This case report describes a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After receiving Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT), the tumor significantly reduced in size, and tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) decreased. Postoperative pathological results showed minimal residual tumor cells, indicating that ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has good efficacy and safety in downstaging and conversion of HCC, thereby facilitating subsequent surgical resection.

Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

Background With the progression of industrialization, an increasing number of emerging contaminants are entering aquatic environments, posing significant threats to the safety of drinking water. Therefore, establishing a system for identifying unknown hazardous factors and implementing safety warning mechanisms for drinking water is of paramount importance. Among these efforts, non-target screening plays a critical role, but its effectiveness is largely constrained by the scope of coverage of sample pre-treatment methods. Objective To integrate modern chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques with advanced data mining methods to develop a non-discriminatory sample pre-treatment method for comprehensive enrichment of unknown contaminants in drinking water, laying a technical foundation for the discovery and identification of unknown organic hazardous factors in drinking water. Methods A non-discriminatory pre-treatment method based on supramolecular and solid-phase extraction was developed. The final target compounds including 333 pesticides, 194 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and 59 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were used for optimizing the pre-treatment method, confirming its coverage. The impacts of different eluents on the absolute recovery rates of target compounds were compared to select the conditions with the highest recovery for sample pre-treatment. The effects of different supramolecular solvents and salt concentrations on target compound recovery were also evaluated to determine the most suitable solvent and salt concentration. Results The solid-phase extraction elution solvents, supramolecular extraction solvents, and salt concentrations were optimized based on the target compound recovery rates. The optimal recovery conditions were achieved using 2 mL methanol, 2 mL methanol (containing 1% formic acid), 2 mL ethyl acetate, 2 mL dichloromethane, hexanediol supramolecular solvent, and 426 mg salt. The detection method developed based on these conditions showed a good linear relationship for all target compounds in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng·mL⁻¹, with R² > 0.99. The method’s limit of detection ranged from 0.01 ng⁻¹ to 0.95 ng⁻¹, and 95% of target compounds were recovered in the range of 20%-120%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 30%, indicating good precision. Conclusion The combined pre-treatment method of solid-phase extraction and supramolecular solvent extraction can effectively enrich contaminants in drinking water across low, medium, and high polarities, enabling broad-spectrum enrichment of diverse trace contaminants in drinking water. It provides technical support for broad-spectrum, high-throughput screening and identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, and also serves as a reference for establishing urban drinking water public safety warning systems.

OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism of Compound Dihuang Granule in treating Parkinson's disease(PD)with yin-deficiency and dynamic wind syndrome by regulating the changes of ubiquitin-proteasome system-related proteins.METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly selected as normal control group and sham operation group,13 rats in each group.The remaining rats were treated with 6-hydroxydopamine lateral brain injection to damage the substantia nigra to establish PD yin-deficien-cy and dynamic wind syndrome rat model.The established rats were randomly divided into model group,madopar group(150 mg·kg-1),low,medium and high dose groups of Compound Dihuang Granule(1.75,3.5,7 g·kg-1),13 rats in each group.Each group was given drugs by intragastric gavage for 28 d.The general conditions and neurobehavioral manifestations of the rats were observed;the expression of ubiquitin(UB),ubiquitin activating enzyme(UBE1),ubiquitin conjugating enzyme(UBE2A)and ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase(UCH-L1)positive cells,protein and mRNA expression levels in the damaged lateral stria-tum of the brain of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and qPCR methods;changes of dopamine(DA)content in the damaged lateral striatum of the brain of rats were detected by ELISA.RESULTS There was no significant difference in general conditions between the normal control group and the sham operation group,and there was no significant difference in the number of ro-tations,suspension time and number of moving grids.Compared to the sham-op group,the model group rats showed poor spirit,irrita-bility,limb tremor,slow movement,dark yellow fur,less food intake,reduced body weight;the modeling increased number of rota-tions,decreased hanging time and number of moving grids(P<0.01),significantly decreased expression of UB,UBE1,UBE2A,and UCH-L1 positive cells,mRNA and protein expression levels in the damaged lateral striatum(P<0.01),and significantly decreased DA content(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the general condition of the rats in the madopar group and Compound Di-huang Granule groups was improved,the number of rotations was reduced,the hanging time and number of moving grids were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expression of UB,UBE1,UBE2A,and UCH-L1 positive cells,mRNA and protein expression levels were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the DA content was increased(P<0.01);behavioral tests and the expression levels of various in-dicators were most significantly improved in the madopar group and the high-dose Compound Dihuang Granule group(P<0.05,P<0.01),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups.CONCLUSION Compound Dihuang Granule may play a role in treating PD yin-deficiency and dynamic wind syndrome by regulating the expression of ubiquitin-proteasome system-related proteins,reducing abnormal protein aggregation,and thus alleviating DA content deficiency,and the high-dose Compound Dihuang Granule has the best effect.

Objective To explore the impact of prolonged sitting on lumbar disc degeneration using MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping.Methods A total of 25 taxi drivers(prolonged sitting group)and 24 age-matched non-prolonged sitting volunteers(control group)underwent routine lumbar MRI,T1ρ,and T2 mapping.The differences of T1ρ and T2 values for different Pfirrmann grades of anterior annulus fibrosus(AAF),nucleus pulposus(NP),and posterior annulus fibrosus(PAF)were analyzed using Variance analysis,Spearman correlation test,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn,with independent t-tests was used for between-group com-parisons.Results Statistically significant differences were observed in T1ρ and T2 values for all Pfirrmann Ⅰ-Ⅱ grades NP and Pfirrmann Ⅱ-Ⅳgrades AAF,NP,and PAF in both groups(P＜0.05).Both T1ρ and T2 values were negatively correlated with Pfirrmann grades.The area under the curve(AUC)of T1ρ values for NP at each Pfirrmann grade were 0.928,0.987,and 0.968,respectively,while the AUC of T2 values for NP were 0.777,0.966,and 0.975,respectively.The T1ρ and T2 values of L4/L5 NP and L5/S1 AAF,NP,and PAF were lower in the prolonged sitting group compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion T1ρ is superior to T2 mapping in detecting lumbar disc degeneration.Prolonged sitting is more likely to cause degeneration of L4/L5 and L5/S1 inter-vertebral discs.

Objective To observe the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of sacroiliac joint and spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada(SPARCC)score in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients with different grade sacroiliac joint inflammation.Methods MR examinations of sacroiliac joint were prospectively performed in 35 AS patients(AS group)and 30 healthy controls(HC group).The grade of sacroiliac joint inflammation and SPARCC score in AS group were evaluated according to MRI findings,and the patients were then further divided into bone marrow oedema(BMO)subgroup(n=19)and non-BMO subgroup(n=16)according to whether BMO presented under articular surface or not,and ADC of sacroiliac joint(ADCsacroiliac)were measured.Receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of ADCsacroiliac for assessing AS sacroiliac joint inflammation grade.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between ADCsacroiliac and SPARCC score in AS patients with different grade sacroiliac joint inflammation.Results ADCsacroiliac in BMO subgroup and non-BMO subgroup was(4.85±1.44)×10-4 and(4.30±0.64)×10-4 mm2/s,respectively,being not significantly different(P＞0.05)but both higher than that in HC group([3.32±1.36]×10-4 mm2/s,both P＜0.05).The sensitivity of ADCsacroiliac for assessing grade of sacroiliac joint inflammation in AS patients was 49.44％,51.94％,73.06％and 60.50％,with specificity of 75.00％,78.92％,83.33％and 66.67％,respectively,and AUC of 0.613,0.712,0.837 and 0.645,respectively.ADCsacroiliac was moderately-highly positively correlated with SPARCC score of AS patients with Ⅱ and Ⅲgrade sacroiliac joint inflammation(r=0.580,0.933,both P＜0.05),but no obvious correlation was detected between ADCsacroiliac and SPARCC score of AS patients with Ⅰ or Ⅳ grade sacroiliac joint inflammation(both P＞0.05).Conclusion ADCsacroiliac was positively correlated with SPARCC scores of AS patients with Ⅱ and Ⅲ grade sacroiliac joint inflammation,which could be regarded as a reliable quantitative parameter for monitoring sacroiliac joint BMO.

Objective To observe the effects of compound Dihuang Granules on striatum PINK1,Parkin and α-syn in rats with Parkinson disease yin-deficiency and wind movement syndrome;To explore the mechanism of compound Dihuang Granules in the treatment of Parkinson disease yin-deficiency and wind movement syndrome.Methods 6-hydroxydopamine was injected into the substantia nigra of the midbrain to prepare the model of PD yin-deficiency and wind movement syndrome.Totally 65 model rats were randomly divided into model group,Madopar(150 mg/kg)group,and TCM low-,medium-,and high-dosage(1.75,3.5,7 g/kg)groups.Another 26 rats were divided into normal control group and sham-operation group,with 13 rats in each group.Each administration group was given corresponding medication solution by gavage,the normal control group,sham-operation group and the model group were given equivalent volume of normal saline,once a day for 28 consecutive days.The behavioral changes of rats were detected,ELISA and biochemical assay kits were used to detect ATP content and COX Ⅳactivity in striatum,HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the striatum,immunohistochemistry staining,Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of PINK1,Parkin,α-syn protein and mRNA in striatal tissue.Results Compared with the normal control group and the sham-operation group,the rats in the model group showed increased number of rotations and pole climbing time,decreased swimming score(P<0.01),the ATP content and COX Ⅳ activity in striatum tissue decreased(P<0.01),with disordered arrangement and reduced number of neurons,cell swelling,partial nuclear shrinkage,formation of vacuoles,and blurred boundaries,the expressions of PINK1,Parkin protein and mRNA in striatal tissue decreased(P<0.01),and the expressions of α-syn protein and mRNA increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of rotations and pole climbing time of rats in each medication group decreased,swimming scores increased(P<0.01),ATP content and COX Ⅳ activity in striatal tissue increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the number of neurons increased,the arrangement tended to be neat,and the morphology improved,the expressions of PINK1,Parkin protein and mRNA in striatal tissue increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the expressions of α-syn protein and mRNA decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The improvement was most significant in the Medopar group and TCM high-dosage group(P<0.05,P<0.01),and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05),and TCM groups showed dosage dependence(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Compound Dihuang Granules can improve the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson disease yin-deficiency and wind movement syndrome,possibly by regulating the expressions of PINK1,Parkin and α-syn in the striatum tissue,thereby alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction,protecting dopaminergic neurons,and playing a role in treating Parkinson disease.

Objective To observe the effect of compound Dihuang Granules on the expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 in liver and colonic tissue of Parkinson disease(PD)rats with yin deficiency and wind movement syndrome.Methods 6-Hydroxydopamine was used to inject into the right substantia nigra to prepare PD with yin deficiency and wind movement syndrome rats model.65 rats that successfully modeled were randomly divided into model group,madopar group(madopar 150 mg/kg)and TCM low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(compound Dihuang Granules 1.75,3.5,7 g/kg),with 13 rats in each group;another 13 rats without intervention were selected as the normal control group,and 13 rats were only injected with ascorbic acid solution as sham-operation group.The administration groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage,and the normal control group,sham-operation group and model group were given normal saline by gavage,once a day for 28 consecutive days.The neurobehavioral changes of rats were observed,and the morphology of liver tissue and colonic tissue were observed by HE staining,the protein and mRNA expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 in liver and colonic tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining,Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively.Results Compared with the normal control group and the sham-operation group,the number of rotation circles of rats in the model group increased,with granular degeneration of liver tissue,loose cytoplasm of cells,slight hepatic steatosis,edema of colonic mucosal and submucosal layers,loose connective tissue,infiltration of a small number of lymphocytes,and significant vascular dilation,the expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 protein and mRNA in liver and colonic tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of rotation circles of rats in madopar group and TCM groups were significantly decreased,with mild granular degeneration of liver cells,loose cytoplasm,orderly arrangement of hepatic cords,mild edema of the colon,a small amount of lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltration,and a small amount of vascular dilation,the protein and mRNA expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 in liver and colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05).The TCM high-dosage group showing the most obvious changes,there was no statistical significance with the madopar group(P>0.05).Conclusion Compound Dihuang Granules may restore endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria homeostasis,improve gut-liver-brain axis mitochondrial function,protect dopamine neurons,and delay PD by regulating the expressions of DJ-1,IP3R,GRP75 and VDAC1 in liver tissue and colonic tissue.

This paper introduces the teaching method of medical-electrical cross-integration and the teaching practice experience in the past three years by taking the integration of medicine and electrical engineering as an example. Starting from the analysis of the characteristics of learning situation, the teaching introduction process, the case discussion and analysis, and the after-class tracking and improvement, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the medical-electrical cross-teaching and proposes the corresponding teaching methods and supporting cases. Preliminary exploration attempts show that this teaching method can improve students' comprehensive ability, especially multidisciplinary thinking ability, and has a certain positive effect.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, current treatment modalities mainly relieve pain and inhibit cartilage degradation, but do not promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, we show that G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), an orphan G-protein-couple receptor, not only inhibits cartilage degradation, but also increases cartilage regeneration and thereby is protective against OA. We observed that Gprc5b deficient chondrocytes had an upregulation of cartilage catabolic gene expression, along with downregulation of anabolic genes in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in Gprc5b displayed a more severe OA phenotype in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) induced OA mouse model, with upregulation of cartilage catabolic factors and downregulation of anabolic factors, consistent with our in vitro findings. Overexpression of Gprc5b by lentiviral vectors alleviated the cartilage degeneration in DMM-induced OA mouse model by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting regeneration. We also assessed the molecular mechanisms downstream of Gprc5b that may mediate these observed effects and identify the role of protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate an integral role of GPRC5B in OA pathogenesis, and activation of GPRC5B has the potential in preventing the progression of OA.