Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a chronic respiratory disease that poses a significant threat to global health， exhibiting high morbidity， disability and mortality rate， with its prevention and treatment situation becoming increasingly critical. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex， and the underlying cellular and molecular biological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Programmed cell death （PCD） is the process wherein cells actively undergo demise to maintain internal environmental stability in response to certain signals or specific stimuli. Contemporary medical research indicates that the dysregulation of PCD patterns such as apoptosis， necroptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， and ferroptosis is closely related to the onset and progression of COPD. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms of PCD in COPD may provide novel perspectives for in-depth understanding and prevention of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is characterized by holistic regulation. In recent years， extensive research has been conducted in the TCM field focusing on modulating apoptosis， necroptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， and ferroptosis for the treatment of COPD， yielding remarkable achievements. Therefore， this study systematically explored the molecular mechanism of PCD in COPD and reviewed the potential mechanisms and intervention status of TCM targeting PCD in COPD， aiming to provide insights and references for the clinical prevention， treatment and in-depth research of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a chronic respiratory disease that poses a significant threat to global health， exhibiting high morbidity， disability and mortality rate， with its prevention and treatment situation becoming increasingly critical. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex， and the underlying cellular and molecular biological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Programmed cell death （PCD） is the process wherein cells actively undergo demise to maintain internal environmental stability in response to certain signals or specific stimuli. Contemporary medical research indicates that the dysregulation of PCD patterns such as apoptosis， necroptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， and ferroptosis is closely related to the onset and progression of COPD. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms of PCD in COPD may provide novel perspectives for in-depth understanding and prevention of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is characterized by holistic regulation. In recent years， extensive research has been conducted in the TCM field focusing on modulating apoptosis， necroptosis， pyroptosis， autophagy， and ferroptosis for the treatment of COPD， yielding remarkable achievements. Therefore， this study systematically explored the molecular mechanism of PCD in COPD and reviewed the potential mechanisms and intervention status of TCM targeting PCD in COPD， aiming to provide insights and references for the clinical prevention， treatment and in-depth research of COPD.

Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） refers to an infectious inflammation of the lung parenchyma （including the alveolar wall，that is，the broad pulmonary interstitium） acquired outside the hospital. Its common pathogens include streptococcus pneumoniae，respiratory viruses， mycoplasma pneumoniae， and so on. The related factors for the occurrence and development of CAP include patient characteristics （immune function，mucus production and clearance function，coagulation function，physical condition， and comorbidity） and pathogen characteristics （susceptibility，virulence，and antibiotic resistance）. The pathogenesis of CAP lies in immune deficiency，pathogen invasion，inflammatory response disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder， coagulation disorder， and so on. The pathogenesis of CAP in traditional Chinese medicine can be described as "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis". Vital Qi deficiency （lack of immunity） is the potential pathogenesis of the disease and easy to be invaded by external pathogens （respiratory pathogens）. Toxic stasis （inflammatory disorder，mucus production and clearance disorder，and coagulation dysfunction） is the key pathogenic factor. Vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis are intermingled in a state of deficiency and excess，which suggests that the treatment of CAP lies in strengthening vital Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors. This involves strengthening vital Qi in the whole process to consolidate body resistance and nourish promordial Qi. It also involves clearing heat，eliminating phlegm，removing dampness，and dispelling stasis to dispel pathogenic toxins based on the syndrome differentiation. Its action mechanism is to regulate immune and inflammatory responses，resist pathogens，and improve mucus production and clearance， as well as coagulation disorders. Starting from the key pathogenesis of CAP，"vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis"， this paper discussed the pathogenesis of CAP and summarized the action mechanism of vital Qi strengthening for detoxification in its treatment. It is intended to complement the theoretical system by identifying "vital Qi deficiency and toxic stasis" as the key pathogenesis underlying CAP and the scientific connotation of treating CAP with vital Qi strengthening for detoxification，thereby providing insights for its clinical application.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract and can be classified as “fullness of the stomach”， “epigastric pain”， “noise” and other categories in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Sijunzi decoction is composed of Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， and honey-fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis， and it has the effect of tonifying qi and strengthening the spleen. This article summarizes the active ingredients， mechanism of action， and clinical application research progress of Sijunzi decoction in treating gastric cancer. The results show that the main active ingredients of Sijunzi decoction include ginsenosides， atractylenolide， pachymic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， etc.； Sijunzi decoction and its effective ingredients can play an anti-gastric cancer role by inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cell， inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cell， enhancing gastric cancer cell chemotherapy sensitivity， and inhibiting invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cell. In addition， Sijunzi decoction can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs， strengthen the immune function of the body and lower serum cancer marker levels during the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Diarrhea is the most common clinical symptom of the digestive system,its pathogenesis may be related to intestinal infection,intestinal microecological instability,intestinal barrier dysfunction and so on.Sijunzi decoction has the effect of invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach,and supplementing qi and blood.In modern clinical practice,modified Sijunzi decoction combining with other prescriptions,Chinese medicine massage,acupuncture and western medicine attenuates synergies,improves the patients'quality of life,and is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea,but its mechanism has not yet been systematically clarified.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of the mechanism and clinical application of Sijunzi decoction and its modified formula in the treatment of diarrhea,and provides reference for the mechanism research and prevention of Sijunzi decoction and its modified formula in the treatment of diarrhea.

Objective To evaluate the key production process of Jiangshi Granules based on the new mode of combining fingerprint and quantity-value transfer relationship.Methods The fingerprints of Jiangshi Granules extract,extractum and granules were established by HPLC.The common peak transfer number of the fingerprint,the calculation of multi-component content transfer rate,and the paste rate were set as indicators to analyze the quantity and mass transfer law in the production process.The rationality of the preparation process design of Jiangshi Granules was evaluated.Results The fingerprints of 10 batches of Jiangshi Granules extract,extractum and granules were established.17 common peaks were calibrated and 8 peaks were identified.They were respectively tangshenoside I,liquiritin,lobetyolin,isoliquiritin apioside,isoliquiritin,liquiritigenin,glycyrrhizic acid,atractylenolide Ⅲ;the average transfer rates of 8 components from decoction pieces to extract were 29.42%,51.26%,23.81%,34.45%,28.29%,30.22%,42.67%,26.10%;the average transfer rates of extract to extractum were 50.05%,60.04%,51.04%,50.27%,47.60%,52.44%,53.44%,44.97%;the average transfer rates of extractum to granules were 64.83%,78.74%,70.16%,66.56%,70.62%,69.59%,76.97%,66.43%.Conclusion The established fingerprint of Jiangshi Granules extract,extractum and granules is stable and reliable,which emphasizes the integrity of the research process of TCM preparations and provides a basis for the quality control of Jiangshi Granules in the production process.