OBJECTIVE To enhance the training quality of anticoagulation specialty clinical pharmacists， address the resource limitations of a single training base， and promote homogenization of training quality. METHODS A multi-base joint training system for anticoagulation specialty clinical pharmacists in the Beijing area was established. A mixed research method was employed， collecting data through performance comparisons， questionnaires， and qualitative interviews to compare the differences between the joint training model （experimental group， n＝16） and traditional teaching model （the control group， n＝17）. RESULTS The established joint training system encompassed a unified joint training teaching plan， the formation of a joint training teaching team， the establishment of joint theoretical teaching courses， the implementation of joint case discussions and literature presentations， as well as strengthening the assessment throughout the joint training process. Compared to the control group [theoretical assessment of （76.44±3.66） points， case assessment of （84.31±3.27） points]， the experimental group students achieved higher scores in theoretical assessment （[ 79.85±4.64） points] and case assessment （[ 88.70±5.51） points] （P＜0.05）. Through questionnaires and qualitative interviews， the trainees in experimental group were highly satisfied with the joint training model in terms of theoretical learning， communication skills， and teaching interaction. CONCLUSIONS The multi-base collaborative training system for anticoagulation specialty clinical pharmacists can integrate advantageous resources and significantly enhance the training effectiveness of anticoagulation specialty clinical pharmacists， offering value for wider promotion.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

OBJECTIVE To conduct rapid health technology assessment （HTA） of ulinastatin （UTI）， and to evaluate the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of UTI in the treatment of acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang database， CBM and official websites of HTA institutions， the systematic review （SR）/meta-analysis， economic evaluation and HTA reports of UTI in the treatment of AP were collected from the inception to Apr. 2024. Two researchers independently conducted screening， quality evaluation and data extraction according to the admission and exclusion criteria， and descriptive analysis was adopted to analyze and summarize the data. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included， involving 15 SR/meta-analysis and 4 economic studies， and no HTA report was retrieved. In the treatment of AP， UTI showed clear advantages over conventional treatment alone in terms of improving the overall effective rate， shortening the recovery time of amylase， reducing the time required to relieve abdominal pain and distension， lowering the mortality rate， and decreasing the average hospital stay. Compared to other positive drugs （carbendate mesylate， octreotide， somatostatin， etc.）， its efficacy is similar， with a favorable safety profile. As far as the current research was concerned， UTI had obvious economic advantages over other positive drugs. CONCLUSIONS UTI is safe and effective in the treatment of AP， and has economic advantages.

Arrhythmia is one of the most common diseases in clinical practice that can threaten the health and safety of patients and is referred to as "palpitations" in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine often uses the method of tonifying qi and nourishing yin to treat palpitations in clinical practice. However, there is currently a lack of relevant research on its treatment mechanism. From the perspective of pharmacology and through a literature search, this paper summarized the progress in the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for supplementing qi and nourishing yin commonly used in the treatment of palpitations, as well as traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for the treatment of arrhythmia, to explore their mechanism of action on palpitations. This paper also summarized that traditional Chinese medicine drugs for tonifying qi and nourishing yin mainly regulate various signal pathways and ion channels through multiple target genes, thereby regulating heart rhythm and improving clinical symptoms in patients with palpitations. The results can provide new ideas for colleagues on palpitations treatment.

Objective To investigate the use of hepatoprotective drugs in China in recent years, and to put forward related suggestions. Methods The outpatient prescription data of hepatoprotective drugs were collected from 85 hospitals in 6 cities of China from 2015 to 2019, and a real-world data analysis was performed to analyze the payment method, issuing department, drug category, and use of hepatoprotective drugs. Results A total of 1 113 575 prescriptions were extracted, involving 38 hepatoprotective drugs such as compound glycyrrhizin, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and bicyclol. Hepatoprotective drugs were mainly in tertiary hospitals, and the highest number of prescriptions containing hepatoprotective drugs were observed in department of infectious diseases, department of gastroenterology, and department of tuberculosis. Anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective drugs accounted for the highest proportion of all prescriptions, mainly compound glycyrrhizin, polyene phosphatidylcholine, and bicyclol. Of all prescriptions, 253 429 (22.76%) had the combination of multiple hepatoprotective drugs, with the highest number of 6 drugs, among which polyene phosphatidylcholine combined with bicyclol accounted for the highest proportion. Conclusion There are large quantities of hepatoprotective drugs used by outpatients in China. At present, the hepatoprotective drugs are clinically applied rationally, but there are still some problems to be solved, such as the combination of drugs.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of cervical metastasis of oral and maxillary squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and to define its impact factors.Methods:A retrospective study of patients with SCC of hard palate and maxillary alveolus treated by surgery from 2002 to 2011.Results:The incidences of cervical metastasis and occult metastasis were 17.2%(11 /64)and 9.8%(5 /51)re-spectively.pT classification and vascular invasion were correlated with cervical metastasis.Occult metastatic risk was significantly higher in pT4 patients.Presence of positive nodes impaired prognosis significantly.Conclusion:Overall and occult metastasis of oral and maxillary SCC were highly associated with pT classification.Routine and synchronous elective neck dissection(END)is recomend for the treatment of T4 lesions while observation is alternative for T1 -T3 lesions.