Male infertility has become a global concern, accounting for 20-70% of infertility. Dysfunctional spermatogenesis is the most common cause of male infertility; thus, treating abnormal spermatogenesis may improve male infertility and has attracted the attention of the medical community. Mitochondria are essential organelles that maintain cell homeostasis and normal physiological functions in various ways, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial OXPHOS transmits electrons through the respiratory chain, synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms are vital for spermatogenesis, especially to maintain the normal function of testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells. The disruption of mitochondrial OXPHOS caused by external factors can result in inadequate cellular energy supply, oxidative stress, apoptosis, or ferroptosis, all inhibiting spermatogenesis and damaging the male reproductive system, leading to male infertility. This article summarizes the latest pathological mechanism of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorder in testicular Sertoli cells and germ cells, which disrupts spermatogenesis and results in male infertility. In addition, we also briefly outline the current treatment of spermatogenic malfunction caused by mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders. However, relevant treatments have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders in Sertoli cells and germ cells is a research direction worthy of attention. We believe this review will provide new and more accurate ideas for treating male infertility.
Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/metabolism* ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are both chronic progressive respiratory diseases that cannot be completely cured. COPD is characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and gradual decline in lung function, whereas PH is characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, remodeling, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These diseases have similar pathological features, such as vascular hyperplasia, arteriolar contraction, and inflammatory infiltration. Despite these well-documented observations, the exact mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of COPD and PH remain unclear. Evidence that mitochondrial dynamics imbalance is one major factor in the development of COPD and PH. Mitochondrial dynamics is precisely regulated by mitochondrial fusion proteins and fission proteins. When mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium is disrupted, it causes mitochondrial and even cell morphological dysfunction. Mitochondrial dynamics participates in various pathological processes for heart and lung disease. Mitochondrial dynamics may be different in the early and late stages of COPD and PH. In the early stages of the disease, mitochondrial fusion increases, inhibiting fission, and thereby compensatorily increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. With the development of the disease, mitochondria decompensation causes excessive fission. Mitochondrial dynamics is involved in the development of COPD and PH in a spatiotemporal manner. Based on this understanding, treatment strategies for mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities may be different at different stages of COPD and PH disease. This article will provide new ideas for the potential treatment of related diseases.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Dynamics/physiology* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective: To investigate trends in the disease burden of tumors among children aged 0 to 14 years in China in 1990 and 2019, so as to provide insights into management of pediatric tumors in China. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease 2019 data were retrieved from the Global Health Data Exchange, and the mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of pediatric tumors were evaluated among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 1990 and 2019, and the disease burdens due to pediatric tumors in China were compared with the regions with different social population index (SDI). Results: The mortality of tumors decreased from 13.10/105 in 1990 to 4.96/105 in 2019 (a 62.17% reduction) among children aged 0 to 14 years in China, and the DALY rate decreased from 1 118.93/105 to 424.77/105 (a 62.04% reduction). The mortality and DALY rate of tumors decreased from 13.48/105 to 5.38/105, and from 1 147.09/105 to 458.65/105 among male children, and from 12.69/105 to 4.46/105, and from 1 088.22/105 to 384.94/105 among female children. The disease burden of pediatric tumors was concentrated among children at ages of 0 to 4 years. The three highest disease burdens of pediatric tumors were measured in leukemia, brain and nerve system tumors, and lymphoma in 2019. Compared with the regions with different SDI, the largest reductions were seen in the mortality and DALY rate of tumors among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China, which were still higher than in middle, high-middle and high SDI regions. Conclusions The disease burden of tumors declined among children at ages of 0 to 14 years in China in 2019, compared with 1990; however, it is still higher than in middle and higher SDI regions. The disease burden of pediatric tumors was high among children at ages of 0 to 4 years and among male children, with leukemia, brain and nerve system tumors and lymphoma as predominant types.

Objective To explore the feasibility of high-frequency electric welding systemin cholecyste-ctomy when compared with ultrasound scalpel , Ligasure and traditional scalpel. Methods Ninety-six rabbits were enrolled in the study and divided into high-frequency electric welding system group , ultrasound scalpel group , Ligasure group and traditional scalpel group. The working temperature was recorded. Eight rabbits of each group were killed to observe the occlusion at 1st, 4th, 7th day postoperatively. Tissues were collected for observation under HE staining. Results High-frequency electric welding system group excelled in operative time , bleeding, working temperature, granulation tissue and inflammatory reaction. No significant difference was found in preope-rative and postoperative liver function test. Conclusion High-frequency electric welding system in cholecyste-ctomy has similar effect as ultrasound scalpel and Ligasure.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum soluble factor-related apoptosis (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and their relations with cognition disorders in the patients with vascular dementia (VaD). Methods Serum concentrations of sFas and sFasl were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between 70 patients with VaD aged (72.5± 7.5)years and 50 healthy elderly people aged(72.5 ± 7.5)years.The VaD patient's cognitive functions were evaluated by activity of daily living scale (ADL),mini mental state examination (MMSE) and hachinski ischemia score (Hachinski). Results The serum levels of sFas and sFasL in VaD patients were (228.0±60.7)μg/L and (146.8±30.1)μg/L,and in the healthy elderly were (62.4±22.6)μg/L and (82.3 ± 18.7)μg/L,respectively.The serum levels of apoptosis factors in VaD patients were significantly higher than in the healthy controls (t=20.883,14.453,P＜0.01).sFas level was negatively correlated with age,the scores of ADL and Hachiuski while positively with the scores of MMSE (r=-0.956,-0.943,-0.950 and 0.904,all P＜0.01). sFasL level was negatively correlated with the scores of MMSE while positively with age,the scores of ADL and Hachinski (r=-0.899,0.963,0.948 and 0.939,a11 P＜0.01). Conclusions Apoptosis may be involved in the pathological change during VaD and the serum levels of sFas and sFasL might be related with cognition disorders.

ObjectiveTo discuss the correlation of the surgical risk score with the change of T cell subsets and the occurrence of postoperative complications. MethodsA total of 260 patients with hip fractures treated in our department were enrolled in this study and divided into high-risk group ( Group A) and low-risk group (Group B) based on the surgical risk score. The fasting peripheral venous blood was taken in the morning at one day before surgery and at days 1,3, 5, 7 and 14 after surgery for measuring CD3, CD4 and CD8 levels respectively in two groups.In the meantime, the correlation of level changes with risk score and postoperative complications was observed in two groups. ResultsThere were two patients with lung infection in the Group B, with no death. There were two patients with pulmonary infection, one with wound infection and two with deep vein thrombosis, with one death. The postoperative levels of CD3 and CD4 in the Group A and Group B were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ), which reached the lowest level at day 1 after operation and recovered to normal at day 5 after operation. The postoperative levels of CD3 and CD4 in the Group A recovered near to normal at day 7 and to normal at day 14. While the postoperative levels of CD3 and CD4 in the Group B remained low level even at day 14. The level of CD8 decreased at days 1 and 5 in the Group A, then increased and remained relatively stable, while the level of CD8 increased in the Group B. The T cell subsets in both groups recovered from low to high trend at days 1-7 after surgery. The higher preoperative score had more obvious decrease and slower recovery of the T cell subsets. ConclusionsSurgical risk score has positive correlation with the change of T cell subsets and postoperative complications, which can more accurately predict the postoperative outcome of the old patients.

0.91,no significant different was found between BMM and golden standard;t2,3=19.150,P