This paper reviews the current situation of massive open online course (MOOC) construction both domestically and internationally, highlighting the similarities, differences, and limitations of MOOC construction across nations. Based on the full-cycle MOOC construction of the "clinical epidemiology" course at Southern Medical University, including course design, resource integration, online deployment, and teaching evaluation, this study explored the significance, implementation path, and challenges of MOOC construction. This paper also reflects on the activation of teaching content, teacher-student interaction, and teaching mode, aiming to provide a reference for the construction and continuous enhancement of MOOC in China.

This paper reviews the current situation of massive open online course (MOOC) construction both domestically and internationally, highlighting the similarities, differences, and limitations of MOOC construction across nations. Based on the full-cycle MOOC construction of the "clinical epidemiology" course at Southern Medical University, including course design, resource integration, online deployment, and teaching evaluation, this study explored the significance, implementation path, and challenges of MOOC construction. This paper also reflects on the activation of teaching content, teacher-student interaction, and teaching mode, aiming to provide a reference for the construction and continuous enhancement of MOOC in China.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lifestyle, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, and their interaction on the risk for cognitive frailty in the elderly population in China.Methods:The study participants were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The information about their lifestyles were collected by questionnaire survey, and a weighted lifestyle score was constructed based on β coefficients associated with specific lifestyles to assess the combined lifestyle. ApoE genotypes were assessed by rs429358 and rs7412 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cognitive frailty was assessed based on cognitive function and physical frailty. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of lifestyle and ApoE gene with the risk for cognitive frailty and evaluate the multiplicative and additive interactions between lifestyle and ApoE gene. Results:A total of 5 676 elderly persons, with median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 76 (68, 85) years, were included, in whom 615 had cognitive frailty. The analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that moderate and high levels of dietary diversity could reduce the risk for cognitive frailty by 18% [hazard ratio ( HR)=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-1.00] and 28% ( HR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.91), respectively; moderate and high levels of physical activity could reduce the risk by 31% ( HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85) and 23% ( HR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.93), respectively. Healthy lifestyle was associated with a 40% reduced risk for cognitive frailty ( HR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.46-0.78). ApoE ε4 allele was associated with a 26% increased risk for cognitive frailty ( HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56). No multiplicative or additive interactions were found between lifestyle and ApoE gene. Conclusions:Dietary diversity and regular physical activity have protective effects against cognitive frailty in elderly population. Healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk for cognitive frailty in elderly population regardless of ApoE ε4 allele carriage status.

Objective:To explore the relationship between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and frailty in the elderly aged ≥65 years in 8 longevity areas in China.Methods:Participants were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study. Based on baseline information about blood urea nitrogen and risk for frailty obtained at follow-up of the participants, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio was classified according to quintiles, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and frailty.Results:A total of 1 562 participants aged (81.0±17.0) years were included, in whom 814 (52.1%) were men, and 258 frailty events occurred during a mean follow-up of (3.73±1.43) years. Cox proportional hazards model showed that after adjusting for relevant confounders, compared with the participants in the lowest quintile group ( Q1), the risk for frailty decreased by 36%, 44%, and 40% in the participants in the third quintile group ( Q3), the fourth quintile group ( Q4) and the highest quintile group ( Q5) respectively [hazard ratio ( HR)=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94; HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.84; HR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.88]. The risk for frailty decreased by 20% for every unit standard deviation increase in blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio ( HR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.91). Moreover, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and the risk for frailty showed a nearly linear dose-response relationship. Conclusions:The increase in blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio was associated with higher risk for frailty. Maintaining high blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio is important for the prevention of frailty in the elderly.

In regard to the quality of diet, which directly affects the health of junior athletes,attention should be paid to the following points: 1) Their calorie requirements should be planned according to energy consumption. Weshould particularly increase the young gymnasts' calorie intake. 2) The percentage of fat in diet, in terms of calories. should not exceed 30, while thatof carbohydrates should be raised to a minimum of 50. 3) For those who go to school in the morning and train in the afternoon, the distributionof calorie intake may be 25% for breakfast, 40-45% for lunch and 30-35% for supper. 4) The intake of protein should be increased for junior gymnasts. 5) Vitaminization over a period of three weeks has proved to be remarkably effectivein overcoming the symptoms of lack of vitamins and increasing one's dark adaptability. 6) Efforts should be made to improve cooking and food management. spread knowledgeof nutrition and raise dietary quality.