Food safety risk early warning is a crucial technical approach to ensure that regulation stays ahead of potential risks. In recent years, machine learning, as an emerging technology, has demonstrated its immense potential in food safety risk early warning due to its powerful data processing and analysis capabilities. This paper introduced the concept of food safety risk early warning and the current food safety risk early warning systems both domestically and internationally. It reviewed the main principles, basic characteristics, and application progress of various machine learning methods, including logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, support vector machine, random forest, Bayesian network, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and artificial neural networks. The paper also presented the advantages and disadvantages of machine learning in current food safety risk early warning application scenarios, as well as future development directions. In particular, advanced technologies such as multimodal data fusion and deep learning are expected to play an increasingly important role in future food safety risk early warning.

Objective:To investigate the effect and preliminary mechanism of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) on the immune response to sepsis induced by liver abscess in mice. Methods:C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with hvKP strain NTUH-K2044 or classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKP) strain HS11286 suspension to prepare the model of sepsis. The survivals rates of mice within 24 h were recorded. HE staining was used to observed the inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse liver tissues. The levels of neutrophil marker lymphocyte antigen 6G (Ly6G) in mouse liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse liver macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes was measured by ROS assay kit. The activation of p105/p50 and p65 in NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse liver macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes was detected by Western blot. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels in mouse liver macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Compared with cKP, hvKP infection could induce C57BL/6 mice to develop obvious liver abscess with massive inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, the level of Ly6G in liver tissues was significantly higher in hvKP-infected mice than in cKP-infected mice ( P<0.000 1), but the survival rate of hvKP-infected mice was significantly lower than that of cKP-infected mice ( P<0.000 1). hvKP significantly promoted the ROS activity ( P<0.000 1) and enhanced the phosphorylation of p105/p50 and p65 in NF-κB signaling pathway in mouse liver macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes as compared with cKP ( P<0.001). The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels in mouse liver macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were significantly higher in hvKP-infected mice than in cKP-infected mice ( P<0.001). Conclusion:hvKP can promote the development of liver abscess and induce sepsis in mice.

Objective:To establish a Zika virus-infected suckling SD rat model with type Ⅰ interferon receptor deficiency（SD-Ifnar1 -/-［cc］）and provide a novel animal model for investigating Zika virus pathogenesis and developing therapeutic strategies. Methods:Seventeen-day-old male SD-Ifnar1 -/-［cc］rat pups were randomly divided into experimental and control groups（ n=6）. The experimental group received an intraperitoneal injection of Zika virus strain SZ-wiv01（5×10 4 PFU/rat，200 μl），while the control group received an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline（PBS）. Animals were euthanized via CO 2 asphyxiation on days 12 and 15 post-infection（dpi），and brain，spleen，liver，and testis tissues were harvested. Viral loads and cytokine expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR qRT-PCR），and histopathological evaluation was performed via HE staining. Results:qRT-PCR analysis revealed no detectable Zika virus RNA（Ct >35）in control tissues. In the experimental group，viral RNA（Ct <35）was detected in the brain，spleen，liver，and testis by day 12，with stable viral loads across tissues by day 15（ P>0.05）. Cytokine profiling demonstrated significant upregulation in the brain at day 12：IFN-β（5.58-fold， P<0.01），IL-6（7.11-fold， P<0.01），and CCL5（3.79-fold， P<0.01）. By day 15，these levels remained elevated（IFN-β：3.07-fold；IL-6：4.04-fold；CCL5：5.22-fold；all P<0.01）. In the liver，IFN-β mRNA decreased to 20% of the control level by day 15（ P<0.05），while IL-6 declined to 24% and CCL5 mRNA dropped to 38% by day 12. No significant cytokine changes were observed in the spleen（ P>0.05）. Testicular tissues exhibited reduced IFN-β mRNA levels（43% of control at day 12，31% at day 15； P<0.05）. Histopathological analysis revealed marked splenomegaly with disrupted splenic corpuscle architecture and lymphocyte depletion，significant inflammatory cell infiltration in hepatic portal areas，and testicular structural disorganization with inflammatory infiltration in Zika-infected rats. Conclusions:The SD-Ifnar1 -/-［cc］suckling rat model is successfully established and validated. This model recapitulates systemic Zika virus infection，tissue-specific pathology，and immune response dynamics，providing a robust platform for elucidating viral pathogenesis and advancing antiviral drug development.

Objective:To explore the influence and mechanism of perceived school climate on life satisfaction of junior high school students.Methods:From June to September 2022, students in sixth, seventh and eighth grade of junior high school were surveyed by the perceived school climate scale, the family cumulative risk-related questionnaire, the cognitive emotion regulation strategy questionnaire and the life satisfaction scale.SPSS 25.0 software was used to process data and the macro program PROCESS 4.1 was used for model testing.Results:(1) The total scores of perceived school climate, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy, life satisfaction and family cumulative risk were 83.00(19.00), 21.00(8.00), 23.00(9.00) and 1.00(2.00), respectively.(2) Perceived school climate was significantly and negatively correlated with negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy and family cumulative risk( r=-0.30, -0.40, both P<0.01), while significantly and positively correlated with life satisfaction ( r=0.51, P<0.01).Negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy was significantly and negatively correlated with life satisfaction ( r=-0.37, P<0.01), while significantly and positively correlated with family cumulative risk ( r=0.29, P<0.01). Family cumulative risk was significantly and negatively correlated with life satisfaction ( r=-0.45, P<0.01). (3) Negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy played a mediating role between perceived school climate and life satisfaction, and the mediating effect accounted for 13.46%(0.07/0.52) of the total effect. (4) Family cumulative risk played a moderating role in the relationship between perceived school climate and life satisfaction, and between perceived school climate and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy. Specifically, as the level of family cumulative risk decreased, the positive predictive effect of perceived school climate on life satisfaction significantly increased ( βsimple=0.42, P<0.001). Perceived school climate significantly and negatively predicted negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy under the condition of low level family cumulative risk ( βsimple=-0.30, P<0.001). Conclusion:Under the condition of low family cumulative risk in junior high school students, the perceived positive school climate can help reduce negative cognitive emotion regulation strategy, thereby improving life satisfaction.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is characterized by a localized and irreversible enlargement of the abdominal aorta,which poses a significant risk to life in the event of rupture.Currently,the primary treatment for AAA is surgical intervention,as there are no effective pharmacological therapies available to prevent or slow postoperative vascular dilation.Therefore,understanding the detailed pathogenesis of AAA and identifying effective prevention and treatment strategies is essential.This review begins by examining the pathological and molecular mechanisms involved in AAA,fo-cusing on key research areas such as the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells,inflammation and metabolic reprogramming.Based on a large of animal and clinical studies,this review then explores therapeutic strategies and prom-ising drugs for AAA,including mesenchymal stem cell therapy,nanomaterial applications,and immunomodulatory inter-ventions.The review aims to provide researchers with new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of AAA.

Objective:To evaluate the advantages and short-term clinical effects of totally robotic Nissen 360° fundoplication compared with laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on data of 110 patients undergoing Nissen 360° fundoplication at the Second Department of General Surgery, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University from Aug 2023 to Aug 2024. Among them, 50 cases underwent totally robotic fundoplication, and 60 cases underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. By comparing and analyzing the fatigue level of the primary surgeon during the operations, postoperative incisional pain in patients, swallowing function recovery and the time to resume a normal solid-food diet within 3 months post-surgery, the advantages of totally robotic surgery were evaluated. Additionally, by examining the postoperative recovery of reflux symptoms, postoperative patient comfort, and satisfaction levels in both groups, the short-term clinical outcomes of totally robotic surgery were assessed.Results:Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgeries without any intraoperative or postoperative complications occurring. The fatigue score of the primary surgeon in the totally robotic group was significantly better than that in the laparoscopic group[ (2.34±1.38) vs. (2.89±1.51), t=1.385, P<0.01]. The time taken to resume a normal solid-food diet postoperatively in the totally robotic group was significantly shorter than that in the laparoscopic group[ (27.90±6.77) d vs. (40.78±13.60) d, t =5.765, P<0.01]. Moreover, the postoperative pain comfort level was better in the robotic group than in the laparoscopic group [(1.65±0.72) points vs. (2.23±0.59) points, t=3.742, P<0.01]. Within 12 months postoperatively, the GERD-Q scores in the totally robotic group decreased significantly, and reflux symptoms disappeared, comparable to that in the laparoscopic group. Conclusions:The totally robotic Nissen 360° fundoplication leads to lower fatigue levels for the surgeon. Patients experience significant advantages in terms of postoperative pain perception and dietary recovery. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent postoperative anti-reflux efficacy, high patient comfort, and the surgery is safe and reliable.

Objective Neurological disorders,constitute the majority of acupuncture-treated ailments.By critically examining a comprehensive selection of high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from both domestic and international sources,we aimed to uncover the prevailing hot research topic and potential future directions in acupuncture therapy for these conditions.Methods Four databases,including PubMed,Web of science,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched.The search period is set from the establishment of each database to November 30,2023.And the search content was RCTs of acupuncture for neurological diseases classified as Ⅰ and Ⅱ by the Chinese Academy of Sciences were extracted.Key aspects extracted included annual publication volume,journals,disease types,outcomes,conclusions,acupuncture methods and control groups.Results A total of 81 high-quality RCTs were identified,revealing a consistent annual publication trend of acupuncture for neurological disorders.Key journals contributing to this research were Cephalalgia,Clinical Rehabilitation and Clinical Journal Of Pain,etc.The studies predominantly focused on migraine and sequela of apoplexy with migraine days/frequency and Ashworth scale and its modifications as commonly used primary outcome indicators,respectively.Overall,there were 73 RCTs that concluded that acupuncture for neurologic disorders were effective,8 were ineffective.The acupuncture methods were diverse,encompassing acupuncture,individualized acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,etc.The control measures were also varied,featuring sham acupuncture,sham-acupoint and micro-needle,etc.Conclusion With the development of acupuncture RCTs,their international influence has expanded.Research has shifted from validation of effectiveness to exploration of mechanisms,and despite the expansion of the disease spectrum of acupuncture,acupuncture trials have yet to be regulated and standardized,and the assessment of acupuncture efficacy remains controversial and challenging for the discipline.It is recommended to promote multi-center cooperation and strengthen the training of trialists etc.to provide more high-quality clinical evidence.

Objective lt focuses on the pivotal role of physician-scientists as a central driving force in the advancement of research-oriented hospitals,with particular emphasis on mapping the cultivation pathways and structural framework of their core competencies,while integrating existing evidence to propose optimization strategies.Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKl,and Wanfang databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2024 concerning the core competencies of physician-scientists.Results A total of 29 studies were included.The synthesized core competency framework comprises four domains:clinical research capacity,interdisciplinary integration ability,teamwork ability and leadership,and professional integrity and accountability.Conclusion The core competencies of physician-scientists exhibit a progressive trajectory aligned with career development.Future efforts should further clarify the professional role of physician-scientists and accelerate the research on the core competencies of physician-scientists in line with the requirements of job competence,thereby advancing the high-quality development of research-oriented hospitals.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Gegen qinlian decoction(GGQLD)containing serum in ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells based on transcriptomics.Methods An in vitro model of NAFLD was constructed by free fatty acid(FFA)-induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells,and cells were treated with different proportions of GGQLD and pioglitazone-containing serum.The lipid deposition in each group was detected by oil red O staining,and the lipid content in each group was evaluated by triglyceride level.Transcriptome technology was used to detect the differentially expressed genes between the intervention groups,and GO annotation analysis,KEGG enrichment analysis and protein interaction(PPI)network analysis were performed to verify the differentially expressed genes by RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal control group,the number of red lipid droplets in the model control group increased,and the triglyceride content increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with model control group,the content of red lipid droplets in the GGQLD medium dose group showed a decreasing trend,and the intracellular triglyceride content decreased significantly(P＜0.05).A total of 608 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome analysis,of which 163 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated and 445 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated.GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the regulation of MAP kinase phosphatase activity.KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway.RT-PCR results showed that GGQLD up-regulated the expression level of MAP2K6 mRNA and down-regulated the expression levels of FOSL1,CTSL,DUSP5,DUSP1,JUN,HSPA6,IL1A,IL11 and RELB mRNA,which may be mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion GGQLD has the effect of improving NAFLD,which may be related to MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the potential mechanism of Gegen qinlian decoction(GGQLD)containing serum in ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells based on transcriptomics.Methods An in vitro model of NAFLD was constructed by free fatty acid(FFA)-induced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells,and cells were treated with different proportions of GGQLD and pioglitazone-containing serum.The lipid deposition in each group was detected by oil red O staining,and the lipid content in each group was evaluated by triglyceride level.Transcriptome technology was used to detect the differentially expressed genes between the intervention groups,and GO annotation analysis,KEGG enrichment analysis and protein interaction(PPI)network analysis were performed to verify the differentially expressed genes by RT-PCR.Results Compared with normal control group,the number of red lipid droplets in the model control group increased,and the triglyceride content increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with model control group,the content of red lipid droplets in the GGQLD medium dose group showed a decreasing trend,and the intracellular triglyceride content decreased significantly(P＜0.05).A total of 608 differentially expressed genes were identified by transcriptome analysis,of which 163 differentially expressed genes were up-regulated and 445 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated.GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the regulation of MAP kinase phosphatase activity.KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway.RT-PCR results showed that GGQLD up-regulated the expression level of MAP2K6 mRNA and down-regulated the expression levels of FOSL1,CTSL,DUSP5,DUSP1,JUN,HSPA6,IL1A,IL11 and RELB mRNA,which may be mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion GGQLD has the effect of improving NAFLD,which may be related to MAPK signaling pathway.