Objective The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreaks in Nanjing between 2013 and 2023, in order to offer a scientific foundation for the prevention and management of foodborne diseases. Methods Gathering information on foodborne disease outbreaks in Nanjing from 2013 to 2023, conduct descriptive analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of outbreak events, including time distribution, location distribution, and pathogenic factor distribution. A comparison of the rates was conducted using a χ² test, with P<0.05 signifying statistical significance. Results Nanjing experienced 145 outbreaks of foodborne diseases. resulting in 21246 people being exposed, 2 488 affected and 3 fatalities from 2013 to 2023. The epidemic is primarily concentrated in the third quarter. There is a significant statistical difference in the incidence rate between different quarters (χ²=121.063, P<0.001). The number of events caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the highest, accounting for 23.45%. The identification rate of problematic foods is 67.59%, with meat and meat products being the most pathogenic (18.62%). The outbreak was mainly caused by improper storage and processing. The restaurants being the most common (41.38%). Conclusions Nanjing should focus on monitoring outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially in the third quarter; it is necessary to strengthen the health education of poisonous mushrooms; Nanjing should focus on the storage and processing of meat and meat products, and enhance food safety supervision in catering service venues, and improve on-site sampling and laboratory testing capabilities, thus drastically diminishing the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.

Objective: To analyze the space time characteristics of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu, in order to provide the reference for formulating myopia prevention and control policies for students. Methods: The data relating to poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were sourced from the Sichuan Students Physical Health Big Data Center. The districts and counties of Chengdu were divided into three circles, including the main urban area, suburban districts and counties, and suburban districts and counties. The Chi square test was used for inter group comparison, and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend of changes. Global and local Moran s I were used to analyze spatial clustering. Results: The detection rates of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were 62.47%, 61.61% and 60.78%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( Z=-32.01, P <0.01). For each year, the higher detection rate of poor vision among students was detected in the higher level of education, and differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=161 549.47, 173 471.87, 233 459.09, P <0.01). The rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students gradually decreased from the central districts and counties of Chengdu to the surrounding districts and counties for each year, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=299.20, 776.22, 633.16, P <0.01). The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the first circle of Chengdu City was mainly characterized by high-high agglomeration ( P <0.01), with the rate of poor vision among primary school students in Wuhou District in 2023 exhibiting a low-high anomaly. The third circle was mainly characterized by low-low aggregation ( P <0.01), while the spatial clusterings of the second circle was not significant ( P >0.05). Conclusions The myopia prevention and control work in Chengdu has achieved preliminary results. It should continue to consolidate existing achievements and implement targeted myopia prevention and control measures based on regional characteristics.

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Objective:To analyze the diagnostic value of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound and three-dimensional ultrasound volume imaging (3DVI) technology for intrauterine adhesions.Methods:A total of 120 suspected patients with intrauterine adhesions admitted to Beijing Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound and 3DVI technology examination, and the diagnostic value of vaginal two-dimensional ultrasound and 3DVI technology single examination and combined examination was compared based on the results of hysteroscopy examination as the gold standard; Comparison of ultrasound parameters between the intrauterine adhesions group and the non intrauterine adhesions group, as well as patients with different degrees of intrauterine adhesions [endometrial thickness (ED), endometrial volume (EV), vascular index (VI), blood flow index (FI), vascular comprehensive index (VFI)].Results:Among 120 suspected patients with intrauterine adhesions, 104 cases were positive in hysteroscopy examination, with a positive rate of 86.67%. Among them, 50 cases were mild, 36 cases were moderate, and 18 cases were severe. 76 cases were positive in vaginal two-dimensional ultrasound examination, with a positive rate of 63.33%; 79 cases were positive for 3DVI technology examination, with a positive rate of 65.83%; The combined examination results of vaginal two-dimensional ultrasound and 3DVI technology were positive in 87 cases, with a positive rate of 72.50%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of vaginal two-dimensional ultrasound examination were 68.27%, 68.75%, 93.42%, and 25.00%, respectively. The 3DVI technique examination was 73.08%, 81.25%, 96.20%, and 31.71%, respectively. The combined examination was 83.65%, 100.00%, 100.00%, and 48.48%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the combined examination were all higher than those of vaginal two-dimensional ultrasound examination (all P<0.05). 104 cases in the intrauterine adhesions group and 16 cases in the non intrauterine adhesions group; The ED, EV, VI, FI, and VFI of the intrauterine adhesions group were lower than those of the non intrauterine adhesions group (all P<0.05). The differences in ED, EV, and VI among patients with different degrees of intrauterine adhesions were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The ED, EV, and VI in the moderate group were lower than those in the mild group (all P<0.05), while the ED, EV, and VI in the severe group were lower than those in the mild and moderate groups (all P<0.05), and the FI was lower than those in the mild group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound combined with 3DVI technology has high diagnostic value for intrauterine adhesions and can be used to evaluate the degree of intrauterine adhesions.

Aim To explore the mechanism of oxidized lipoprotein(a)(oxLp(a))inducing pyroptosis of vascu-lar endothelial cells.Methods After incubating human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)with 100 mg/L ox-Lp(a)for 24 hours,Western blot and RT-qPCR was used to detect pyroptosis related proteins,pro-inflammatory cytokines,mitochondrial related proteins NRF1,NRF2,PGC-1α and mitochondrial gene cytochrome b(CYTB),ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors,scanning electron microscopy was used to detect cell membrane rup-ture,transmission electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial morphology,Hoechst33342/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis,MitoSOX probe was used to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS),Flu-4AM probe was used to detect calcium ions,JC-1 probe was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and Calcein AM staining was used to detect mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP).Transfecting HUVEC with CYTB overexpressing lentivirus and analyzing its effects on oxLp(a)induced pyroptosis and mitochondrial function.Results After treatment with oxLp(a),the expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,Caspase-1,GSDMD and GSDMD-N proteins re-lated to pyroptosis were significantly increased(P＜0.05);the protein and mRNA levels of CYTB and pro-inflammatory cy-tokine IL-1β,IL-18 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Small pores appeared on the cell membrane,the percentage of PI stained positive cells significantly increased(P＜0.05).OxLp(a)significantly inhibited the expression of mito-chondrial related proteins NRF1,NRF2 and PGC-1α,and the expression of mitochondrial gene CYTB,promoted an in-crease in mtROS generation,Ca2+overload,a decrease in ATP levels,a decrease in MMP,an increase in mPTP values,and abnormal mitochondrial morphology.After transfection with pHelper 2.0 lentivirus vector overexpressing CYTB,it was found that oxLp(a)induced HUVEC pyroptosis and mitochondrial morphological and functional abnormalities were par-tially reversed by overexpression of CYTB.Conclusion oxLp(a)promotes mitochondrial morphological and functional abnormalities and induces HUVEC pyroptosis by downregulating CYTB.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive value of prognostic nutritional index(PNI) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio(LMR) in severe radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis(RIOM) during treatment of patients with head and neck cancer,and to construct a risk prediction model and test the prediction effect. METHODS A total of 502 patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy were recruited from September 2021 to October 2023 in Xiangya Hospital Central South University. The participants were randomly divided into training group and validation group at a ratio of 7:3. According to whether severe RIOM occurred,they were divided into severe RIOM group and non-severe RIOM group. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors of severe RIOM. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate its prediction effect and R4.3.2 software was used to draw nomograms and decision curve. RESULTS The risk prediction model for patients with head and neck cancer during treatment had five factors,including the number of comorbidities(OR=2.221,95％CI=1.185-4.165),surgical history(OR=2.938,95％CI=1.393-6.198),the degree of tumor differentiation(OR=1.511,95％CI=1.090-2.094),PNI(OR=0.892,95％CI=0.852-0.934),LMR(OR=0.512,95％CI=0.254-1.030). Model formula:Y=2.102+0.413×degree of differentiation+0.798×number of comorbidities+1.078×surgical history-0.114×PNI-0.669×LMR. The validation results of the prediction model showed that the area under the ROC curve of the training group was 0.847(P<0.001),the area under the curve of the validation group was 0.808(P<0.001),and the P values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the modeling group and the validation group were both greater than 0.05. The decision curve was above the reference line within most of the high-risk thresholds. CONCLUSION The risk prediction model constructed in this study has good effect,which can predict the risk of severe RIOM during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer,providing the reference for taking preventive intervention measures for high-risk patients.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and severity of symptoms and to construct symptom networks in head and neck cancer patients during treatment to identify core symptoms and symptom clusters.Methods 366 patients who were hospitalized in 3 tertiary hospitals in Changsha were selected using convenience sampling from March to October 2022 and asked to complete the M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head & Neck.Exploratory factors analysis was used to extract the symptom clusters,and R packages were used to construct the symptom severity network and symptom clusters network.The centrality indexes of the networks,including strength,closeness,and betweenness,were analyzed to identify core symptoms and core symptom cluster.Results The most common symptoms in head and neck cancer patients during treatment were dry mouth(93.44％),fatigue(89.07％),loss of appetite(86.34％),and difficulty swallowing or chewing(85.79％),and the most severe symptoms were dry mouth,loss of appetite,oral or pharyngeal mucus,and difficulty swallowing or chewing.4 symptom clusters were extracted,namely oral-pharyngeal,gastrointestinal,emotional-sleep,and sickness-sensing behavioral,which could explain 67.415％of the total variance.In the symptom severity network,oral or pharyngeal mucus(rs=9.60)was a symptom with the highest strength.In the symptom clusters network,oral or pharyngeal mucus(rs=1.20),nausea(rs=1.00),fatigue(rs=1.10),and drowsiness(rs=0.97)were the symptoms with the highest strength across 4 symptom clusters.Conclusion Oral or pharyngeal mucus,nausea,fatigue,and drowsiness are the core symptoms of symptom clusters in head and neck cancer patients during treatment.Oral-pharyngeal symptom cluster is the core symptom cluster.It is recommended that clinical staff should develop interventions based on the core symptoms and symptom cluster to implement precise symptom management and improve symptom management efficiency.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion and their regulatory effects of levels of peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells.Methods Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,FMRS,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of science and other databases were carried out.RCTS related to the regulation of Th17 and Treg cells by TCM in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion,published from the establishment of the database to June 2023 were screened.Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the literature according to the Cochrane handbook.RevMan5.4 software was used for Meta-Analysis.Results A total of 10 studies that involved 1 052 patients were included.The Meta-Analysis results showed that compared to the control group,the effective rate[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.11,1.30),P＜0.000 01],live birth rate[RR=1.32,95%CI(1.16,1.50),P＜0.000 01]and the reduction of adverse drug reactions[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.14,0.83),P=0.02]were significantly improved by the intervention of TCM.After treatment with TCM,the expression of Th17 cells was decreased[MD=-0.71,95%CI(-1.01,-0.41),P＜0.000 01],and the expression of Treg cells was increased[SMD=1.21,95%CI(0.80,1.62),P＜0.000 01].The ratio of Th17/Treg cells was decreased[SMD=-2.62,95%CI(-4.09,-1.14),P=0.000 5].Conclusion TCM used for post-pregnancy or before and after pregnancy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and live birth rate of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion,wihch showed high safety.Moreover,TCM can reduce the expression of Th17 cells,up-regulate the expression of Treg cells and regulate the immune balance of Th17/Treg cells,which is conducive to embryonic development after pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the longitudinal association between alcohol abstinence and accelerated biological aging among middle-aged and older adults and to explore the potential effect modifiers influencing the association.Methods Utilizing the clinico-biochemical and anthropometric data from the baseline and first repeat survey of the UK Biobank(UKB),we employed the Klemera and Doubal method(KDM)to construct the biological age(BA)and calculate BA acceleration.Change analysis based on multivariate linear regression models was employed to explore the association between changes in alcohol abstinence and changes in BA acceleration.Age,sex,smoking status,tea and coffee consumption,and body mass index were considered as the stratification factors for conducting stratified analysis.Results A total of 5 412 participants were included.Short-term alcohol abstinence(β=1.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.15-1.86)was found to accelerate biological aging when compared to consistent never drinking,while long-term abstinence(β=-0.20,95%CI:-1.12-0.71)did not result in a significant acceleration of biological aging.Body mass index may be a potential effect modifier.Conclusion Short-term alcohol abstinence was associated with accelerated biological aging,but the effect gradually diminishes over extended periods of abstinence.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. It is urgent to develop new drugs to improve the prognosis of ESCC patients. Here, we found benzydamine, a locally acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, had potent cytotoxic effect on ESCC cells. Benzydamine could suppress ESCC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In terms of mechanism, CDK2 was identified as a target of benzydamine by molecular docking, pull-down assay and in vitro kinase assay. Specifically, benzydamine inhibited the growth of ESCC cells by inhibiting CDK2 activity and affecting downstream phosphorylation of MCM2, c-Myc and Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Our study illustrates that benzydamine inhibits the growth of ESCC cells by downregulating the CDK2 pathway.
Humans ; Benzydamine ; Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/drug therapy* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphorylation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2