BACKGROUND:Bone microenvironment is also rich in various immune cells and cytokines,which are closely related to bone cells and form an interactive network.Therefore,bone aging is not only caused by the senescence of osteocytes,but also accelerated by age-related changes in the immune system.OBJECTIVE:To review the age-related changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and immune cells in the bone microenvironment,emphasize the key role of the immune microenvironment in bone aging,and the potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of bone aging.METHODS:We searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles on the interaction between bone cell senescence and immune cell senescence using"osteocytes,bone aging,immune microenvironment,immune cells,cytokines,immunosenescence,immunotherapy"as Chinese and English search terms.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,128 articles were finally included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone aging is a common pathological condition in the elderly,characterized by the interaction of multiple biological processes,among which immune factors play a key role.The cells,molecules,and signaling pathways in the immune microenvironment together constitute a complex network,and the imbalance of this network will accelerate the process of bone aging.The combination of anti-cellular aging and immunotherapy may bring new methods for the treatment of bone aging diseases,including the removal of senescent cells,targeted drugs for senescence-related secretory phenotypes,targeted therapy of inflammatory cytokines,immune cell regulation therapy,stem cell therapy,and molecular therapy.To more effectively and reasonably remove senescent cells,a deeper understanding of the mechanism of senescent cells is needed,which will help to identify senescent cells more accurately.Immunotherapy shows great potential and prospects in the treatment of bone aging,but there are some potential risks.It is believed that with the advancement of science and technology,people can more accurately understand the genetic information and immune status of the human body and develop more personalized immunotherapy plans.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) in training newly hired nurses′comprehensive emergency competence and to provide references for enhancing their capabilities.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposeful sampling. From September to December 2022, newly hired nurses at Liaocheng Second People′s Hospital were selected as research subjects and randomly assigned to a controlor an observation group using random number table. The control group received traditional group drill training, while the observation group underwent RCDP training. The study compared pre- and post-training scores of emergency theory and skill assessments, scores on the Chinese version of the Perceived Cognitive Ability Scale in Emergency Situations (PCAS), and training satisfaction levels between the two groups.Results:Each group comprised 30 nurses. The control group consisted of 3 males and 27 females, with a mean age of (22.70 ± 1.09) years; the observation group included 2 males and 28 females, with a mean age of (22.93 ± 0.87) years. Post-training comprehensive emergency competence assessment scores was (89.19 ± 1.47) in the control group and (93.00 ± 1.41) in the observation group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = - 4.60, P<0.01). The scores and total scores of PCAS in the observation group were (34.23 ± 1.91), (12.70 ± 1.62), (10.03 ± 1.52) and (56.97 ± 3.09), respectively, which were higher than the (31.70 ± 2.42), (11.90 ± 1.16), (9.10 ± 1.42), and (52.47 ± 3.65) in the control group, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( t value were - 5.16 - - 2.20, all P<0.05). The total score of training satisfaction of nurses in the observation group was (41.93 ± 2.53) points, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the (33.80 ± 2.58) pointsin the control group ( t = - 12.33, P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of the RCDP method in training newly recruited nurses′comprehensive emergency competence effectively enhances their learning enthusiasm and initiative, thereby improving training outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Bone microenvironment is also rich in various immune cells and cytokines,which are closely related to bone cells and form an interactive network.Therefore,bone aging is not only caused by the senescence of osteocytes,but also accelerated by age-related changes in the immune system.OBJECTIVE:To review the age-related changes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and immune cells in the bone microenvironment,emphasize the key role of the immune microenvironment in bone aging,and the potential of immunotherapy in the treatment of bone aging.METHODS:We searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles on the interaction between bone cell senescence and immune cell senescence using"osteocytes,bone aging,immune microenvironment,immune cells,cytokines,immunosenescence,immunotherapy"as Chinese and English search terms.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,128 articles were finally included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone aging is a common pathological condition in the elderly,characterized by the interaction of multiple biological processes,among which immune factors play a key role.The cells,molecules,and signaling pathways in the immune microenvironment together constitute a complex network,and the imbalance of this network will accelerate the process of bone aging.The combination of anti-cellular aging and immunotherapy may bring new methods for the treatment of bone aging diseases,including the removal of senescent cells,targeted drugs for senescence-related secretory phenotypes,targeted therapy of inflammatory cytokines,immune cell regulation therapy,stem cell therapy,and molecular therapy.To more effectively and reasonably remove senescent cells,a deeper understanding of the mechanism of senescent cells is needed,which will help to identify senescent cells more accurately.Immunotherapy shows great potential and prospects in the treatment of bone aging,but there are some potential risks.It is believed that with the advancement of science and technology,people can more accurately understand the genetic information and immune status of the human body and develop more personalized immunotherapy plans.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) in training newly hired nurses′comprehensive emergency competence and to provide references for enhancing their capabilities.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposeful sampling. From September to December 2022, newly hired nurses at Liaocheng Second People′s Hospital were selected as research subjects and randomly assigned to a controlor an observation group using random number table. The control group received traditional group drill training, while the observation group underwent RCDP training. The study compared pre- and post-training scores of emergency theory and skill assessments, scores on the Chinese version of the Perceived Cognitive Ability Scale in Emergency Situations (PCAS), and training satisfaction levels between the two groups.Results:Each group comprised 30 nurses. The control group consisted of 3 males and 27 females, with a mean age of (22.70 ± 1.09) years; the observation group included 2 males and 28 females, with a mean age of (22.93 ± 0.87) years. Post-training comprehensive emergency competence assessment scores was (89.19 ± 1.47) in the control group and (93.00 ± 1.41) in the observation group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = - 4.60, P<0.01). The scores and total scores of PCAS in the observation group were (34.23 ± 1.91), (12.70 ± 1.62), (10.03 ± 1.52) and (56.97 ± 3.09), respectively, which were higher than the (31.70 ± 2.42), (11.90 ± 1.16), (9.10 ± 1.42), and (52.47 ± 3.65) in the control group, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( t value were - 5.16 - - 2.20, all P<0.05). The total score of training satisfaction of nurses in the observation group was (41.93 ± 2.53) points, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the (33.80 ± 2.58) pointsin the control group ( t = - 12.33, P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of the RCDP method in training newly recruited nurses′comprehensive emergency competence effectively enhances their learning enthusiasm and initiative, thereby improving training outcomes.

Objective To explore the comparative application of phase and diaphragmatic navigation in three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(3D-MRCP)thin-layer scanning in elderly patients.Methods A total of 180 elderly patients were scanned by phase and diaphragmatic navigation via Siemens Aera1.5T superconducting MR scanner.The acquired images were reconstructed by 3D reconstruction.The anatomical structure,image quality and disease diagnosis were compared between the phase and diaphragmatic navigation groups.Results In liver of anatomy,the liver of primary bile duct,the superior,middle and inferior extrahepatic bile duct and the gallbladder could be well displayed,and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups(P＞0.05).The display of pancreatic duct and the liver of secondary bile duct of diaphragmatic navigation was significantly better than those of phase navigation(P＜0.05).In terms of image quality,the excellent rate of diaphragmatic navigation was significantly higher than that of phase navigation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pancreatobiliary system diseases,the diagnostic rate of cholelithiasis,common bile duct stones,common bile duct dilatation and pancreatic duct dilatation between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Diaphragmatic navigation is signifi-cantly better than phase navigation in the display of the anatomical structure of the pancreatic duct,the liver of secondary bile duct,and the excellent rate of image quality.Diaphragmatic navigation is more suitable for thin-layer 3D-MRCP scanning in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of icariin on apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)by regulating stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4(CXCR4)signal axis.Methods Granular cells successfully isolated from ovarian tissue of rats in the PCOS model group were grouped into the PCOS group,the low-dose icariin group,the medium-dose icariin group,the high-dose icariin group,the Rr-SDF-1 group and the high-dose icariin+Rr-SDF-1 group.Granular cells successfully isolated from ovarian tissue of rats in the normal control group were taken as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),testosterone(T)and luteinizing hormone(LH)in supernatant of ovarian granulosa cells.CCK-8 method and EdU staining were applied to detect granulosa cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was applied to detect granulosa cell apoptosis.Western blot assay was applied to detect the expression of Bcl-2 associated X(Bax),Cleaved aspartate-specific cysteine protease-3(Cleaved Caspase-3),SDF-1,and CXCR4 proteins in granulosa cells.Results Compared with the control group,the FSH level,OD450 value and EdU positive cell rate were decreased in the PCOS group,and T and LH levels,apoptosis rate,Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,SDF-1 and CXCR4 protein expression increased(P＜0.05).Compared with PCOS group,the FSH level,OD450 value and EdU positive cell rate were increased sequentially in the icariin low,medium and high dose groups,T and LH levels,apoptosis rate,Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,SDF-1 and CXCR4 protein expression levels were decreased sequentially,and change trends of corresponding indicators were opposite to the above in the Rr-SDF-1 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the high-dose icariin group,FSH level,OD450 value and EdU positive cell rate were decreased in the high-dose icariin+Rr-SDF-1 group,and T and LH levels,apoptosis rate,Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,SDF-1 and CXCR4 protein expression levels were increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Icariin may inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS rats by inhibiting the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

As a limiting factor in telomerase activity,telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)controls cellular senescence and apoptosis by maintaining telomere length.TERT is not expressed or little expressed in most normal cells.However,the abnormal overexpression of TERT promotes the ability of tumor cells to replicate indefinitely.This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of TERT expression,including the main transcription factor families,single nucleotide polymorphism sites,and epigenetic modification changes such as DNA methylation,histone modification,and non-coding RNA.The role of these molecular mechanisms as well as significant TERT single-base variants and virus integration variants in the occurrence and development of cancer are reviewed.On this basis,its application in tumor diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.

Upper respiratory tract is directly connected with the external environment， and its natural immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. In antiviral infection， interferon （IFN） is the main component of the antiviral natural immune system and IFN-λ is a newly discovered immune effector molecule that is mainly produced in the mucosal barrier. IFN-λ exerts a biological role through Janus kinase （JAK） and signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathway， and plays an important part in regulating innate and acquired immunity of respiratory mucosa. IFN-λ principally expresses on the mucosal barrier with a long-lasting antiviral impact and controls immune-inflammatory damage， which is becoming a new focus of antiviral immunity research in the upper respiratory tract， especially in fighting against 2019 novel coronavirus diseases （COVID-19）. Thus， we summarize the research progress of IFN-λ antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract to provide new insight in the prevention and treatment of viral infection in the upper respiratory tract.

Malignant tumors can be classified into three categories， rapidly progressing tumors， slowly progressing tumors， and "indolent" tumors. Rapidly progressing tumors （such as liver cancer， pancreatic cancer， and cholangiocarcinoma） have acute onset， shorter time duration from onset to death， and poorer treatment effects， which warrants primary prevention. Slowly progressing tumors （such as lung cancer， colorectal cancer， breast cancer， and gastric cancer） have slow onset， clear precancerous lesions， longer time duration from onset to death， and better therapeutic effects， which is accordingly suitable for secondary prevention. “Indolent” tumors （such as prostate and thyroid cancer） do not affect the life expectancy and are suitable for tertiary prevention. Early screening of “indolent” tumors may lead to overtreatment. Furthermore， early screening of rapidly progressing tumors is difficult to identify early cancers， which results in low cost-effectiveness. In contrast， for slowly progressing tumors suitable for secondary prevention， early screening may have cost-effectiveness， though there might be over-diagnosis. It is crucial to adopt appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for diverse types of tumors. Currently， large-scale cohort studies and randomized controlled clinical trials with complete follow-up may accurately evaluate the effect of cancer prevention strategies. This review discusses the significance of screening in precision prevention of tumors based on the characteristics of tumor progression and patients’ prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the related factors of hypertension and comorbid hypertension-diabetes mellitus （HT-DM） among rural residents in Shanghai， China. MethodsA total of 2 159 residents over 35 years old were randomly selected from a rural community in the suburbs of Shanghai through cluster random sampling. Their basic sociological characteristics and blood lipid levels were investigated. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between hypertension （or HT-DM） and gender， age， education levels， marital status， original household registration and current household registration. The relationship between hypertension （or HT-DM） and blood lipid level was analyzed by a conditional logistic regression model. ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 26.35% and that of HT-DM was 4.68% in the study population. Chi-square test analysis showed that hypertension was significantly associated with age， marital status， educational level， and rural household registration， while HT-DM was significantly associated with age， educational level， and rural household registration. Chi-square trend analysis indicated that the prevalence of hypertension and HT-DM increased with age in both male and female populations （χ²=129.82， 193.04，both P<0.001， and χ²=9.29， 40.57， both P<0.01）. The unconditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and higher level of triglyceride （TG） were associated with an increased the risk of hypertension by 2.79 times and 2.06 times， respectively. The lower level of HDL-C increased risk of HT-DM by 4.21 times. ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in the rural population in Shanghai is relatively high. Age， education level， rural household registration and HDL-C are common related factors of hypertension and HT-DM.