Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal coronavirus that can cause porcine epidemic diarrhea, leading to diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and even death in piglets. Due to the diversity of PEDV strains, traditional vaccines are difficult to sustainably and effectively prevent and control PEDV. This article reviews the strategies and mechanisms of active substances in regulating intracellular signaling pathways, viral proteins, and microbial metabolites to enhance the host immune function against PEDV. It emphasizes the prevention of PEDV resistance and the potential harm of PEDV breaking through interspecies barriers to the human society, aiming to provide reliable theoretical support for the development of new antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/immunology* ; Animals ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/prevention & control* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Coronavirus Infections/virology* ; Viral Vaccines/immunology* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical hazards in the production line of lithium batteries, so as to provide a scientific basis for the management of occupational-health risk and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the lithium battery industry. MethodsAn on-site survey on the process flow of the production of lithium battery was conducted in an enterprise. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the occupational environment were collected by Summa canisters, carbonates and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were collected using activated carbon tubes, and airborne metals were collected using filter membranes. VOCs, carbonates and NMP were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and airborne metal elements in the dust samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ResultsNon-targeted environmental monitoring results indicated that NMP was detected in the negative /positive electrode coating, assembly and drying filling workstations, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was detected in the assembly, drying and electrolyte injection workstations, and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was detected solely in the electrolyte injection workstation. Semi-quantitative analyses of VOCs identified 136 pollutants, including acrylonitrile and halohydrocarbons. Quantitative targeted environmental monitoring results revealed the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration of EMC (31.450 mg·m^-3) was found in the assembly and drying workstations, diethyl carbonate (DEC) was detected in all workstations. While vinylene carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were detected only in electrolyte injection, assembly and drying workstations. NMP was detected in all positive electrode coating samples, with a GM concentration of 5.68 mg·m^-3 (concentration range: 4.0‒ 7.4 mg·m^-³). Lithium was exclusively detected in dust samples from the liquid injection workstation (GM: 0.014 μg·m^-³). ConclusionNMP, EMC, DEC, and other chemicals are identified at the key workstations such as the positive electrode coating, electrolyte injection, assembly and drying in the lithium production line. Furthermore, semi-quantitative VOCs analyses identified 136 pollutants, demonstrating a characteristic of multicomponent chemical exposure.

Objective To explore the pathological features of bronchiolar adenoma(BA)and its specific high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)signs,and to differentiate BA from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma(MIA)using a non-invasive preoperative method.Methods A total of 80 patients with BA and 130 patients with MIA were retrospectively selected,and the clinical information and HRCT features were compared.All cases were divided into development set and test set at a 7︰3 ratio.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent predictors of MIA and construct a model.Results There were significant differences in age,lobe distribution,density,vacuole sign,tumor-related vessels number(TVN),and distance to pleura(DTP)between BA and MIA patients(P<0.05).Age,density,TVN,DTP and long diameter were identified as independent predictors of MIA.A model was constructed,with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.887 and 0.884 in the development and test sets,respectively.Conclusion The model based on HRCT morphological features of BA and MIA demonstrates superior diagnostic performance compared to individual CT morphological features.

Objective To explore the pathological features of bronchiolar adenoma(BA)and its specific high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)signs,and to differentiate BA from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma(MIA)using a non-invasive preoperative method.Methods A total of 80 patients with BA and 130 patients with MIA were retrospectively selected,and the clinical information and HRCT features were compared.All cases were divided into development set and test set at a 7︰3 ratio.Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent predictors of MIA and construct a model.Results There were significant differences in age,lobe distribution,density,vacuole sign,tumor-related vessels number(TVN),and distance to pleura(DTP)between BA and MIA patients(P<0.05).Age,density,TVN,DTP and long diameter were identified as independent predictors of MIA.A model was constructed,with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.887 and 0.884 in the development and test sets,respectively.Conclusion The model based on HRCT morphological features of BA and MIA demonstrates superior diagnostic performance compared to individual CT morphological features.

Objective:To explore the sequential chemotherapy efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimens in ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and pathological data of 100 patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma treated at Peking University Peopel′s Hospital from January 1992 to January 2019. All patients underwent staging surgery or cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on different postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, patients were divided into the sequential chemotherapy group (70 cases) and the conventional chemotherapy group (30 cases). Clinical and pathological characteristics, chemotherapy efficacy, adverse reactions, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results:(1) Clinical and pathological characteristics: the age, tumor types (including ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma), pathological types, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, postoperative residual disease size, presence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and total number of chemotherapy cycles were compared between the sequential chemotherapy group and the conventional chemotherapy group. There were no statistically significant differences observed in these characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Chemotherapy efficacy: the median sum of complete response (CR)+partial response (PR) duration in the sequential chemotherapy group was 80.0 months (range: 39 to 369 months), whereas in the conventional chemotherapy group, it was 28.0 months (range: 13 to 52 months). A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups ( Z=-7.82, P<0.001). (3) Chemotherapy adverse reactions: in the sequential chemotherapy group, 55 cases (79%, 55/70) experienced bone marrow suppression and 20 cases (29%, 20/70) had neurological symptoms. In the conventional chemotherapy group, these adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases (37%, 11/30) and 2 cases (7%, 2/30), respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both bone marrow suppression and neurological symptoms (all P<0.05). For the other chemotherapy adverse reactions compared between the two groups, no statistically significant differences were observed (all P>0.05). (4) Prognosis: during the follow-up period, the recurrence rate in the sequential chemotherapy group was 73% (51/70) and in the conventional chemotherapy group was 100% (30/30). The median sum of recurrence-free interval was 70.5 months (range: 19 to 330 months) in the sequential chemotherapy group and 15.0 months (range: 6 to 40 months) in the conventional chemotherapy group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both recurrence rate and median recurrence-free interval (all P<0.01).In the sequential chemotherapy group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 84.0 months (range: 34 to 373 months), and the median overall survival (OS) time was 87.0 months (range: 45 to 377 months). In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the median PFS time was 30.5 months (range: 14 to 60 months), and the median OS time was 37.5 months (range: 18 to 67 months). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both PFS and OS (all P<0.001). In the sequential chemotherapy group, the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates were 100% (70/70), 93% (65/70), and 21% (15/70), respectively. In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the OS rates were 50% (15/30) at 3 years, 3% (1/30) at 5 years, and 0 at 10 years, respectively. The two groups were compared respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sequential chemotherapy significantly prolongs PFS and OS in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma. The efficacy is superior to that of the conventional chemotherapy, with manageable adverse reactions. The use of sequential chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma is recommended.

Background Phenolic compounds, which are widely used as plasticizers, antibacterial agents, and preservatives in industrial production, have endocrine disrupting effects on humans. Previous epidemiological studies on the associations between phenolic compound exposure and blood lipids are mainly based on single measurement of spot urine samples, neglecting potential lag effects of phenolic compounds, and the conclusions are inconsistent. Objective To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to phenolic compounds at different lag days on blood lipid levels in adults. Methods We recruited 143 adults (43 males and 100 females) in Wuhan for three consecutive seasonal rounds of repeated visits: summer and autumn rounds of 2017 and winter of 2018. Morning urine samples were collected for four consecutive days during each round. A set of questionnaires were also distributed on the first day. Physical examinations and fasting venous blood sample collection were conducted on the fourth day. A total of 126 adults were included for analysis (340 person-time, 1251 urine samples). The concentrations of six urinary phenolic compounds [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclosan (TCS), methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), and propyl paraben (PrP)] were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed-effect models (LMEs), multiple informant models, and generalized linear models were utilized to estimate the associations of urinary phenolic compounds at different lag days with total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratio of TG to HDL-C (TG/HDL-C). Stratified analyses were conducted by selected characteristics. Results After covariate and multiple adjustments, the LMEs indicated that a change in urinary BPA at lag 0 day from the low concentration group (P _FDR<0.05), and this association was more pronounced in men (P _interaction=0.028) and smokers (P _interaction=0.040). In addition, a change in urinary TCS at lag 2 day from the low concentration group (P _FDR<0.05). The positive association of TCS with TG was more evident in subjects aged < 50 years (P _interaction=0.037). No significant associations were found between urinary phenolic compounds at other lag days and blood lipids. Conclusion Short-term exposures to BPA and TCS are positively correlated with unfavorable changes in blood lipids in adults, and the association seem to be more pronounced in men, smokers, or individuals aged < 50 years.

BACKGROUND: The onset and clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are sex-related. Few studies have investigated the distinctions in clinical characteristics and treatment preferences in male and female SLE patients in the initial cohort. This study aimed to improve the understanding of Chinese SLE patients by characterizing the different sexes of SLE patients in the inception cohort. METHODS: Based on the initial patient cohort established by the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group, a total of 8713 patients (795 men and 7918 women) with newly diagnosed SLE were enrolled between April 2009 and March 2021. Of these, 2900 patients (347 men and 2553 women) were eligible for lupus nephritis (LN). A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, organ damage, initial treatment regimens, and renal pathology classification was performed according to sex. RESULTS: In the SLE group, as compared to female patients, male patients had a later age of onset (male vs. female: 37.0 ± 15.8 years vs. 35.1 ± 13.7 years, P  = 0.006) and a higher SLE International Collaborative Clinic/American College of Rheumatology damage index score (male vs. female: 0.47 ± 1.13 vs. 0.34 ± 0.81, P  = 0.015), LN (male vs. female: 43.6% vs. 32.2%, P < 0.001), fever (male vs. female: 18.0% vs. 14.6%, P  = 0.010), thrombocytopenia (male vs. female: 21.4% vs. 18.5%, P  = 0.050), serositis (male vs. female: 14.7% vs. 11.7%, P  = 0.013), renal damage (male vs. female: 11.1% vs. 7.4%, P < 0.001), and treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYC) (P < 0.001). The frequency of leukopenia (male vs. female: 20.5% vs. 25.4%, P  = 0.002) and arthritis (male vs. female: 22.0% vs. 29.9%, P < 0.001) was less in male patients with SLE. In LN, no differences were observed in disease duration, SLE Disease Activity Index score, renal biopsy pathological typing, or 24-h urine protein quantification among the sexes. In comparisons with female patients with LN, male patients had later onset ages (P  = 0.026), high serum creatinine (P < 0.001), higher end-stage renal failure rates (P  = 0.002), musculoskeletal damage (P  = 0.023), cardiovascular impairment (P  = 0.009), and CYC use (P  = 0.001); while leukopenia (P  = 0.017), arthritis (P  = 0.014), and mycophenolate usage (P  = 0.013) rates were lower. CONCLUSIONS Male SLE patients had more severe organ damage and a higher LN incidence compared with female SLE patients; therefore, they may require more aggressive initial treatment compared to female patients.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; East Asian People ; Severity of Illness Index ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis* ; Lupus Nephritis/pathology* ; Registries ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Leukopenia/drug therapy* ; Arthritis

Objective:To explore the association of cardiometabolic index(CMI) and other body fat evaluation indicators [body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist to height ratio(WHtR), lipid accumulation index(LAP)] with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) as well as the predictive value of the above indicators for MS.Methods:A total of 10 140 residents over 40 years old in Guiyang city who participated in the " Epidemiological study on tumor risk of type 2 diabetes patients in China" in 2011 were recruited. The 2005 International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria were used to identify MS. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of CMI and other body fat evaluation indicators with MS. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value and the optimal cut-off point of different indicators. Taking the best cut-off point value of each index as the boundary, the prevalence of MS was evaluated again by Chi square test.Results:The prevalence of MS in the study population was 39.81%(27.23% for men and 44.39% for women). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MS increased with increasing CMI and quartile level of other body fat evaluation indicators in both men and women( P<0.05). The risks of MS in CMI Q4 group were 17.15(95% CI 11.64-25.27) for male and 45.14(95% CI 37.07-54.96) for female compared with Q1 group. In male, the area under curve(AUC) of MS by predicted CMI was 0.761(sensitivity 79.8%, specificity 63.2%, optimal cut-off point 0.71). WC displayed the highest value of AUC among the body fat evaluation indicators. In women, the AUC value of MS predicted by CMI was 0.831(sensitivity 76.8%, specificity 75.7%, optimal cut-off point 0.65), higher than those of BMI and WHtR while lower than those of WC and LAP. Further calculating the prevalence of MS with the best cut-off point value of each index as the boundary, WC was still the best predictor for male, while CMI was only secondary to LAP for women. Conclusion:CMI and other body fat evaluation indicators are significantly associated with MS. CMI could be used to predict MS.

Objective:To investigate the infection status of Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV) in bat flies in Yunnan province.Methods:Specimens of the ectoparasitic bat flies on bats in Baoshan city in 2014 and Ruili city in 2017 were collected and identified, virus isolation was performed by cell culture. The positive isolates were amplified and sequenced to obtain the complete genome sequences, and homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were carried out.Results:Three positive isolates (WDBC1704, WDBC1710 and BSBC1406) were identified from bat flies in Ruili city and Baoshan city. The supernatant was inoculated into BHK-21 cells for virus isolation, all of which could cause cytopathic effects (CPE) included shrinking, rounding and falling off of BHK-21 cells. The complete genome sequences of the three positive isolates were produced by RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the S, M, and L genes of all three positive isolates were in the same evolutionary branch as the original KKV strain PSC-19 isolated in Thailand. In this study, three KKV strains isolated were most closely related to the previous isolate WDBC1403 from Yunnan province, of which the BSBC1406 strain formed a small independent branch. The sequence comparison showed that there were significant differences in the M gene among the three isolates. The similarity between BSBC1406 and the other two strains (WDBC1704 and WDBC1710) was only 78.0%-78.1%, the amino acid similarity of the Gc protein in the open reading frame region was 85.3%.Conclusions:Three KKV strains from bat flies were quite different from the prototype strain, especially the BSBC1406 strain was somewhat different from other isolates and may have undergone variation. Surveillance of KKV carried by vector insects in Yunnan province and its relationship with human diseases should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVEPotention drug-targets on anti-neuropathy of stroke were summarized, and it will provide materials for developing innovation components traditional Chinese medicine on anti-cerebral infarction neuropathy.

METHODThis article had done a series of researching work about neurovascular unit which includes three kinds of cells: neuron, gliacyte,brain microvascular endothelial cell, then signal mechanism of cell death or apoptosis of each section of stroke neuropathy was analysised by the historical documents.

RESULTThere are five important pathways: inflammatory factor-MMPs pathway- Caspases, Ca2+ -mitochondrial pathway-Caspases, Ca2+ -Phospholipase-PI-3K/AK pathway, Ca2+ -radical-MAPK pathway, Ca2+ -NO-protease pathway, among all the nodes, Caspases, Ca2+, NO were the most important ones.

CONCLUSIONDeveloping the multi-mechanism and multilevel of traditional chinese medicine under the guidance of the theories of network pharmacology and neurovascular unit will play an important role in studying the key links of signal-network of stroke neuropathy.

Calcium ; metabolism ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Models, Biological ; Pharmacology ; methods ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Polyneuropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction