Collagen contains abundant cell binding motifs, which are conducive to adhesion, migration, and differentiation, maintain cell vitality and promote cell proliferation. However, pure collagen hydrogel has some shortcomings such as poor mechanical properties, poor thermal stability and fast degradation. Numerous studies have shown that the properties of collagen can be improved by combining it with natural polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and cellulose. In this paper, the research status and biological application fields of four kinds of composite hydrogels, including collagen-alginate composite hydrogels, collagen-chitosan hydrogels, collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels and collagen-cellulose hydrogels, were summarized. The common preparation methods of four kinds of composite hydrogels were introduced, and the future development direction of collagen-based composite hydrogels was prospected.
Hydrogels/chemical synthesis* ; Collagen/chemistry* ; Polysaccharides/chemistry* ; Alginates/chemistry* ; Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry* ; Chitosan/chemistry* ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Cellulose/chemistry* ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To explore the performance of domestic and international large language models(LLMs)in the context of ques-tion banks for clinical examination knowledge.Methods The performance of six domestic or international LLMs,in the question banks with a set of 330 questions for intermediate-level of clinical medical laboratory technology were assessed.The differences in accuracy and consistency among the different LLMs were evaluated using chi-square tests,Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression.Results The accuracy results for the four English LLMs along with 95％confidence intervals(95％CI)were as follows:the accuracy rates of ChatGPT,BingAI,Claude and GPT-4 were demonstrated as 0.56(95％CI:0.527-0.601),0.61(95％CI:0.572-0.644),0.64(95％CI:0.607-0.678)and 0.80(95％CI:0.767-0.833)respectively,while the performance of Xinghuo and Tiangong yielded accuracy rates of 0.52(95％CI:0.479-0.561)and 0.45(95％CI:0.408-0.482)respectively.Using ChatGPT as the reference model,we found that the odds ratios(OR)of correct answers of BingAI,Claude and GPT-4 were 1.272(95％CI:1.020-1.588),1.397(95％CI:1.119-1.743)and 3.270(95％CI:1.904-2.729)respectively.The differences of LLMs performance were statistically significant(P＜0.05)for all the three models.In terms of consistency,Tiangong and BingAI showed poor consistency,while GPT-4 appeared better.Conclusion A-mong the six LLMs,GPT-4 demonstrated the highest overall accuracy and consistency in each question category.

Objective : To explore the influence and mechanism of different types of proteins on the corrosion resistance of alloy to provide a reference for the safe application and surface modification of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) and stainless steel bow wires in the clinic. Methods: The effects of fibrinogen, IgG and mucin on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti and stainless steel arch wires were tested by the potentiodynamic polarization method, and the repair ability of passive films on surfaces treated with the three proteins were tested by the cyclic polarization method. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to determine the types of corrosion products, and the surface morphology after corrosion was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results : The addition of fibrinogen, IgG or mucin to an alloy has different effects on its corrosion resistance. Adding protein can reduce the corrosion resistance of stainless steel alloys and slow the corrosion process of Ni-Ti alloys. The addition of mucin can improve the corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti alloy and the repair ability of passive film. Compared with mucin and IgG, fibrinogen can reduce the pitting resistance of Ni-Ti and stainless steel alloys. Conclusion Different types of proteins interact differently with the arch wire, form different deposition morphologies on the surface, and participate differently in the corrosion process of the alloy.

To investigate the experience and efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) through total areola approach.
 Methods: A total of 117 PTMC patients, who were diagnosed pathologically in Minimally Invasive Surgical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from June 2016 to December 2017, were divided into a endoscopic surgery group (n=72) and an open surgery group (n=45). The number of dissected central lymph nodes, blood loss, amount of drainage, occurrence of postoperative complication and recurrence were collected and compared.
 Results: Compared with the open surgery group, the blood loss was less and the operative time was longer in the endoscopic surgery group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the number of dissected central lymph nodes, amount of drainage and occurrence of postoperative complication (all P>0.05). The mean follow-up time was more than 20 months, and there was no recurrence in the 2 groups. 
 Conclusion: Endoscopic thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection through total areola approach is safe and feasible in patients with PTMC. It has many advantages, such as no scar on neck, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay and more acceptable to young patients.
Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nipples ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy

Objective: To investigate the expression of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell (SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). Methods: A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC (n=46) and AC (n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were detected by Envison™ immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were analyzed. Results: In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0%) and 28 (60.9%) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8%) cases showed syndecan-1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8%) showed syndecan-2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 between SC/ASC and AC groups (P>0.05 for all). The levels of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients (P<0.05 for all). However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients (P<0.05 for all). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression (P<0.01 for all). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion The syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Objective To investigate the expression of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell ( SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma ( ASC) and adenocarcinoma ( AC) . Methods A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC ( n=46) and AC ( n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were detected by EnvisonTM immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were analyzed. Results In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0％) and 28 (60.9％) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8％) cases showed syndecan?1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8％) showed syndecan?2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 between SC/ASC and AC groups ( P>0. 05 for all ) . The levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients ( P<0.05 for all) . The Kaplan?Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression ( P<0.01 for all) . Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . Conclusion The syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Objective To investigate the expression of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 and their clinicopathological significance in patients with gallbladder squamous cell ( SC)/adenosquamous carcinoma ( ASC) and adenocarcinoma ( AC) . Methods A total of 126 patients with SC/ASC ( n=46) and AC ( n=80) were included in this study. The expression levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were detected by EnvisonTM immunohistochemistry assay. The clinical and prognostic significance of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were analyzed. Results In the 46 SC/ASC samples, syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were positively expressed in 29 (63.0％) and 28 (60.9％) tumor tissues, respectively. (Positive expression was defined based on the staining in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. That is to say, the tissue which adenocarcinoma part was positively stained, but squamous cell carcinoma part was negatively stained is also regarded as negative.) In the 80 AC samples, 47 (58.8％) cases showed syndecan?1 positive expression, and 51 (63.8％) showed syndecan?2 positive expression. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 between SC/ASC and AC groups ( P>0. 05 for all ) . The levels of syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 were associated with tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in SC/ASC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . However, their expression was associated with tumor differentiation, tumor size, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue, and surgical procedures in AC patients ( P<0.05 for all) . The Kaplan?Meier survival analysis of SC/ASC and AC patients revealed that the average survival time for patients with positive syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression was significantly shorter than that of those with negative expression ( P<0.01 for all) . Cox multivariate analysis indicated that syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for SC/ASC and AC patients ( P<0. 05 for all ) . Conclusion The syndecan?1 and syndecan?2 expression are associated with the tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder SC/ASC and AC.

Humans ; Serum ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Sulpiride ; blood

Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative determination of glyphosate in serum using ultraviolet spectro-photometry(UV) to provide basis for clinical diagnosing and treating glyphosate poisoning .Methods The mixture of 0 .5 mL serum and 0 .2 mL 10% methanol solution of perchloric acid was shocked and centrifuged with 10 000 r/min for 5 min .A nitrosyla-tion reaction conducted on supernatant and 50 μL serum nitrosylation liquid was detected by UV scanning .Results The results of serum theophylline absorption maxima was(243 ± l) nm and the concentration of 10 .0-60 .0 μg/mL range linear regression equa-tion was Y=0 .0173 8X+0 .036 3(r= 0 .999 8) .The recovery rate was from 85 .5% to 102 .4% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was from 3 .50% to 4 .90% .The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3 .79% -5 .10% and 3 .88% -4 .55% .The minimum de-tectable concentration was 5μg/mL .Conclusion This method is simple ,rapid and accurate results for detecting glyphosate poison-ing .

Objective To discuss the clinical treatment of unstable dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint with clavicle hook plates. Methods From April 2005 to October 2007, 19 cases of unstable dislo-cation of stemoclavicular joint were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by clavicle hook plates. There were 17 cases of Grade type Ⅲ and 2 cases of Grade type Ⅱ. After open reduction and internal fixation, all patients received arthroplasty and repair of eostoclavicular and sternoclavicular ligaments. Results None had intraoperative injury to nerves and blood vessels. Follow-ups from 6 to 24 (mean, 8) months showed 16 excellent cases, 2 good cases and 1 fair case by Roekwood criteria, the good to excellent rate being 94.7%. The healing duration lasted 3 to 6 (averaging 4) weeks. No infection, sliding or loosening of internal fixation, nonunion or re-dislocation was found postoperatively. Conclusion The clavicle hook plate is an effective and advanced surgical treatment of sternoclavieular joint injuries, because its easy and mini-invasive operation can provide sturdy fixation and lead to good functional recovery.