured. A one-way difference analysis was performed on the blood test indexes of the children in the two groups, and the difference variables withP<0.05 between the two groups were included in a multifactorial logistic regression to analyze the risk factors for the progression of GMPP to RMPP. The differential diagnostic value of plasma calprotectin for GMPP and RMPP was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. Results : Univariate analysis showed that plasma calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the RMPP group than those in the GMPP group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma calprotectin was an independent risk factor for RMPP(OR=1.323,P<0.001), ROC curve analysis showed that plasma calprotectin had a higher diagnostic value for the differential diagnosis of GMPP and RMPP(AUC =0.839), and its combination with C-reactive protein and albumin could significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion Plasma calprotectin has good clinical value for the diagnosis of RMPP.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patients receiving dialysis with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PCI and clinical outcomes as compared with medical therapy alone in patients undergoing dialysis with CAD in China. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 30 tertiary medical centers across 12 provinces in China from January 2015 to June 2021 to include patients on dialysis with CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, the individual components of MACE, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between PCI and outcomes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential between-group differences. RESULTS: Of the 1146 patients on dialysis with significant CAD, 821 (71.6%) underwent PCI. After a median follow-up of 23.0 months, PCI was associated with a 43.0% significantly lower risk for MACE (33.9% [ n  = 278] vs . 43.7% [ n  = 142]; adjusted hazards ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.71), along with a slightly increased risk for bleeding outcomes that did not reach statistical significance (11.1% vs . 8.3%; adjusted hazards ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, PCI was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Subgroup analysis did not modify the association of PCI with patient outcomes. These primary findings were consistent across IPTW, PSM, and competing risk analyses. CONCLUSION This study indicated that PCI in patients on dialysis with CAD was significantly associated with lower MACE and mortality when comparing with those with medical therapy alone, albeit with a slightly increased risk for bleeding events that did not reach statistical significance.
Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; China ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of a self-developed extraoral scanning system based on photogrammetry technology, and to provide evidence for advancing the development and clinical application evaluation of domestically produced scanning devices.Methods:This research group developed a photogrammetry-based implant extraoral scanning system with customized scan bodies. Two distinct edentulous implant resin models were designed and three-dimensional (3D)-printed by Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, containing 6 (Model 1) and 8 (Model 2) abutment analogs respectively. Reference data acquisition was performed using a high-precision denture 3D scanner with scan caps mounted on the analogs. Specialized scan bodies were then mounted on the analogs for 3D positional data acquisition using both the self-developed system (experimental group) and the clinically established system (control group). Each system conducted 10 repeated scans per model. Trueness was assessed through root mean square error (RMSE), linear deviation (LD), and angular deviation (AD) relative to reference data, while precision was determined through intra-group RMSE analysis. Systematic comparisons included inter-group performance on identical models and intra-group variability across different models.Results:For Model 1, the experimental group showed statistically significant advantages over controls in intra-group RMSE [(3.10±0.71) μm vs (4.61±1.51) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(21.48±0.60) μm vs (32.50±0.63) μm, P<0.001], linear deviation [23.64 (32.35) μm vs 44.86 (55.73) μm, P<0.001], and angular deviation [0.29° (0.29°) vs 0.23° (0.33°), P<0.001]. In Model 2, significant improvements were observed in intra-group RMSE [(4.47±1.58) μm vs (6.21±2.07) μm, P<0.001], reference-data RMSE [(38.84±0.86) μm vs (43.69±1.34) μm, P<0.001], and linear deviation [37.95 (50.68) μm vs 49.71 (58.89) μm, P<0.001]. Both groups exhibited model-dependent variability, with RMSE of precision and trueness of both groups, linear deviation of experimental group, angular deviation of control group showing statistically significant increases (all P<0.001) corresponding to abutment analog quantity. Conclusions:The self-developed scanning system demonstrates superior accuracy in 3D positional acquisition of abutment analogs compared to the contral group system, with implant number identified as a critical determinant of extraoral scanning accuracy.

Objective:To develop an original-mirror alignment associated deep learning algorithm for intelligent registration of three-dimensional maxillofacial point cloud data,by utilizing a dynamic graph-based registration network model(maxillofacial dynamic graph registration network,MDGR-Net),and to provide a valuable reference for digital design and analysis in clinical dental applications.Methods:Four hundred clinical patients without significant deformities were recruited from Peking University School of Stomatology from October 2018 to October 2022.Through data augmentation,a total of 2 000 three-dimensional maxillofacial datasets were generated for training and testing the MDGR-Net algorithm.These were divided into a training set(1 400 cases),a validation set(200 cases),and an internal test set(200 cases).The MDGR-Net model constructed feature vectors for key points in both original and mirror point clouds(X,Y),established correspondences between key points in the X and Y point clouds based on these feature vectors,and calculated rotation and translation matrices using singular value decomposi-tion(SVD).Utilizing the MDGR-Net model,intelligent registration of the original and mirror point clouds were achieved,resulting in a combined point cloud.The principal component analysis(PCA)algorithm was applied to this combined point cloud to obtain the symmetry reference plane associated with the MDGR-Net methodology.Model evaluation for the translation and rotation matrices on the test set was performed using the coefficient of determination(R2).Angle error evaluations for the three-dimensional maxillofacial symmetry reference planes were constructed using the MDGR-Net-associated method and the"ground truth"iterative closest point(ICP)-associated method were conducted on 200 cases in the inter-nal test set and 40 cases in an external test set.Results:Based on testing with the three-dimensional maxillofacial data from the 200-case internal test set,the MDGR-Net model achieved an R2 value of 0.91 for the rotation matrix and 0.98 for the translation matrix.The average angle error on the internal and external test sets were 0.84°±0.55° and 0.58°±0.43°,respectively.The construction of the three-dimensional maxillofacial symmetry reference plane for 40 clinical cases took only 3 seconds,with the model performing optimally in the patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion,high angle cases,and Angle Class Ⅲ orthodontic patients.Conclusion:This study proposed the MDGR-Net association method based on intelligent point cloud registration as a novel solution for constructing three-dimensional maxillo-facial symmetry reference planes in clinical dental applications,which can significantly enhance diagnos-tic and therapeutic efficiency and outcomes,while reduce expert dependence.

The pathogenesis of male infertility is intricate and complex,and now,Western medicine is primarily based on empirical drug treatment.Male infertility is one of the advantageous diseases of traditional Chinese medicine,and traditional Chinese medicine has obvious effect in improving male reproductive function,which is one of the important means of clinical treatment of this disease.Based on the classical ancient books and modern research,and based on the traditional tonifying kidney method,we have innovatively put forward the concept of treating male infertility with the principle of"deficiency of kidney essence as the root,tonifying kidney and benefiting essence as the method,and regulating yin and yang mildly as the rule",which has achieved good clinical efficacy.At the same time,combined with the long-term clinical practice of our team,we have proposed five major diagnosis and treatment strategies for male infertility,i.e.,combining disease identification with syndrome identification,combining macroscopic with microscopic approaches,combining holistic with localized treatments,combining traditional Chinese medicine with surgery,and combining treatment of the disease and treatment of the person.In addition,we have summarized some of the current problems in the treatment of male infertility with traditional Chinese medicine and put forward corresponding suggestions,with a view to promoting the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of male infertility.

Objective:To explore the method of obtaining the key parameters of the average value articulator in healthy people based on mandibular movement trajectory data, with a view to providing a reference for the clinical application of the average value articulator.Methods:One hundred healthy volunteers (42 males and 58 females) with individual normal occlusion, aged 18-55 years old, who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from Beijing, and their mandibular movement trajectory data were collected. The left and right sagittal condylar inclination(SCI) and transversal condylar inclination(TCI) were obtained from the values of the articulator parameters which were generated in the mandibular movement analysis system.The SCI and TCI were grouped by gender and calculated separately for the two groups and the overall sample; the gender differences in the two parameters and the differences between the mean values of the two parameters and the average value articulator empirical values (35° for SCI and 15° for TCI) for the overall sample were compared.Results:The differences between SCI (35.8°±7.4°) and TCI [11.2° (11.3°)] in males and the corresponding parameters [35.6°±8.3° and 10.8° (9.5°), respectively] in females were not statistically significant ( t=0.10, P=0.922; Z=-0.60, P=0.552); the overall sample SCI (35.7°±7.9°) did not differ statistically from the average value articulator empirical value ( t=1.23, P=0.221), and the overall sample TCI [10.9° (10.3°)] was significantly smaller than the average value articulator empirical value ( W=5 825.00, P<0.001). Conclusions:The mandibular movement trajectory data of 100 adults with individual normal occlusion in this study shows that the gender factor does not affect the setting of the key parameters of the average value articulator, the SCI of the average value articulator empirical values is appropriate, and the TCI has the possibility of being on the large side. In the clinical use of the articulator to assist in the design of restorations, the parameter values should be rationally adjusted according to the actual situation of the patient′s dentition and mandibular movement.