Standardised emergency management protocols for hand injury in microsurgery is critical, as it directly determines ultimate clinical outcomes. This consensus consolidates expert insights regarding diagnostic and treatment procedure for hand injury in microsurgery, emergency support protocols and key points of emergency workflow optimisation. It summarises the opinions of experts and puts forward standardised recommendations to guide clinical practice in microsurgical treatment process, so as to further improve the quality of treatment for hand injury in microsurgery and maximise the protection of limb function and quality of life of patients.

Standardised emergency management protocols for hand injury in microsurgery is critical, as it directly determines ultimate clinical outcomes. This consensus consolidates expert insights regarding diagnostic and treatment procedure for hand injury in microsurgery, emergency support protocols and key points of emergency workflow optimisation. It summarises the opinions of experts and puts forward standardised recommendations to guide clinical practice in microsurgical treatment process, so as to further improve the quality of treatment for hand injury in microsurgery and maximise the protection of limb function and quality of life of patients.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) has become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine and stem cells in recent years because of its rich stock, easy access and low immunogenicity. ADSC can regulate immune system not only directly by interacting with immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages and B cells, but also indirectly via secreting soluble cytokines, such as interleukin (IL), growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Meanwhile, the immunomodulatory effects of ADSC have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments and applied to treat various of immune-related diseases with good results, such as systemic scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis, etc. In this article, the direct and indirect immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC are described, its research direction and application prospect are also prospected.

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical disease. Traditional treatments include drug therapy, microsurgery and autologous nerve transplantation. Drug therapy is not effective due to the poor con-centration of local drugs. Surgical method are limited by the length of the nerve defect and the lack of nerve donor sites. In addition, surgery is still tissue repair. With the progress of tissue engineering and stem cell research, tissue engineering combined with stem cells for nerve regeneration and repair has become a current research hotspot. Therefore, this paper reviews the process of peripheral nerve repair after injury, the mechanism and the progress of peripheral nerve repair based on adipose stem cells in the past five years.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) has become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine and stem cells in recent years because of its rich stock, easy access and low immunogenicity. ADSC can regulate immune system not only directly by interacting with immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages and B cells, but also indirectly via secreting soluble cytokines, such as interleukin (IL), growth factors and extracellular vesicles. Meanwhile, the immunomodulatory effects of ADSC have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments and applied to treat various of immune-related diseases with good results, such as systemic scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus and atopic dermatitis, etc. In this article, the direct and indirect immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of ADSC are described, its research direction and application prospect are also prospected.

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical disease. Traditional treatments include drug therapy, microsurgery and autologous nerve transplantation. Drug therapy is not effective due to the poor con-centration of local drugs. Surgical method are limited by the length of the nerve defect and the lack of nerve donor sites. In addition, surgery is still tissue repair. With the progress of tissue engineering and stem cell research, tissue engineering combined with stem cells for nerve regeneration and repair has become a current research hotspot. Therefore, this paper reviews the process of peripheral nerve repair after injury, the mechanism and the progress of peripheral nerve repair based on adipose stem cells in the past five years.

BACKGROUND: Repairing soft tissue defects caused by inflammation, tumors, and trauma remains a major challenge for surgeons. Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) provides a promising way to solve this problem. METHODS: This review summarizes the current ATE strategies for soft tissue reconstruction, and introduces potential construction methods for ATE. RESULTS: Scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies are the two main approaches in ATE. Although several of these methods have been effective clinically, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies have limitations. The third strategy is a synergistic tissue engineering strategy and combines the advantages of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies. CONCLUSION Personalized construction, stable survival of reconstructed tissues and functional recovery of organs are future goals of building tissue-engineered fat for ATE.

Chronic refractory wounds and scars caused by abnormal wound repair seriously damage the health of patients and affect their quality of life. At present, there is a lack of simple but effective and economical treatment methods. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a kind of mesenchymal stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential, have been confirmed by several in vivo and in vitro studies to promote wound healing by promoting epithelialization, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, antioxidant properties, and other mechanisms. ASCs and their derivatives have been used in the treatment of refractory wounds caused by burns, diabetic, and radiation injuries with good results achieved. Their potential to become new materials for wound repair has also been confirmed. This paper reviewed the mechanism and clinical application of ASCs in promoting wound repair, and looked into its research direction and prospects.

Objective:To explore the curative effect of synchronous bionic electrical stimulation in hyperbaric oxygen chamber on patients with sudden deafness（SD）and the changes in hemorheological indicators.Methods:A total of 128 SD outpatients and inpatients treated at the Hyperbaric Oxygen Department of the Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were randomly divided into study group（70 cases treated with synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulator in hyperbaric oxygen chamber）and control group（58 cases given conventional hyperbaric oxygen therapy），respectively. The curative effects of the two groups were evaluated，and the hemorheological indicators，such as the whole blood（high-shear and low-shear）viscosity，plasma viscosity，and red blood cell aggregation，were analyzed by the automatic biochemical analyzer before and after treatment.Results:After two courses of treatments，the overall effective rate of the study group（88.57%）was significantly higher than that of the control group（79.31%），and the difference was statistically significant（ P<0.05）. After treatment，the whole blood（high-shear and low-shear）viscosities，plasma viscosity，and erythrocyte aggregation indicators of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment（ P<0.05），and the above indicators in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group（ P<0.05）. Conclusions:Synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulation in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber can improve the hemorheological indicators of the SD patients，reduce their blood hypercoagulability，and improve their hearing level and treatment effect. Hence，it is worth of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the curative effect of synchronous bionic electrical stimulation in hyperbaric oxygen chamber on patients with sudden deafness（SD）and the changes in hemorheological indicators.Methods:A total of 128 SD outpatients and inpatients treated at the Hyperbaric Oxygen Department of the Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were randomly divided into study group（70 cases treated with synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulator in hyperbaric oxygen chamber）and control group（58 cases given conventional hyperbaric oxygen therapy），respectively. The curative effects of the two groups were evaluated，and the hemorheological indicators，such as the whole blood（high-shear and low-shear）viscosity，plasma viscosity，and red blood cell aggregation，were analyzed by the automatic biochemical analyzer before and after treatment.Results:After two courses of treatments，the overall effective rate of the study group（88.57%）was significantly higher than that of the control group（79.31%），and the difference was statistically significant（ P<0.05）. After treatment，the whole blood（high-shear and low-shear）viscosities，plasma viscosity，and erythrocyte aggregation indicators of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment（ P<0.05），and the above indicators in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group（ P<0.05）. Conclusions:Synchronous brain bionic electrical stimulation in the hyperbaric oxygen chamber can improve the hemorheological indicators of the SD patients，reduce their blood hypercoagulability，and improve their hearing level and treatment effect. Hence，it is worth of clinical promotion.