ObjectiveTo investigate the imaging features of calcium salt deposition and serological markers in patients with alveolar echinococcosis through a retrospective analysis， as well as independent risk factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition in lesions， and to provide a basis for assessing disease process. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the imaging and clinical data of 107 patients with alveolar echinococcosis who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University from December 2023 to June 2025， and according to the volume of calcium salt deposition， they were divided into non-deposition group with 16 patients， mild deposition group with 52 patients， moderate deposition group with 16 patients， and severe deposition group with 23 patients. A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups， and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The four groups were further combined into the low deposition group （no/mild deposition） and the high deposition group （moderate/severe deposition）. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition， and a predictive model was established. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model， and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. ResultsThere were significant differences between the four groups in sex distribution， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.05）. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the four groups in sex， involvement of other sites， white blood cell count， lymphocyte percentage， fibrinogen， alanine aminotransferase， albumin， creatinine， uric acid， sodium ion， chloride ion， and calcium ion （all P<0.1）. The multi-collinearity diagnosis showed that the VIF values for all continuous variables ranged from 1.104 to 1.760， suggesting that collinearity did not affect modeling. An ordinal logistic regression model was established based on sex， involvement of other sites， calcium ion， lymphocyte percentage， and uric acid. The multivariate analysis showed that lymphocyte percentage （odds ratio ［OR］=1.106， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.041 — 1.174， P=0.001） and blood calcium level （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 —0.230， P=0.007） were independent influencing factors for the degree of calcium salt deposition. The regression equation was established as Logit（P）=8.231 + 0.100 × lymphocyte percentage -5.344 × calcium ion. The ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.716， with a Youden index of 0.353， a sensitivity of 1.000， and a specificity of 0.353. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model had poor calibration （χ²=20.688， P=0.008）. The Bootstrap method with 1000 repeated samples showed that the estimated values of lymphocyte percentage （OR=1.106， 95%CI： 1.049 — 1.186， P=0.002） and calcium ion （OR=0.005， 95%CI： 0.000 — 0.214， P=0.010） were consistent with the original model， and the confidence intervals did not include 1， which further supported the reliability of the model. ConclusionBoth lymphocyte percentage and blood calcium level are independent influencing factors for calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis， and the degree of calcium salt deposition in alveolar echinococcosis lesions increases with the reduction in blood calcium level and the increase in lymphocyte percentage.

Objective To observe the value of self-made improved cone-beam CT(CBCT)fixation components for maxillofacial scanning.Methods CBCT fixation components(chin rest,temporal clamp)equipped by Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid dental panoramic X-ray system were modified to obtain improved CBCT fixation components,including improved chin rest,temporal clamp and occipital retention band.Totally 571 patients who underwent maxillofacial CBCT examinations for dental-related diseases were retrospectively enrolled,including 288 cases(group A)underwent scanning by a junior technician using original chin rest+original temporal clamp(component 1,n=78,A1 subgroup),modified chin rest+original temporal clamp(component 2,n=74,A2 subgroup),original chin rest+original temporal clamp+occipital retention band(component 3,n=68,A3 subgroup)or modified chin rest+original temporal clamp+occipital retention band(component 4,n=68,A4 subgroup),while the rest 283 cases(group B)underwent scanning by a senior using the above components,respectively,and were taken as B1(n=72),B2(n=69),B3(n=73)and B4(n=69)subgroups.The incidence of motion artifacts were compared among A2/B2,A3/B3,A4/B4 subgroups and A1/B1 subgroups.Results Compared with A1+B1 subgroups,the overall motion artifacts rate in A4+B4 subgroups decreased from 17.33％(26/150)to 8.03％(11/137)(P=0.019),while in A2+B2 subgroups(13.29％[19/143])and A3+B3 subgroups(9.93％[14/141])did not significantly decrease(P=0.337,0.067).In group A,no statistical difference of motion artifacts rate was found between A 2(17.57％[13/74])or A3(13.24％[9/68])subgroups and A1 subgroup(23.08％[18/78])(P=0.399,0.127),while the motion artifacts rate in A4 subgroup(10.29％[7/68])was lower than that in A1 subgroup(23.08％[18/78])(P=0.041).In group B,no significant difference of motion artifacts rates was found between B2,B3 or B4 subgroups(8.70％[6/69],6.85％[5/73],5.80％[4/69])and B1 subgroup(11.11％[8/72])(P=0.632,0.369,0.258).Conclusion Self-made improved CBCT fixation components could effectively secure patients' head and reduce motion artifacts in maxillofacial CBCT.

Objective: To analyze the space time characteristics of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu, in order to provide the reference for formulating myopia prevention and control policies for students. Methods: The data relating to poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were sourced from the Sichuan Students Physical Health Big Data Center. The districts and counties of Chengdu were divided into three circles, including the main urban area, suburban districts and counties, and suburban districts and counties. The Chi square test was used for inter group comparison, and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend of changes. Global and local Moran s I were used to analyze spatial clustering. Results: The detection rates of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were 62.47%, 61.61% and 60.78%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( Z=-32.01, P <0.01). For each year, the higher detection rate of poor vision among students was detected in the higher level of education, and differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=161 549.47, 173 471.87, 233 459.09, P <0.01). The rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students gradually decreased from the central districts and counties of Chengdu to the surrounding districts and counties for each year, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=299.20, 776.22, 633.16, P <0.01). The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the first circle of Chengdu City was mainly characterized by high-high agglomeration ( P <0.01), with the rate of poor vision among primary school students in Wuhou District in 2023 exhibiting a low-high anomaly. The third circle was mainly characterized by low-low aggregation ( P <0.01), while the spatial clusterings of the second circle was not significant ( P >0.05). Conclusions The myopia prevention and control work in Chengdu has achieved preliminary results. It should continue to consolidate existing achievements and implement targeted myopia prevention and control measures based on regional characteristics.

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Objective To observe the value of self-made improved cone-beam CT(CBCT)fixation components for maxillofacial scanning.Methods CBCT fixation components(chin rest,temporal clamp)equipped by Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid dental panoramic X-ray system were modified to obtain improved CBCT fixation components,including improved chin rest,temporal clamp and occipital retention band.Totally 571 patients who underwent maxillofacial CBCT examinations for dental-related diseases were retrospectively enrolled,including 288 cases(group A)underwent scanning by a junior technician using original chin rest+original temporal clamp(component 1,n=78,A1 subgroup),modified chin rest+original temporal clamp(component 2,n=74,A2 subgroup),original chin rest+original temporal clamp+occipital retention band(component 3,n=68,A3 subgroup)or modified chin rest+original temporal clamp+occipital retention band(component 4,n=68,A4 subgroup),while the rest 283 cases(group B)underwent scanning by a senior using the above components,respectively,and were taken as B1(n=72),B2(n=69),B3(n=73)and B4(n=69)subgroups.The incidence of motion artifacts were compared among A2/B2,A3/B3,A4/B4 subgroups and A1/B1 subgroups.Results Compared with A1+B1 subgroups,the overall motion artifacts rate in A4+B4 subgroups decreased from 17.33％(26/150)to 8.03％(11/137)(P=0.019),while in A2+B2 subgroups(13.29％[19/143])and A3+B3 subgroups(9.93％[14/141])did not significantly decrease(P=0.337,0.067).In group A,no statistical difference of motion artifacts rate was found between A 2(17.57％[13/74])or A3(13.24％[9/68])subgroups and A1 subgroup(23.08％[18/78])(P=0.399,0.127),while the motion artifacts rate in A4 subgroup(10.29％[7/68])was lower than that in A1 subgroup(23.08％[18/78])(P=0.041).In group B,no significant difference of motion artifacts rates was found between B2,B3 or B4 subgroups(8.70％[6/69],6.85％[5/73],5.80％[4/69])and B1 subgroup(11.11％[8/72])(P=0.632,0.369,0.258).Conclusion Self-made improved CBCT fixation components could effectively secure patients' head and reduce motion artifacts in maxillofacial CBCT.

Objective:To explore the imaging characterization of mandibular third molar (M3) and mandibular second molar (M2) and their associated areas using cone beam CT (CBCT).Methods:A total of 226 images of patients with concomitant mandibular second and third molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Imaging of Nanjing Stomatology Hospital were selected to retrospectively analyze their clinical information and imaging manifestations from January 2020 to January 2024, and their clinical information and imaging performances were analyzed. Clinical information included patient′s age, gender, and chief complaint; dental tissues (crowns, roots) and periodontal tissues (periodontium, alveolar bone) of the mandibular second molar were evaluated based on their CBCT, and the position (high, medium, low), type of obstruction, dental tissues, periodontal tissues and bone margins of the alveolar bone between them, extent (concave, oblique, flat) and depth of bone defects, and periodontal membrane imaging changes of the mandibular third molars etc.Results:There were 104 cases of mandibular M2 and M3 as the main complaints and 122 cases of non-main complaints in this study. According to the imaging aspects, the mandibular M2 and M3 associated regions with abnormal CBCT imaging manifestations were mainly categorized into six sagittal representation phenotypes (types Ⅰ-Ⅵ); among them, middle-aged and elderly patients≥45 years of age more often showed abnormal imaging phenotypes (75%), and the peripheral bone defects were more severe. The correlation between the type and height of the mandibular M3 obstruction (high:medium:low=42∶110∶74) and the imaging typology of the mandibular M2 and M3 association regions was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The bone defects between mandibular M2 and M3 of the young patients≤25 years of age were predominantly of the oblique type of resorption (41/69 cases), and the least of the flat type (1/69 cases), whereas flat type could reached 27.8% in the middle-aged and elderly patients≥45 years of age, and the circumferential angle of the peripheral bone defects in the mandibular M2 and M3 regions showed strong correlation with age ( P<0.001), typology ( P<0.001), and the height of the obstruction ( P=0.004). The correlation between defect depth and obstruction height for the same fractal type was statistically significant in the age groups≤25 years and 26-44 years ( P≤25 years=0.0385, P26~44 years=0.032). There was a significant correlation between mandibular M3 with different types of obstruction, especially proximal-medial (34/43 cases) and horizontal obstruction (8/43 cases), and neighboring M2 suffering from caries ( P=0.004). The correlation between obstruction height (median 46.3%, low 50.0%) and M2 extra-root resorption (80 cases) was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusions:In this study, we explored the imaging characteristics of the mandibular M2 and M3 association region using CBCT, and established a six-type sagittal classification system for the M2 and M3 association area, providing a reproducible framework for the systematic assessment of the overall status of this region. Further analysis revealed that the incidence of radiographic abnormalities in the bone tissue of this area significantly increased with age. Concurrently, the study confirmed that the impaction status of mandibular M3 is associated with an elevated risk of dental and periodontal diseases affecting M2. These specific findings provide important insights into the pathological relationships within the mandibular M2\M3 region and support clinical decision-making.

Objective:To explore the imaging characterization of mandibular third molar (M3) and mandibular second molar (M2) and their associated areas using cone beam CT (CBCT).Methods:A total of 226 images of patients with concomitant mandibular second and third molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Imaging of Nanjing Stomatology Hospital were selected to retrospectively analyze their clinical information and imaging manifestations from January 2020 to January 2024, and their clinical information and imaging performances were analyzed. Clinical information included patient′s age, gender, and chief complaint; dental tissues (crowns, roots) and periodontal tissues (periodontium, alveolar bone) of the mandibular second molar were evaluated based on their CBCT, and the position (high, medium, low), type of obstruction, dental tissues, periodontal tissues and bone margins of the alveolar bone between them, extent (concave, oblique, flat) and depth of bone defects, and periodontal membrane imaging changes of the mandibular third molars etc.Results:There were 104 cases of mandibular M2 and M3 as the main complaints and 122 cases of non-main complaints in this study. According to the imaging aspects, the mandibular M2 and M3 associated regions with abnormal CBCT imaging manifestations were mainly categorized into six sagittal representation phenotypes (types Ⅰ-Ⅵ); among them, middle-aged and elderly patients≥45 years of age more often showed abnormal imaging phenotypes (75%), and the peripheral bone defects were more severe. The correlation between the type and height of the mandibular M3 obstruction (high:medium:low=42∶110∶74) and the imaging typology of the mandibular M2 and M3 association regions was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The bone defects between mandibular M2 and M3 of the young patients≤25 years of age were predominantly of the oblique type of resorption (41/69 cases), and the least of the flat type (1/69 cases), whereas flat type could reached 27.8% in the middle-aged and elderly patients≥45 years of age, and the circumferential angle of the peripheral bone defects in the mandibular M2 and M3 regions showed strong correlation with age ( P<0.001), typology ( P<0.001), and the height of the obstruction ( P=0.004). The correlation between defect depth and obstruction height for the same fractal type was statistically significant in the age groups≤25 years and 26-44 years ( P≤25 years=0.0385, P26~44 years=0.032). There was a significant correlation between mandibular M3 with different types of obstruction, especially proximal-medial (34/43 cases) and horizontal obstruction (8/43 cases), and neighboring M2 suffering from caries ( P=0.004). The correlation between obstruction height (median 46.3%, low 50.0%) and M2 extra-root resorption (80 cases) was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusions:In this study, we explored the imaging characteristics of the mandibular M2 and M3 association region using CBCT, and established a six-type sagittal classification system for the M2 and M3 association area, providing a reproducible framework for the systematic assessment of the overall status of this region. Further analysis revealed that the incidence of radiographic abnormalities in the bone tissue of this area significantly increased with age. Concurrently, the study confirmed that the impaction status of mandibular M3 is associated with an elevated risk of dental and periodontal diseases affecting M2. These specific findings provide important insights into the pathological relationships within the mandibular M2\M3 region and support clinical decision-making.

BACKGROUND:Berberine has the potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of various mesenchymal stem cells under normal conditions and special conditions such as high glucose,infection and inflammation.It is a natural small molecule drug that can induce bone formation in seed cells instead of growth factors,and has great application prospect in bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress in the osteogenic mechanism and efficacy of berberine,especially its osteogenic potential under high glucose,infection and inflammation conditions,and its biological safety,so as to provide theoretical basis for its development and application in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:PubMed,WanFang,and CNKI were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of"berberine,bone defects,bone repair,bone regeneration,osteoinductive,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone tissue engineering,bone,high glucose,diabetes,inflam*,infect*"in English and Chinese,respectively.A total of 105 literatures were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Berberine can be used to treat multiple diseases including bone diseases,and it has the ability to promote bone regeneration.This article systematically reviews the mechanism of berberine on bone regeneration and in vivo and in vitro studies.Studies have shown that it can play a role in bone repair by promoting osteogenesis,inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity,and preventing osteoporosis.It shows excellent osteogenic differentiation potential mainly via Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/AKT,EGFR/MEK/p38MAPK,cAMP/PKA/CREB,ERK and other signaling pathways.Berberine can also relieve the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation caused by high glucose,infection and inflammation,which provides more possibilities for the treatment of bone defects in patients with diabetes or infection and inflammation in the bone defect site.Berberine also has the advantages of low toxicity,low price,easy access(currently it can be synthesized),which is a relatively ideal bone induction potential drug.In recent years,the application of berberine in the treatment of bone defect tends to be localized,mainly through the combination with bone tissue engineering technology to improve bioavailability,and has shown good bone repair effect and excellent biological safety in animal experiments.In addition,preclinical experiments have shown splendid bone regeneration potential in the conditions of diabetes,local infection and inflammation.In the future,more studies are needed to fully reveal the osteogenic mechanism and biological safety of berberine,and seek the most suitable controlled release loading system to make artificial bone replacement materials with good mechanical strength,efficacy and biological safety.

Based on the characteristics of postoperative gynaecological diseases， Lingnan LUO's Gynaecology has summarized the idea of "eliminating abdominal mass to help pregnancy"， and applied the elimination method in the postoperative gynaecological treatment to promote rehabilitation， prevent recurrence， and regulate menstruation in a sequential manner， which is divided into three phases of diagnosis and treatment. The first stage of postoperative rehabilitation （2 weeks after surgery） is based on the pathogenesis of profuse deficiency， profuse stasis， and easy to retain pathogens， and the treatment should focus on tonifying the positive qi and eliminating abdominal mass at the same time， commonly used in modified Sijunzi Dcoction （四君子汤） and Shenghua Dcoction （生化汤）. In the second stage of postoperative rehabilitation （2 weeks to 2-3 months after surgery）， the pathogenesis is mainly kidney deficiency and blood stasis， which should be treated by tonifying kidney and supplement essence， eliminate blood stasis and eliminate abdominal mass， and commonly use the Guishen Pill （归肾丸） with herbs that invigorating blood， dissolving stasis， and clearing the collaterals. Postoperative sequential menstrual regulation and fertility promotion stage （after the end of the postoperative rehabilitation stage， the normal anatomy of the uterine cavity and pelvis is basically restored） adopts cyclic sequential therapy， according to the characteristics of the pathogenesis of the different periods of menstruation in phases， always tonifying kidney and regulating menstruation， eliminating abdominal mass， and attaches importance to the application of four methods of eliminating abdominal mass， including invigorating blood and dissolving stasis， moving qi to resolve constraint， dissolving phlegm and dispelling dampness， resolving accumulation and removing stagnation.

Objective: To compare the effect of different scanning parameters of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) on displaying trabecular microstructure in the anterior region of the mental foramen of the mandible, and to provide a basis for the rational selection of CBCT scanning parameters. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University. An in vitro study was conducted using CBCT (ProMax 3D Mid) to scan eight dry human mandibular specimens with five scanning protocols: Group A: 90 kV/6.3 mA, Group B: 90 kV/8.0 mA, Group C: 90 kV/10.0 mA, Group D: 75 kV/8.0 mA, and Group E: 60 kV/8.0 mA, resulting in a total of 40 CBCT images. Entrance surface dose (ESD) and computed tomography dose index (CTDI) under different scanning conditions were recorded. The original CBCT images were imported into the image analysis software (Hiscan Analyzer) to measure four trabecular bone microstructural parameters in the region of interest of the mandible: trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular space (Tb.Sp), and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV). A total of 108 CBCT images were retrospectively collected from clinical implant patients using any of the 90 kV/6.3 mA, 90 kV/8.0 mA, or 90 kV/10.0 mA scanning conditions, and the above four parameters of the region of interest of the mandible were also measured. SPSS 26.0 software was used to compare the differences in the four trabecular bone microstructural parameters between the CBCT images of the mandibular specimens in vitro and clinical patients in vivo. Results: The in vitro study results showed that reducing the tube voltage and tube current would lead to a decrease in the ESD and CTDI. When the tube voltage was maintained at 90 kV and the tube current was changed, BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Th values increased with the increase of tube current; Tb.Sp values decreased with the increase of tube current, but there was no statistically significant difference in the four bone morphological parameters (P > 0.05). When the tube current was maintained at 8.0 mA and the tube voltage was altered, BV/TV and Tb.N decreased with the increase of tube voltage, Tb.Sp values increased with the increase of tube voltage, and BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In clinical patients undergoing CBCT scanning, when the tube voltage was 90 kV and the tube current was different (6.3, 8.0, 10.0 mA), there was no statistically significant difference in the four bone morphological parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusions In this study, when the tube voltage was fixed at 90 kV, there was no difference in the trabecular microstructure of the anterior region of the mandible when the tube current was increased. When CBCT scanning of clinical patients needs to show the trabecular microstructure of the anterior region of the mandible, the tube current can be appropriately reduced to decrease the radiation dose received by the patient. Thus, it is recommended to use the parameters 90 kV and 6.3 mA for CBCT scanning.