This article is based on modern psychology and TCM emotional theory,combined with facial expression recognition technology,to apply deep learning methods to the digital research of TCM emotions to more accurately capture and analyze patients'emotional states.A cross-disciplinary framework was established by synthesizing facial expression-emotion correlations from psychological and TCM perspectives.The methodology included:Data annotation of TCM-defined emotional expressions using standardized coding systems;Facial expression acquisition,spatiotemporal feature extraction and emotion classification through a 3D convolutional neural network(3D CNN).The framework achieved 91.43%accuracy in video-based emotion classification.High-arousal emotional states demonstrated superior recognition performance,with anger showing optimal recall(1.000 0)and F1-score(0.946 3),while surprise attained the highest precision(0.976 0).These findings aligned with TCM pathological characteristic of"anger induces qi ascending,surprise disrupts qi flow".The digital recognition framework for TCM emotional quantification based on facial expression recognition technology exhibits strong alignment with TCM observation diagnosis,providing clinicians with an objective tool to assess the"seven emotions"and elucidating emotion-facial correlations in classical TCM theory.Future research should focus on longitudinal validation across diverse populations and establish development pathways for AI-assisted TCM diagnostic systems.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of mammary-derived extracellular vesicles(MmEVs)from mastitis dairy cows on the biofilm for-mation of Staphylococcus aureus SA1.The biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus SA1 was confirmed using Congo red staining,and the biofilm growth curve of S.aureus SA1 was plot-ted using the crystal violet staining method.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of MmEVs against S.aureus SA1 were deter-mined.After treating S.aureus SA1 with different concentrations of MmEVs,the cell morphology of S.aureus SA1 was observed using transmission electron microscopy.The effects of MmEVs on S.aureus SA1 under low pH(pH value=5)or heat stress(58℃)were investigated.The hydro-phobicity index was explored using the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons(MATH)assay.Bacte-rial conductivity was measured.The expression levels of biofilm-related genes(SarA,icaB,FnbA,ClfB,CidA,and gyrB)were detected using quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).The results showed that MIC of MmEVs against the biofilm of S.aureus SA1 was 1 000 mg/L,and the MBIC was 500 mg/L.Under the influence of MmEVs,the internal substances of S.aureus SA1 leaked,the biofilm boundary became blurred,and the cell wall separated.At the MBIC concentration,MmEVs significantly reduced the tolerance of S.aureus SA1 to low pH(P＜0.001)and high tem-perature(P＜0.001),decreased hydrophobicity(P＜0.001),and increased bacterial conductivity(P＜0.001).At the MBIC concentration,MmEVs significantly downregulated the gene expression of Sa rA(P＜0.001),icaB(P＜0.001),FnbA(P＜0.001),ClfB(P＜0.001),and CidA(P＜0.001)in S.aureus SA1,while no significant effect was observed on the expression of the gyrB gene.In summary,MmEVs inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus SA1 biofilms by sup-pressing the gene expression of SarA,icaB,FnbA,ClfB,and CidA within the biofilm.This dis-ruption damages the biofilm's morphological structure,reduces its tolerance to low pH and high temperature,decreases hydrophobicity,and increases bacterial conductivity,thereby ultimately in-hibiting the formation of S.aureus SA1 biofilms.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of mammary-derived extracellular vesicles(MmEVs)from mastitis dairy cows on the biofilm for-mation of Staphylococcus aureus SA1.The biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus SA1 was confirmed using Congo red staining,and the biofilm growth curve of S.aureus SA1 was plot-ted using the crystal violet staining method.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of MmEVs against S.aureus SA1 were deter-mined.After treating S.aureus SA1 with different concentrations of MmEVs,the cell morphology of S.aureus SA1 was observed using transmission electron microscopy.The effects of MmEVs on S.aureus SA1 under low pH(pH value=5)or heat stress(58℃)were investigated.The hydro-phobicity index was explored using the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons(MATH)assay.Bacte-rial conductivity was measured.The expression levels of biofilm-related genes(SarA,icaB,FnbA,ClfB,CidA,and gyrB)were detected using quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).The results showed that MIC of MmEVs against the biofilm of S.aureus SA1 was 1 000 mg/L,and the MBIC was 500 mg/L.Under the influence of MmEVs,the internal substances of S.aureus SA1 leaked,the biofilm boundary became blurred,and the cell wall separated.At the MBIC concentration,MmEVs significantly reduced the tolerance of S.aureus SA1 to low pH(P＜0.001)and high tem-perature(P＜0.001),decreased hydrophobicity(P＜0.001),and increased bacterial conductivity(P＜0.001).At the MBIC concentration,MmEVs significantly downregulated the gene expression of Sa rA(P＜0.001),icaB(P＜0.001),FnbA(P＜0.001),ClfB(P＜0.001),and CidA(P＜0.001)in S.aureus SA1,while no significant effect was observed on the expression of the gyrB gene.In summary,MmEVs inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus SA1 biofilms by sup-pressing the gene expression of SarA,icaB,FnbA,ClfB,and CidA within the biofilm.This dis-ruption damages the biofilm's morphological structure,reduces its tolerance to low pH and high temperature,decreases hydrophobicity,and increases bacterial conductivity,thereby ultimately in-hibiting the formation of S.aureus SA1 biofilms.

This article is based on modern psychology and TCM emotional theory,combined with facial expression recognition technology,to apply deep learning methods to the digital research of TCM emotions to more accurately capture and analyze patients'emotional states.A cross-disciplinary framework was established by synthesizing facial expression-emotion correlations from psychological and TCM perspectives.The methodology included:Data annotation of TCM-defined emotional expressions using standardized coding systems;Facial expression acquisition,spatiotemporal feature extraction and emotion classification through a 3D convolutional neural network(3D CNN).The framework achieved 91.43%accuracy in video-based emotion classification.High-arousal emotional states demonstrated superior recognition performance,with anger showing optimal recall(1.000 0)and F1-score(0.946 3),while surprise attained the highest precision(0.976 0).These findings aligned with TCM pathological characteristic of"anger induces qi ascending,surprise disrupts qi flow".The digital recognition framework for TCM emotional quantification based on facial expression recognition technology exhibits strong alignment with TCM observation diagnosis,providing clinicians with an objective tool to assess the"seven emotions"and elucidating emotion-facial correlations in classical TCM theory.Future research should focus on longitudinal validation across diverse populations and establish development pathways for AI-assisted TCM diagnostic systems.

Cell membrane-modified nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted widespread attention as a new approach for malignant brain tumors in recent years. This method can enhance the targeting, biocompatibility, and circulation time of NPs by preserving the characteristics of source cell membrane, thereby ensuring efficient drug delivery to intracranial lesions. This paper focuses on the research progress in this field, especially advantages of NPs penetrating the blood-brain barrier, immune evasion and drug delivery, as well as modified effect of different cell membrane on NPs, in order to provide help for treatment of malignant brain tumors.

Lipophosphatidic acid(LTA)was used to stimulate Mac-T cells,and the expression lev-els and phosphorylation levels of key proteins of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway and the expression levels of upstream key action factors TLR4 and MyD88 proteins were detected by Western blot,and EDU assay was used to detect cell proliferation levels and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis.The results showed that acti-vation of GPR120 significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of LTA-induced NF-κB(P65 and IκBα)(P＜0.01)and MAPK(JNK,ERK,p38)(P＜0.01)in Mac-T cells;inhibition of GPR120 was able to upregulate LTA-induced NF-κB(p65 and IκBα)in Mac-T cells(P＜0.01)and MAPK(JNK,ERK,p38)phosphorylation levels(P＜0.01);and activation of GPR120 significantly allevia-ted LTA-induced upregulation of TLR4 and MyD88(P＜0.01);inhibition of GPR120 significantly exacerbated LTA-induced upregulation of TLR4 and MyD88(P＜0.05);LTA stimulation led to a trend of diminished Mac-T cell proliferation and significantly increased apoptosis,whereas activa-tion of the GPR120 gene significantly increased cell activity(P＜0.01),promoted cell proliferation and significantly reduced apoptosis(P＜0.05)thereby alleviating the damage to Mac-T cells by LTA;LTA stimulation led to a highly significant increase in apoptosis(P＜0.01).In contrast,acti-vation of the GPR120 gene significantly reversed the increase in the apoptosis rate of Mac-T cells induced by LTA(P＜0.01),while inhibition of the GPR120 gene enhanced the apoptosis-promo-ting effect of LTA(P＜0.05),indicating that activation of the GPR120 gene attenuated the in-crease of apoptosis rate caused by LTA-induced inflammatory Mac-T cells.The results suggest that GPR120 can regulate inflammation by mediating TLR4 and MyD88 expression to inhibit NF-κB/MAPK inflammatory pathway activation and can promote cell proliferation.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death discovered in recent years, characterized by iron-dependent cell death featuring the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids. Recent studies have found that radiotherapy can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through ionizing radiation, and the combination of radiotherapy with small molecule or nano-scale ferroptosis inducers can inhibit tumor growth and enhance radiosensitization. This review summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis and the pathways through which radiotherapy induces ferroptosis, and also explores the potential application prospects of small molecule drugs and nanomaterials in mediating ferroptosis for the radiosensitization of tumor treatment.

As a receptor protein,GPR120 is activated by long-chain fatty acids(such as omega-3 fat-ty acids,alpha-linolenic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and docosahexaenoic acid.It plays an important regulatory role in gastrointestinal peptide release,inflammation,lipogenesis,glucose tolerance,and insulin sensitivity.In order to study the synergistic regulation of the GPR120 gene on milk fat me-tabolism and its anti-inflammatory effects in dairy cow MAC-T cells,the GPR120 activator TUG-891 and the inhibitor AH7614 were used to treat both dairy cow MAC-T cells and LTA-induced inflammatory dairy cow MAC-T cells.This treatment aimed to detect the expression of key genes involved in milk fat synthesis and inflammatory factors.The results showed that the GPR120 gene activator significantly increased the relative expression levels of cholesterol regulatory element binding protein(SREBP1)and fatty acid synthase(FASN),key genes for milk fat synthesis.Addi-tionally,the expression levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were reduced in the inflammatory dairy cow MAC-T cell model,which prelimi-natively reveals that GPR120 co-regulates milk fat and mammary inflammation in dairy cows,thereby laying a foundation for subsequent molecular mechanism research.

As a receptor protein,GPR120 is activated by long-chain fatty acids(such as omega-3 fat-ty acids,alpha-linolenic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and docosahexaenoic acid.It plays an important regulatory role in gastrointestinal peptide release,inflammation,lipogenesis,glucose tolerance,and insulin sensitivity.In order to study the synergistic regulation of the GPR120 gene on milk fat me-tabolism and its anti-inflammatory effects in dairy cow MAC-T cells,the GPR120 activator TUG-891 and the inhibitor AH7614 were used to treat both dairy cow MAC-T cells and LTA-induced inflammatory dairy cow MAC-T cells.This treatment aimed to detect the expression of key genes involved in milk fat synthesis and inflammatory factors.The results showed that the GPR120 gene activator significantly increased the relative expression levels of cholesterol regulatory element binding protein(SREBP1)and fatty acid synthase(FASN),key genes for milk fat synthesis.Addi-tionally,the expression levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were reduced in the inflammatory dairy cow MAC-T cell model,which prelimi-natively reveals that GPR120 co-regulates milk fat and mammary inflammation in dairy cows,thereby laying a foundation for subsequent molecular mechanism research.

Objective:To investigate the influence of the depth of invasion on the prognosis of pT1 stage mid-thoracic esophageal cancer patients undergoing left thoracotomy.Methods:Retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological data of 139 patients with pT1N0M0 stage of mid-thoracic esophageal cancer who meet the enrollment criteria. Firstly, the prognosis and influencing factors of the whole group were analyzed. The differences in prognosis, local recurrence and distant metastasis between PT1A and PT1B patients were compared, and the influence of different infiltration depth on prognosis and treatment failure of patients was analyzed. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) were 95.0%, 87.8%, 82.0% and 91.4%, 84.2%, 77.0%, respectively. There were significant differences in OS( χ2=7.500, P=0.006) and DFS( χ2=7.354, P=0.007) at 1, 3 and 5 years between pT1a and pT1b patients. Cox multivariate analysis showed that pT stage and pathological type were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in OS( χ2=0.734, P=0.693) and DFS( χ2=0.7690, P=0.681) of pT1a tumors with different invasion depths. There were significant differences in OS( χ2=15.368, P<0.001) and DFS( χ2=27.470, P<0.001) at 1, 3 and 5 years of pT1b tumors with different invasion depths. The recurrence rate of pT1b(23.8%) was significantly higher than that of pT1a(5.3%)( χ2=5.274, P=0.022). The distant metastasis rate of the former(10.9%) was also significantly higher than that of the latter(0)( χ2=4.494, P=0.034). There were significant differences in local recurrence rate( χ2=17.051, P<0.001) and distant metastasis rate( χ2=15.460, P<0.001) among pT1b patients with different infiltration depths. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that the depth of infiltration was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of local recurrence in stage pT1b patients after treatment( P<0.001). Pathological type( P=0.003) and infiltration depth( P=0.027) were independent factors affecting the occurrence of distant metastasis. Conclusion:pT1a period and pT1b period after the prognosis and treatment of patients with different failure modes, and pT1b period in patients with different infiltration depth and the prognosis of patients and its failure mode after treatment significantly related, infiltration depth of pT1b period after treatment in patients with the independence of the influencing factors of failure, suggest that clinical doctors should pay attention to pT1b period in patients with postoperative adjuvant therapy. This conclusion needs to be confirmed by large prospective studies of cases.