Objective To analyze the economic cost of self-monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus, and provide a basis for measuring the economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus, and to provide a reference for the formulation of intervention development and the adjustment of resource allocation. Methods The individual economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus was measured based on a decision tree model, and the total economic cost of self-monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus in Beijing was estimated. The uncertainty of the model parameters was analyzed using one-way sensitivity analysis. Results The average individual economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring was 1184 RMB, and the individual cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 403 to 18 000 RMB. The average individual economic cost of finger-stick blood glucose monitoring was 606 RMB and the average individual economic cost of continuous glucose monitoring was 2 374 RMB. The total economic cost of gestational diabetes self-monitoring in Beijing was 23.818 0 million RMB, and the total economic cost incurred by choosing different types of blood glucose meters ranged from 0.292 5 to 9.027 9 million RMB. The proportion of the finger-stick blood glucose monitoring had the greatest impact on the robustness of the results. Conclusion Finger-stick blood glucose monitoring is still the dominant self-monitoring method and is less costly than continuous glucose monitoring. Self-monitoring of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus incurs certain economic cost and causes an economic burden on society.

Objective:To analyze the impact of stressful life events on the social activity participation of middle-aged and elderly adults in China, providing a scientific basis for improving their quality of life.Methods:This study was conducted in January 2024.Data were derived from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS) conducted from 2011 to 2020. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Ordered Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the association between stressful life events experienced over the past decade and the level of social activity participation, with stratified analysis by age, gender, and place of residence.Results:A total of 10 838 middle-aged and elderly adults were included in this study. The proportions of individuals with no social activity participation, low social activity participation, and high social activity participation were 52.07%(5 643/10 838), 24.21%(2 624/10 838), and 23.72%(2 571/10 838), respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors, individuals who experienced stressful life events were 15.2% less likely to participate in social activities compared to those who did not ( RR=0.848, 95% CI=0.786-0.915).Stratified analysis revealed that the decrease in the likelihood of social activity participation following stressful life events was significantly greater in urban residents than that in rural residents ( Pinteraction=0.004). Conclusion:Experiencing stressful life events over the past decade may reduce the level of social activity participation among middle-aged and elderly adults. It is recommended to strengthen psychological counseling for this population and encourage active social engagement.

Objective:To analyze the current management status of real-world studies (RWS) in the medical institutions in China and suggest improvement focus for the management optimization.Methods:Surveys were conducted in 81 medical institutions nationwide. Convenience sampling was used to recruit survey subjects, and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, followed by statistical analysis using descriptive methods.Results:The survey results indicated that 92.6% (75/81) of the medical institutions surveyed had undertaken RWS projects, with electronic medical records being the primary data source (89.3%, 67/75). Retrospective and prospective observational studies were the main types of study designs. Additionally, 96.3% (78/81) of the research subjects indicated that their medical institution expressed willingness to participate in or undertake RWS projects in the future. In terms of management, all types of RWS projects were managed by clinical trial center (24.0, 18/75), but differences existed in the management practices among medical institutions. Moreover, the challenges in data quality and standardization, study design and staff training, data and privacy protection and information technology support appeared in the management of RWS projects.Conclusions:It suggests to optimize the management processes of RWS projects in medical institutions and improve relevant laws and regulations to promote the development of RWS in China.

[Objective]To discuss the treatment of chronic cough with damp-heat syndrome after mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children from the theory of"sensation and response".[Methods]The philosophical basis and theoretical connotation of Chinese medicine were clarified by tracing back the theory of"sensation and response".Based on the theory of"sensation and response",the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic cough and damp-heat syndrome after MPP in children were analyzed from the four levels of Qi of nature,Qi of human body,Qi of medicine and food,and Qi of disease and evil,and the prescriptions and medicines were used,with a test case for proof.[Results]Based on the theory of"sensation and response",the pathogenesis of post-MPP chronic cough with dampness-heat syndrome in children can be attributed to the convergence of internal and external"dampness."This determination integrates multiple factors,including celestial heat,terrestrial dampness,summer climatic conditions and the annual host-guest Qi,the child's constitutional predisposition,pre-treatment status,and epidemic pathogenic influences.The therapeutic strategies should adhere to the principle of"sensation and response",emphasizing the differentiation of dampness-heat severity and its manifestations,followed by targeted elimination of dampness-heat from the tri-Jiao.For instance,in the case characterized by dampness-heat diffusing in the tri-Jiao with predominant dampness,the treatment approach involved dredging the tri-Jiao,resolving dampness and clearing heat through tailored modifications of Huopu Xialing Decoction and tri-Jiao Xuanbi Decoction.Clinical observations demonstrated favorable outcomes with this regimen.[Conclusion]The principle of"sensation and response"fundamentally guides the entire therapeutic process,from etiological analysis to treatment formulation in managing post-MPP chronic cough with dampness-heat syndrome.The primary disease mechanism involves the synergistic interaction between endogenous and exogenous dampness.The treatment should consistently adhere to the"sensation and response"approach,employing timely and situation-appropriate strategies to eliminate dampness-heat pathogens.Prescription selection must be based on careful differentiation of the relative predominance between dampness and heat manifestations.

Objective:To analyze the impact of stressful life events on the social activity participation of middle-aged and elderly adults in China, providing a scientific basis for improving their quality of life.Methods:This study was conducted in January 2024.Data were derived from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS) conducted from 2011 to 2020. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Ordered Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the association between stressful life events experienced over the past decade and the level of social activity participation, with stratified analysis by age, gender, and place of residence.Results:A total of 10 838 middle-aged and elderly adults were included in this study. The proportions of individuals with no social activity participation, low social activity participation, and high social activity participation were 52.07%(5 643/10 838), 24.21%(2 624/10 838), and 23.72%(2 571/10 838), respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors, individuals who experienced stressful life events were 15.2% less likely to participate in social activities compared to those who did not ( RR=0.848, 95% CI=0.786-0.915).Stratified analysis revealed that the decrease in the likelihood of social activity participation following stressful life events was significantly greater in urban residents than that in rural residents ( Pinteraction=0.004). Conclusion:Experiencing stressful life events over the past decade may reduce the level of social activity participation among middle-aged and elderly adults. It is recommended to strengthen psychological counseling for this population and encourage active social engagement.

Objective:To analyze the current management status of real-world studies (RWS) in the medical institutions in China and suggest improvement focus for the management optimization.Methods:Surveys were conducted in 81 medical institutions nationwide. Convenience sampling was used to recruit survey subjects, and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, followed by statistical analysis using descriptive methods.Results:The survey results indicated that 92.6% (75/81) of the medical institutions surveyed had undertaken RWS projects, with electronic medical records being the primary data source (89.3%, 67/75). Retrospective and prospective observational studies were the main types of study designs. Additionally, 96.3% (78/81) of the research subjects indicated that their medical institution expressed willingness to participate in or undertake RWS projects in the future. In terms of management, all types of RWS projects were managed by clinical trial center (24.0, 18/75), but differences existed in the management practices among medical institutions. Moreover, the challenges in data quality and standardization, study design and staff training, data and privacy protection and information technology support appeared in the management of RWS projects.Conclusions:It suggests to optimize the management processes of RWS projects in medical institutions and improve relevant laws and regulations to promote the development of RWS in China.

[Objective]To discuss the treatment of chronic cough with damp-heat syndrome after mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children from the theory of"sensation and response".[Methods]The philosophical basis and theoretical connotation of Chinese medicine were clarified by tracing back the theory of"sensation and response".Based on the theory of"sensation and response",the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic cough and damp-heat syndrome after MPP in children were analyzed from the four levels of Qi of nature,Qi of human body,Qi of medicine and food,and Qi of disease and evil,and the prescriptions and medicines were used,with a test case for proof.[Results]Based on the theory of"sensation and response",the pathogenesis of post-MPP chronic cough with dampness-heat syndrome in children can be attributed to the convergence of internal and external"dampness."This determination integrates multiple factors,including celestial heat,terrestrial dampness,summer climatic conditions and the annual host-guest Qi,the child's constitutional predisposition,pre-treatment status,and epidemic pathogenic influences.The therapeutic strategies should adhere to the principle of"sensation and response",emphasizing the differentiation of dampness-heat severity and its manifestations,followed by targeted elimination of dampness-heat from the tri-Jiao.For instance,in the case characterized by dampness-heat diffusing in the tri-Jiao with predominant dampness,the treatment approach involved dredging the tri-Jiao,resolving dampness and clearing heat through tailored modifications of Huopu Xialing Decoction and tri-Jiao Xuanbi Decoction.Clinical observations demonstrated favorable outcomes with this regimen.[Conclusion]The principle of"sensation and response"fundamentally guides the entire therapeutic process,from etiological analysis to treatment formulation in managing post-MPP chronic cough with dampness-heat syndrome.The primary disease mechanism involves the synergistic interaction between endogenous and exogenous dampness.The treatment should consistently adhere to the"sensation and response"approach,employing timely and situation-appropriate strategies to eliminate dampness-heat pathogens.Prescription selection must be based on careful differentiation of the relative predominance between dampness and heat manifestations.

Objective:To construct the homogenous evaluation index system for public hospital branches under the background of high-quality development, providing reference for improving the homogenization level of public hospital branches.Methods:By analyzing literature, relevant policies and the management practices of the public hospital branches, a preliminary screening index system for homogenization evaluation of public hospital branches was constructed. Two rounds of Delphi method were used to screen homogenization evaluation indicators for public hospital branches and determine the weights of the indicators. Taking the branches of a tertiary hospital as an example, the indicator system was empirically applied.Results:The homogenization evaluation index system for public hospital branches included 4 first level indicators, 8 second level indicators and 21 third level indicators. The weights of the first level indicators of medical homogeneity, management homogeneity, emergency conversion and satisfaction were 51.33%, 23.16%, 9.00% and 16.51%, respectively. Through empirical application, the homogenization coefficient of the public hospital branche was 0.833 5.Conclusions:The homogenization evaluation index system for public hospital branches was in line with the goals of the construction and development of multiple campuses of one hospital for public hospital. Indicators with low homogenization coefficients were the shortcomings of homogenization in hospital branches. This indicator system provided measurement standards and improvement directions for the homogenization of medical and management in hospital branches.

Currently, in precision cardiac surgery, there are still some pressing issues that need to be addressed. For example, cardiopulmonary bypass remains a critical factor in precise surgical treatment, and many core aspects still rely on the experience and subjective judgment of cardiopulmonary bypass specialists and surgeons, lacking precise data feedback. With the increasing elderly population and rising surgical complexity, precise feedback during cardiopulmonary bypass becomes crucial for improving surgical success rates and facilitating high-complexity procedures. Overcoming these key challenges requires not only a solid medical background but also close collaboration among multiple interdisciplinary fields. Establishing a multidisciplinary team encompassing professionals from the medical, information, software, and related industries can provide high-quality solutions to these challenges. This article shows several patents from a collaborative medical and electronic information team, illustrating how to identify unresolved technical issues and find corresponding solutions in the field of precision cardiac surgery while sharing experiences in applying for invention patents.

Ferroptosis is drived by lipid reactive oxygen species, which plays an important role in the development of tumors. It has been found that a variety of clinical medicines, such as artemisinin derivatives, itraconazole, sulfasala zine, cucurbitacin B, paclitaxel, disulfiram/copper can induce ferroptosis and inhibit tumor growth in head and neck cancer (HNC) through different mechanisms. To study the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis induced by commonly used drugs in the treatment of HNC can provide reference for the targeted treatment of ferroptosis in HNC.