Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

Objective To reveal the effects of sulforaphane(SFN)on the ferroptosis pathway and iron homeostasis in rats with diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods A DR rat model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg·kg-1.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=12 per group):Group C(control group),DR group,0.5SFN group,1.0SFN group,2.0SFN group,and 2.0SFN+Erastin group.Group C con-sisted of non-intervention control rats,while the other groups were DR model rats.Groups C and DR were orally adminis-tered 0.5 g·L-1 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The 0.5SFN,1.0SFN,and 2.0SFN groups were orally ad-ministered SFN at 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg·kg-1,respectively.The 2.0SFN+Erastin group was orally administered 2.0 mg·kg-1 SFN and simultaneously received a tail intravenous injection of the ferroptosis inducer Erastin at 10.0 mg·kg-1.The intervention lasted for 4 weeks.Fasting blood glucose(FPG)was measured with a glucometer,glycosylated hemoglo-bin(GHb)was detected by visible spectrophotometry,and fasting insulin(FINS)was measured by ELISA.Retinal tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the retina was detected using the DCFH-DA probe,malondialdehyde(MDA)was measured by the TBA method,and reduced glutathione(GSH)was assessed by spectrophotometry.Retinal Fe2+content was determined by spectrophotometry.The mRNA expression levels of ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),ferroportin 1(FPN1),transferrin re-ceptor(TFRC),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),thioredoxin 1(Trx1),and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)in the retina were detected by qRT-PCR.GPX4 protein expression in the retina was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the DR group,the 0.5SFN,1.0SFN,and 2.0SFN groups showed decreased FPG and GHb,increased FINS,improved retinal morphology with reduced neovascular capillaries,decreased levels of ROS and MDA,increased GSH levels,decreased retinal Fe2+content,increased FTH1 and FPN1 mRNA levels,de-creased TFRC mRNA levels,increased retinal GPX4,SLC7A11,and Trx1 mRNA levels,decreased TXNIP mRNA levels,and increased retinal GPX4 protein levels(all P＜0.05).Compared with the 2.0SFN group,the 2.0SFN+Erastin group showed increased FPG and GHb,decreased FINS,aggravated retinal damage with increased neovascular capillaries,elevat-ed levels of ROS and MDA,decreased GSH levels,increased retinal Fe2+content,decreased FTH1 and FPN1 mRNA levels,increased TFRC mRNA levels,decreased retinal GPX4,SLC7A11,and Trx1 mRNA levels,increased TXNIP mRNA levels,and decreased retinal GPX4 protein levels(all P＜0.05).Conclusion SFN alleviates DR in rats by inhibiting the ferrop-tosis pathway and maintaining iron homeostasis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of luspatercept combined with roxadustat in patients with refractory low-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) patients.Methods:In this single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial, patients with refractory MDS-RS were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive either combination therapy (luspatercept + roxadustat) or luspatercept monotherapy. The primary endpoint was erythroid response at 12 weeks, while secondary endpoints included erythroid response at 24 weeks, achievement of transfusion independence ≥8 weeks within the first 12 weeks, and other hematologic indicators.Results:The combination therapy and monotherapy groups included 16 and 32 patients, respectively. Baseline demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, IPSS-R risk classification, transfusion burden, EPO levels, and previous treatment history were comparable between the two groups ( P>0.05). With similar doses of luspatercept and follow-up durations, no significant differences were observed between the groups at either 12 or 24 weeks in terms of erythroid response, transfusion independence, or other clinical indicators (all P-values>0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups (all P-values>0.05) . Conclusion:Luspatercept combined with roxadustat shows comparable efficacy and safety to luspatercept monotherapy in the treatment of refractory low-risk MDS-RS. Clinical trial register: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing (K3697)

Background With the progression of industrialization, an increasing number of emerging contaminants are entering aquatic environments, posing significant threats to the safety of drinking water. Therefore, establishing a system for identifying unknown hazardous factors and implementing safety warning mechanisms for drinking water is of paramount importance. Among these efforts, non-target screening plays a critical role, but its effectiveness is largely constrained by the scope of coverage of sample pre-treatment methods. Objective To integrate modern chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques with advanced data mining methods to develop a non-discriminatory sample pre-treatment method for comprehensive enrichment of unknown contaminants in drinking water, laying a technical foundation for the discovery and identification of unknown organic hazardous factors in drinking water. Methods A non-discriminatory pre-treatment method based on supramolecular and solid-phase extraction was developed. The final target compounds including 333 pesticides, 194 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and 59 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were used for optimizing the pre-treatment method, confirming its coverage. The impacts of different eluents on the absolute recovery rates of target compounds were compared to select the conditions with the highest recovery for sample pre-treatment. The effects of different supramolecular solvents and salt concentrations on target compound recovery were also evaluated to determine the most suitable solvent and salt concentration. Results The solid-phase extraction elution solvents, supramolecular extraction solvents, and salt concentrations were optimized based on the target compound recovery rates. The optimal recovery conditions were achieved using 2 mL methanol, 2 mL methanol (containing 1% formic acid), 2 mL ethyl acetate, 2 mL dichloromethane, hexanediol supramolecular solvent, and 426 mg salt. The detection method developed based on these conditions showed a good linear relationship for all target compounds in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng·mL⁻¹, with R² > 0.99. The method’s limit of detection ranged from 0.01 ng⁻¹ to 0.95 ng⁻¹, and 95% of target compounds were recovered in the range of 20%-120%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 30%, indicating good precision. Conclusion The combined pre-treatment method of solid-phase extraction and supramolecular solvent extraction can effectively enrich contaminants in drinking water across low, medium, and high polarities, enabling broad-spectrum enrichment of diverse trace contaminants in drinking water. It provides technical support for broad-spectrum, high-throughput screening and identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, and also serves as a reference for establishing urban drinking water public safety warning systems.

McCune-Albright syndrome(MAS) is a postzygotic somatic mutation disorder caused by activating mutations in the GNAS gene, which encodes the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein. Its clinical features typically include polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait skin pigmentation, and endocrine hyperactivity, such as Cushing′s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, and growth hormone excess. Here, we report two rare cases of MAS complicated with adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-independent Cushing syndrome, and provide a review and analysis of previously reported MAS cases associated with Cushing′s syndrome.

Animal biosafety laboratories generally use negative-pressure cages to raise animals,to guarantee biosafety.Laboratory monbeys are much larger than the rodents,so they are mostly housed in non-airtight negative pressure animal isolation equipments within animal biosafety laboratories.Regarding practical work experience in an Animal Biosafety Level 2(ABSL-2)laboratory,this study discusses how to control biological risks at various stages of monkey breeding and infectious experiments within an ABSL-2 laboratory.This exploration provides valuable insights and references for controlling biological risks in ABSL-2 and ABSL-3 laboratories carrying out infection experiments in monkeys in the future.

Objective To reveal the effects of sulforaphane(SFN)on the ferroptosis pathway and iron homeostasis in rats with diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods A DR rat model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 65 mg·kg-1.After modeling,the rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=12 per group):Group C(control group),DR group,0.5SFN group,1.0SFN group,2.0SFN group,and 2.0SFN+Erastin group.Group C con-sisted of non-intervention control rats,while the other groups were DR model rats.Groups C and DR were orally adminis-tered 0.5 g·L-1 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na).The 0.5SFN,1.0SFN,and 2.0SFN groups were orally ad-ministered SFN at 0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg·kg-1,respectively.The 2.0SFN+Erastin group was orally administered 2.0 mg·kg-1 SFN and simultaneously received a tail intravenous injection of the ferroptosis inducer Erastin at 10.0 mg·kg-1.The intervention lasted for 4 weeks.Fasting blood glucose(FPG)was measured with a glucometer,glycosylated hemoglo-bin(GHb)was detected by visible spectrophotometry,and fasting insulin(FINS)was measured by ELISA.Retinal tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.The level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the retina was detected using the DCFH-DA probe,malondialdehyde(MDA)was measured by the TBA method,and reduced glutathione(GSH)was assessed by spectrophotometry.Retinal Fe2+content was determined by spectrophotometry.The mRNA expression levels of ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),ferroportin 1(FPN1),transferrin re-ceptor(TFRC),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),thioredoxin 1(Trx1),and thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)in the retina were detected by qRT-PCR.GPX4 protein expression in the retina was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the DR group,the 0.5SFN,1.0SFN,and 2.0SFN groups showed decreased FPG and GHb,increased FINS,improved retinal morphology with reduced neovascular capillaries,decreased levels of ROS and MDA,increased GSH levels,decreased retinal Fe2+content,increased FTH1 and FPN1 mRNA levels,de-creased TFRC mRNA levels,increased retinal GPX4,SLC7A11,and Trx1 mRNA levels,decreased TXNIP mRNA levels,and increased retinal GPX4 protein levels(all P＜0.05).Compared with the 2.0SFN group,the 2.0SFN+Erastin group showed increased FPG and GHb,decreased FINS,aggravated retinal damage with increased neovascular capillaries,elevat-ed levels of ROS and MDA,decreased GSH levels,increased retinal Fe2+content,decreased FTH1 and FPN1 mRNA levels,increased TFRC mRNA levels,decreased retinal GPX4,SLC7A11,and Trx1 mRNA levels,increased TXNIP mRNA levels,and decreased retinal GPX4 protein levels(all P＜0.05).Conclusion SFN alleviates DR in rats by inhibiting the ferrop-tosis pathway and maintaining iron homeostasis.

Animal biosafety laboratories generally use negative-pressure cages to raise animals,to guarantee biosafety.Laboratory monbeys are much larger than the rodents,so they are mostly housed in non-airtight negative pressure animal isolation equipments within animal biosafety laboratories.Regarding practical work experience in an Animal Biosafety Level 2(ABSL-2)laboratory,this study discusses how to control biological risks at various stages of monkey breeding and infectious experiments within an ABSL-2 laboratory.This exploration provides valuable insights and references for controlling biological risks in ABSL-2 and ABSL-3 laboratories carrying out infection experiments in monkeys in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of luspatercept combined with roxadustat in patients with refractory low-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) patients.Methods:In this single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial, patients with refractory MDS-RS were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive either combination therapy (luspatercept + roxadustat) or luspatercept monotherapy. The primary endpoint was erythroid response at 12 weeks, while secondary endpoints included erythroid response at 24 weeks, achievement of transfusion independence ≥8 weeks within the first 12 weeks, and other hematologic indicators.Results:The combination therapy and monotherapy groups included 16 and 32 patients, respectively. Baseline demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, IPSS-R risk classification, transfusion burden, EPO levels, and previous treatment history were comparable between the two groups ( P>0.05). With similar doses of luspatercept and follow-up durations, no significant differences were observed between the groups at either 12 or 24 weeks in terms of erythroid response, transfusion independence, or other clinical indicators (all P-values>0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups (all P-values>0.05) . Conclusion:Luspatercept combined with roxadustat shows comparable efficacy and safety to luspatercept monotherapy in the treatment of refractory low-risk MDS-RS. Clinical trial register: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing (K3697)

McCune-Albright syndrome(MAS) is a postzygotic somatic mutation disorder caused by activating mutations in the GNAS gene, which encodes the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein. Its clinical features typically include polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait skin pigmentation, and endocrine hyperactivity, such as Cushing′s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, and growth hormone excess. Here, we report two rare cases of MAS complicated with adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)-independent Cushing syndrome, and provide a review and analysis of previously reported MAS cases associated with Cushing′s syndrome.