Bronchial asthma(hereinafter referred to as asthma)is a common chronic respiratory disease with significant gender differences.Epidemiologic surveys show that both the incidence and severity of asthma are significantly higher in adult females than in males.It is now believed that gender differences in asthma may be related to sex hormones,and the airway effects of estrogen and progesterone on asthma pathophysiology have been extensively studied.However,the mechanism of androgens in asthma is not clear.In recent years,some new studies have found that androgens and androgen receptors can exert anti-inflammatory effects in asthma through immune cells;moreover,they can also decrease airway hyperresponsiveness,relax airway smooth muscle,and improve lung function.This article reviews the progress of androgens and androgen receptors in asthma to deepen our understanding of the relationship between sex hormones and asthma,providing more options for future asthma treatment.

Asthma is essentially a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways,and the proposed"gut-lung axis"provides a new idea for exploring its pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.A number of studies have confirmed that gut microbiota dysbiosis may affect the immune-inflammatory response through metabolites,which were involved in the disease process of asthma.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a method that can efficiently reconstruct the gut microbiota of patients.It has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases,central nervous system diseases,inflammatory diseases,and so on.Standardized operational protocols have been established.The use of probiotics or prebiotics in treating and preventing asthma and applying FMT in mice models of asthma have pointed the way for new prevention and treatment strategies.This article reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and asthma,and the feasibility of FMT in treating and preventing asthma.

The dissemination of culture requires carriers.The construction of hospital characteristic culture and hospital brand culture that highlights hospital characteristics needs to be recognized by medical staff and patients.A good hospital culture is one of the important factors to enhance hospital competitiveness,and can also enhance the hospital's reputation among the pub-lic.As a very common way of information circulation in China,self media and integrated media are rapidly developing and inno-vating in the field of healthcare.Hospitals should actively build their own"micro"cultural platforms.Using self media platforms to tell micro stories,popularize micro knowledge,shoot micro movies,publish micro books,hold micro forums,and micro mu-sic,to enrich patients'cultural lives and create an exclusive hospital culture.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Di'ao Xinxuekang(hereinafter referred to as Xinxuekang)combined with Simvastatin on atherosclerosis(AS)mice.Methods Eight C57BL/6J mice were used as control group,and 32 ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into model group,Xinxuekang group(160 mg·kg-1),Simvastatin group(1.3 mg·kg-1)and combined treatment group(Xinxuekang 160 mg·kg-1+Simvastatin 1.3 mg·kg-1),with eight mice in each group.The control group was fed with conventional diet,and the other four groups were fed with high-fat diet.At the same time,each administration group was given intragastric administration according to the above dose,and the volume of intragastric administration was 10 mL·kg-1,once a day for 18 weeks.After administration,the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected.Oil red O staining was used to observe the formation of aortic plaque and liver lipid accumulation in mice.Serum PCSK9 level was detected by ELISA.The mRNA and protein expression levels of LDLR,HNF1α and SREBP2 in liver tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot.Results(1)Compared with the control group,the levels of serum TC,TG and LDL-C in the model group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the level of HDL-C was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The percentage of aortic root plaque area,the percentage of total aortic plaque area and the percentage of liver lipid droplet area were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of LDLR in liver tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the serum PCSK9 level was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of HNF1α and SREBP2 in liver tissues were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(2)Compared with the model group,the levels of serum TC,TG and LDL-C in the Xinxuekang group and the combined treatment group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the level of HDL-C was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The level of serum LDL-C in Simvastatin group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The percentage of aortic root plaque area and the percentage of total aortic plaque area in the Xinxuekang group and the combined treatment group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the percentage of liver lipid droplet area in each administration group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The protein expression level of LDLR in liver tissue of mice in Xinxuekang group and combined treatment group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the serum PCSK9 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the mRNA and protein expression levels of HNF1 α and SREBP2 in liver tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(3)Compared with the Simvastatin group,the serum HDL-C level in the combined treatment group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The percentage of aortic root plaque area and the percentage of liver lipid droplet area were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expression level of LDLR in liver tissue was significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the serum PCSK9 level was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The expression levels of HNF1α protein and SREBP2 mRNA in liver tissues were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Xinxuekang may play a synergistic effect on lipid-lowering and anti-AS effects of Simvastatin by inhibiting the expressions of SREBP2 and HNF1α and regulating the PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway.

Transdermal preparations can effectively avoid the first-pass effect and have good clinical medication compliance.Transfersomes(TF),as a novel deformable lipid vesicle with good skin penetration efficiency and encapsulation rate,exert their efficacy by maintaining stable plasma concentration in vivo.They are novel transdermal absorption preparations with great development prospects.This article summarized the current research on TF,including the preparation technology,evaluation indexes,and clinical application,and prospected its research prospects.

Objective:To explore the sequential chemotherapy efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimens in ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and pathological data of 100 patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma treated at Peking University Peopel′s Hospital from January 1992 to January 2019. All patients underwent staging surgery or cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Based on different postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, patients were divided into the sequential chemotherapy group (70 cases) and the conventional chemotherapy group (30 cases). Clinical and pathological characteristics, chemotherapy efficacy, adverse reactions, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results:(1) Clinical and pathological characteristics: the age, tumor types (including ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma), pathological types, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, postoperative residual disease size, presence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and total number of chemotherapy cycles were compared between the sequential chemotherapy group and the conventional chemotherapy group. There were no statistically significant differences observed in these characteristics between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) Chemotherapy efficacy: the median sum of complete response (CR)+partial response (PR) duration in the sequential chemotherapy group was 80.0 months (range: 39 to 369 months), whereas in the conventional chemotherapy group, it was 28.0 months (range: 13 to 52 months). A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups ( Z=-7.82, P<0.001). (3) Chemotherapy adverse reactions: in the sequential chemotherapy group, 55 cases (79%, 55/70) experienced bone marrow suppression and 20 cases (29%, 20/70) had neurological symptoms. In the conventional chemotherapy group, these adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases (37%, 11/30) and 2 cases (7%, 2/30), respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both bone marrow suppression and neurological symptoms (all P<0.05). For the other chemotherapy adverse reactions compared between the two groups, no statistically significant differences were observed (all P>0.05). (4) Prognosis: during the follow-up period, the recurrence rate in the sequential chemotherapy group was 73% (51/70) and in the conventional chemotherapy group was 100% (30/30). The median sum of recurrence-free interval was 70.5 months (range: 19 to 330 months) in the sequential chemotherapy group and 15.0 months (range: 6 to 40 months) in the conventional chemotherapy group. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both recurrence rate and median recurrence-free interval (all P<0.01).In the sequential chemotherapy group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 84.0 months (range: 34 to 373 months), and the median overall survival (OS) time was 87.0 months (range: 45 to 377 months). In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the median PFS time was 30.5 months (range: 14 to 60 months), and the median OS time was 37.5 months (range: 18 to 67 months). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for both PFS and OS (all P<0.001). In the sequential chemotherapy group, the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates were 100% (70/70), 93% (65/70), and 21% (15/70), respectively. In contrast, in the conventional chemotherapy group, the OS rates were 50% (15/30) at 3 years, 3% (1/30) at 5 years, and 0 at 10 years, respectively. The two groups were compared respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Sequential chemotherapy significantly prolongs PFS and OS in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma. The efficacy is superior to that of the conventional chemotherapy, with manageable adverse reactions. The use of sequential chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal carcinoma is recommended.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are clinically used with common gastrointestinal adverse reactions, among which NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injuries (NSIs) are manifested in the appearance of jejunum and ileal mucosa erythema, erosion, ulcer, hemorrhage, intestinal wall perforation and obstruction et al..The pathological mechanisms of NSIs are complex, with a lack of effective prevention or treatment methods.This review summarizes the research progress of the pathological mechanisms of NSIs as well as the prevention and treatment of NSIs by misoprostol, mucosal protective agents, antibiotics and probiotics, traditional Chinese medicines and their active ingredients, nutritional supplements and other drugs in the past five years, in order to provide reference and basis for the research and development of new NSIs drugs.

Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids are widely distributed in fungi. From the ethyl acetate extract of the earwig-derived Aspergillus sp. NF2396, seven new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, named drimanenoids A-G (1-7), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by diverse spectroscopic analysis including high-resolution ESI-MS, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Drimanenoids A-F (1-6) are new members of drimane-type sesquiterpenoid esterified with unsaturated fatty acid side chain at C-6. Drimanenoids C (3), D (4) and F (6) showed antibacterial activity against five types of bacteria with different inhibition diameters. Drimanenoid D (4) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 with an IC₅₀ value of 12.88 ± 0.11 μmol·L^-1.
Humans ; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry* ; Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVE To compare the acute toxicity characteristics and differences of water extracts from unprocessed and different processed products of Psoraleae Fructus in mice. METHODS Kunming mice were divided into 36 groups, including Psoraleae Fructus raw product group, stir-fried group, salt-baked group, Leigong group, and wine soaked group, as well as control group. Each group of mice was given a single intragastric administration of 0.04 mL·g-1 and observed for 14 d. The body weight, serum biochemical indices, and mortality of the mice were detected, and the LD50 value was calculated to study the toxicity differences of Psoraleae Fructus raw product and different processed products. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the body weight of mice before administration in different groups. On the first day of administration, some mice in the administration group showed a certain decrease in body weight. The LD50 values of the Psoraleae Fructus raw product group, stir-fried group, salt-baked group, Leigong group, and wine soaked group were 63.20, 56.92, 51.95, 88.61, 59.02 g·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, the serum ALT and TBA levels in the male mice in the Psoraleae Fructus raw product group were significantly increased; the serum ALT, AST, and TBA levels in the stir-fried group were significantly increased, but the ALP level was not statistically significant; the serum ALP, ALT, AST, and TBA levels in the salt-baked group, Leigong group, and wine soaked group were significantly increased. Compared with the control group, the serum ALP, ALT, AST, and TBA levels in female mice in the Psoraleae Fructus raw product group, salt-baked group, Leigong group, and wine soaked group were significantly increased; the serum ALT, AST, and TBA levels in the stir-fried group were significantly increased; all groups had significantly decreased TP levels. Pathological results showed that there was no abnormality in the liver of mice in the control group; the liver of mice in the Psoraleae Fructus raw product group, stir-fried group, salt-baked group, Leigong group, and wine soaked group had pathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration of liver cells, glycogen degeneration of liver cells, loose cytoplasm of liver cells, and partial central hepatocellular hypertrophy; the degree of liver damage in mice caused by different processed products compared with the raw product group: raw product group > wine soaked group > stir-fried group > salt-baked group > Leigong group. Among them, the wine soaking method caused the highest degree of liver damage, while the Leigong method caused the least. CONCLUSION Psoraleae Fructus has different toxicities after being processed by different methods. According to LD50, the toxicity of Leigong method processed products is significantly reduced.

Objective:To investigate the effect of SCN1A gene polymorphism (SCN1A-rs3812718) on the alterations of spontaneous brain activity using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of MR in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods:A total of 37 TLE patients (TLE group) admitted to the Epilepsy Center of the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Team from March 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and another 28 healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and years of education with the TLE group were selected as the healthy control group (HC group). Sixty-five subjects were divided into four groups by genotype and diagnosis: 34 cases in AA/AG-TLE subgroup, 3 cases in GG-TLE subgroup, 20 cases in AA/AG-HC subgroup and 8 cases in GG-HC subgroup. All subjects underwent sagittal 3D-T 1WI and resting-state functional MRI using a Siemens 3.0 T Trio Tim MR scanner. Then ALFF values of the four groups were calculated using DPABI by the MATLAB 2010 platform. The ALFF values between two groups were compared by independent samples t-test. The ALFF values of different genotypes at rs3812718 locus in TLE and HC group were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance to find out the corresponding brain regions with interaction, and then post hoc simple effect analysis was performed. Results:The ALFF values in TLE group significantly increased in left marginal lobe, left parahippocampal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, left hippocampus, right insular lobe and right inferior temporal gyrus (Alphasim corrected P<0.001) and decreased in the left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left precuneus, bilateral cingulate gyrus and right angular gyrus (Alphasim correction P<0.05) compared with HC group. Subjects carrying the non-risk G allele had higher ALFF values in the right inferior temporal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and right cerebellum than subjects carrying the risk A allele ( t=3.30, Alphasim corrected P=0.002). There was a significant interaction effect on posterior cerebellar lobe, left anterior cerebellar lobe, left inferior temporal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule and right precuneus of TLE patients with SCN1A-rs3812718 genotype. Post-hoc simple effect analysis showed that ALFF significantly increased in the left posterior cerebellar lobe, left anterior cerebellar lobe, left inferior temporal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus in GG-TLE subgroup ( t=5.97, P<0.001), but significantly decreased in the right superior parietal lobule, right precuneus, right posterior cerebellar lobe in AA/AG-TLE subgroup compared to the HC group. Compared with GG-TLE subgroup, ALFF in left posterior cerebellar lobe, left fusiform gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus decreased in AA/AG-TLE subgroup. Conclusion:SCN1A gene polymorphism in the rs3812718 locus affects spontaneous neural activity in resting state, which may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of TLE.