Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global health threat. This review systematically examines AMR surveillance technology advances, from conventional culture methods to modern molecular diagnostics (e.g., whole-genome sequencing) and artificial intelligence-assisted approaches. It focuses on the current application of mass spectrometry, machine learning predictive models, and real-time surveillance networks. To address challenges including inadequate technical standardization, clinical translation barriers, and data-sharing limitations, we propose integrated ^"genotype-phenotype^" strategies and global standardization framework, while exploring future applications of CRISPR-based portable detection, single-cell sequencing, and blockchain technologies.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal coronavirus that can cause porcine epidemic diarrhea, leading to diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and even death in piglets. Due to the diversity of PEDV strains, traditional vaccines are difficult to sustainably and effectively prevent and control PEDV. This article reviews the strategies and mechanisms of active substances in regulating intracellular signaling pathways, viral proteins, and microbial metabolites to enhance the host immune function against PEDV. It emphasizes the prevention of PEDV resistance and the potential harm of PEDV breaking through interspecies barriers to the human society, aiming to provide reliable theoretical support for the development of new antiviral drugs or vaccines.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/immunology* ; Animals ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/prevention & control* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Coronavirus Infections/virology* ; Viral Vaccines/immunology* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and interventional treatment effects of pa-tients with renal arteriovenous fistula in this hospital over the past 10 years.Methods A retrospective analy-sis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 40 patients with renal arteriovenous fistula who were treated in this hospital from October 2012 to October 2022.After classifying the fistula type using digital sub-traction angiography(DSA),an individualized embolization plan was developed by a vascular surgery team.Postoperatively,the embolization materials,embolization success rate,clinical success rate,perioperative renal function changes and complications were analyzed.Results A total of 29 cases(72.5%)had acquired renal arteriovenous fistula,while 11 cases(27.5%)had non-acquired renal arteriovenous fistula.Forty-three super-selective transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)procedures were performed,achieving a technical success rate of 100.0%(40/40)and a clinical success rate of 95.0%(38/40).The mean serum creatinine levels after TAE were(91.39±23.72)mmol/L in the non-acquired group and(105.94±35.51)mmol/L in the acquired group.No statistically significant difference was observed in perioperative serum creatinine changes between the two groups(P=0.095).No severe complications such as renal function deterioration occurred postopera-tively in any patient.Conclusion Gross hematuria serves as the primary clinical manifestation of renal arterio-venous fistula,with abdominal pain being more prevalent in non-acquired renal arteriovenous fistula.The em-bolization approach combining coils with polyvinyl alcohol particles demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy in treating renal arteriovenous fistula.

Objective To study the effect of diltiazem on coronary microcirculation and vascular endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)before surgery.Methods A total of 96 ACS patients admitted to Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical and Health Group between October 2023 and October 2024 were selected as subjects.The patients were divided into experimental group(n=48)and control group(n=48)by using a random number table method.The experimental group received slow intravenous infusion of diltiazem dilution before surgery and continued intravenous diltiazem during the procedure,while the control group received normal saline both preoperatively and intraoperatively.During the operation,coronary microcirculation parameters[coronary angiography,myocardial perfusion grading(TIMI),microcirculatory resistance index,intraoperative slow blood flow,and no-reflux status]were monitored.Vascular endothelial indexes(endothelin-1,vascular endothelial growth factor)were detected before and one week after surgery.Cardiovascular adverse events were also observed within six months postoperative.Results Postoperative TIMI myocardial perfusion grading in experimental group was superior to than that in control group,and the incidence of slow blood flow and no reflux during surgery in experimental group were lower than those in control group.The levels of endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in experimental group were lower than those in control group,and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in experimental group were lower than those in control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of diltiazem before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ACS can effectively increase coronary blood flow,improve coronary microcirculation,and protect vascular endothelial function.

Objective To study the effect of diltiazem on coronary microcirculation and vascular endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)before surgery.Methods A total of 96 ACS patients admitted to Fengfeng General Hospital of North China Medical and Health Group between October 2023 and October 2024 were selected as subjects.The patients were divided into experimental group(n=48)and control group(n=48)by using a random number table method.The experimental group received slow intravenous infusion of diltiazem dilution before surgery and continued intravenous diltiazem during the procedure,while the control group received normal saline both preoperatively and intraoperatively.During the operation,coronary microcirculation parameters[coronary angiography,myocardial perfusion grading(TIMI),microcirculatory resistance index,intraoperative slow blood flow,and no-reflux status]were monitored.Vascular endothelial indexes(endothelin-1,vascular endothelial growth factor)were detected before and one week after surgery.Cardiovascular adverse events were also observed within six months postoperative.Results Postoperative TIMI myocardial perfusion grading in experimental group was superior to than that in control group,and the incidence of slow blood flow and no reflux during surgery in experimental group were lower than those in control group.The levels of endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in experimental group were lower than those in control group,and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in experimental group were lower than those in control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of diltiazem before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ACS can effectively increase coronary blood flow,improve coronary microcirculation,and protect vascular endothelial function.

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of alcohol extract of Polyrhachis dives(PDAEs)against rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in vitro and in vivo.Methods:In vivo and in vitro anti-RA inflammatory response of PDAEs was investigated using a rat model of collagenous arthritis induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen and an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model.Results:PDAEs inhibited the polarization of M1 type macrophages in vivo and in vitro,reduced expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,iNOS,and promoted polarization of M2 type macrophages,enhanced expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-10 and TGF-β,so as to achieve the anti-inflammatory effect.The experiments in vivo also showed that PDAEs had the immunomodulatory effect,the potential mechanism may be the regulation of Th17/Treg balance by regulating the expression of PD-1 and TGF-β,thus correcting the over-strong autoimmune response.Conclusion:PDAEs may reduce the inflammatory reaction of RA through anti-inflam-matory and immunomodulatory effects.

Objective To establish and validate an autoverification system for pediatric coagulation tests and apply it in clinical prac-tice.Methods A total of 31 633 specimens collected at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University,from August 1,2023 to De-cember 31,2023,were used to establish coagulation auto-verification rules,which were subsequently validated with 6 704 specimens collected during January 1-31,2024.The samples were analyzed using the SYSMEX fully automatic blood coagulation analyzer assem-bly line.Auto-verification rules were established based on quality control status,instrument alerts,sample trait,numerical anomalies,logical rules,linear deviations,specimen integrity,and delta checks.The pass rate and consistency rate following the auto-verification were subsequently evaluated.Results A total of 37 auto-verification rules were established,covering abnormal results for PT-INR,APTT,Fib,TT,DD,FDP and AT together with aberrant reaction curves,specimen status and instrument alerts.The pass rate of auto-verification in the establishment group was 57.44％,and the concordance rate between auto-verification and manual review was 99.82％,while the pass rate of auto-verification was 59.96％in the validation set,and the concordance rate between auto-verification and manual review was 100％.Conclusion A set of auto-verification rules for pediatric coagulation reports was established and imple-mented in routine practice,significantly expediting the efficiency of report review and effectively shortening the turn-around time(TAT).

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical hazards in the production line of lithium batteries, so as to provide a scientific basis for the management of occupational-health risk and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the lithium battery industry. MethodsAn on-site survey on the process flow of the production of lithium battery was conducted in an enterprise. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the occupational environment were collected by Summa canisters, carbonates and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) were collected using activated carbon tubes, and airborne metals were collected using filter membranes. VOCs, carbonates and NMP were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and airborne metal elements in the dust samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ResultsNon-targeted environmental monitoring results indicated that NMP was detected in the negative /positive electrode coating, assembly and drying filling workstations, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was detected in the assembly, drying and electrolyte injection workstations, and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was detected solely in the electrolyte injection workstation. Semi-quantitative analyses of VOCs identified 136 pollutants, including acrylonitrile and halohydrocarbons. Quantitative targeted environmental monitoring results revealed the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration of EMC (31.450 mg·m^-3) was found in the assembly and drying workstations, diethyl carbonate (DEC) was detected in all workstations. While vinylene carbonate (VC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were detected only in electrolyte injection, assembly and drying workstations. NMP was detected in all positive electrode coating samples, with a GM concentration of 5.68 mg·m^-3 (concentration range: 4.0‒ 7.4 mg·m^-³). Lithium was exclusively detected in dust samples from the liquid injection workstation (GM: 0.014 μg·m^-³). ConclusionNMP, EMC, DEC, and other chemicals are identified at the key workstations such as the positive electrode coating, electrolyte injection, assembly and drying in the lithium production line. Furthermore, semi-quantitative VOCs analyses identified 136 pollutants, demonstrating a characteristic of multicomponent chemical exposure.

Objective The study aimed to investigate the effect of Shen-Fu injection on the clinical efficacy and prognosis of gas-trointestinal dysfunction in patients with septic shock.Methods Patients diagnosed with septic shock in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from September 2021 to April 2024 were enrolled and divided into the Shen-Fu group and the conventional treatment group according to the treatment plan.The propensity score matching(PSM)was used for 1∶1 matc-hing.Clinical data of patients in both groups at enrollment,the main gastrointestinal symptoms(vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal disten-sion,abnormal bowel sounds,gastric retention),blood lactic acid(Lac),interleukin(IL)-6,procalcitonin(PCT),white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil percentage(NEUT％),the ratio of lactic acid to creatinine(Lac/SCr)before and 5days after treatment,and the mortality rate 28days after discharge were recorded.Results Compared with conventional treatment group(35.06％),the total effective rate(66.23％)of gastrointestinal efficacy in Shen-Fu group 5days after treatment was significantly higher(x2=14.964,P＜0.05).The levels of Lac,WBC and Lac/SCr in Shen-Fu group was higher than that in conventional treatment group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-6,PCT and NEUT％(P＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,the levels of IL-6,Lac,Lac/SCr de-creased after 5days of treatment in Shen-Fu group(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in PCT,WBC and NEUT％(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups at 28 days after discharge(P＞0.05).Conclusion Shen-Fu Injection can improve gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with septic shock,alleviate gastrointestinal symptoms,suppress inflammatory responses,enhance gastrointestinal tissue perfusion,and can improve the short-term prognosis of pa-tients with septic shock to some extent.

Objective To establish orthotopic and ectopic pancreatic cancer models in C57BL/6N mice with normal immune function using in vivo imaging technology for visual characterization.Methods Orthotopic and ectopic pancreatic cancer models were established in Kunming mice by injecting a small volume of cell suspension containing firefly luciferase-expressing Panc02-luciferase pancreatic cancer cells into the head of the pancreas or the right axillary region.In vivo imaging technology was used to optimize the modeling method and timing in Kunming mice.Subsequently,the same method was applied to C57BL/6N mice using wild-type Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells to establish orthotopic and ectopic pancreatic cancer models with intact immune function.Key parameters,including body weight,inoculation positive rate,tumor growth time,tumor volume,and pathological characteristics across different organs,were compared be-tween the orthotopic and ectopic models in C57BL/6N mice to evaluate the applicability of these models.Results Both the small animal in vivo imaging experiments in Kunming mice and the tumor growth observation in C57BL/6N mice demonstrated that the construction periods for orthotopic and ectopic pancreatic cancer models were 20 days,with survival rates exceeding 90%.The inoculation positive rates in C57BL/6N mice were 92.3%for the orthotopic model and 78.6%for the ectopic model.On day 20 post-inoculation,the tumor volumes were(117.04±109.56)mm3 for the orthotopic model and(155.68±168.73)mm3 for the ectopic model,indicating high model success rates and consistent tumor growth.HE staining revealed pathological mitotic figures and poorly differentiated tumor tissues in both models of C57BL/6N mice,with no evidence of metastasis to other organs.Conclusions Orthotopic and ectopic pancreatic cancer models in immu-nocompetent mice were successfully developed in this study,mimicking early-stage pancreatic cancer characteristics.These models pro-vide a reliable platform for screening early diagnostic biomarkers and evaluating therapeutic interventions for pancreatic cancer.