Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of thermal tomography in breast cancer (BC) screening. Methods We conducted a general population-based BC screening in three regions of Hubei Province (Xiantao, Hongan, and Yangxin Districts). Participants underwent a questionnaire-based interview for baseline data collection. They then received a physical examination, thermal tomography, and ultrasound from doctors and technicians. We compared the efficacies, including sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rates, of ultrasound and thermal tomography in BC screening. Results A total of 59 712 eligible women were included in this screening program. The BI-RADS 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 accordance rates between the two screening methods were 0.9549, 0.8047, 0.9037, 0.3352, and 0, respectively. The overall accordance rate was 0.933 1. The kappa consistency results showed that the Cicchetti-Allison and Fleiss-Cohen kappa values were 0.7970 and 0.8583, respectively. Although the two methods had equal sensitivities, specificity was higher in thermal tomography than in ultrasound. The false-positive rate was lower in thermal tomography than in ultrasound. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of thermal tomography was significantly larger than that of ultrasound. Conclusion The general consistency between thermal tomography and ultrasound in BC screening was high. Thermal tomography outperformed ultrasound in terms of specificity and diagnostic efficiency. Therefore, thermal tomography has a high application value for general population-based BC screening.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract and can be classified as “fullness of the stomach”， “epigastric pain”， “noise” and other categories in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Sijunzi decoction is composed of Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， and honey-fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis， and it has the effect of tonifying qi and strengthening the spleen. This article summarizes the active ingredients， mechanism of action， and clinical application research progress of Sijunzi decoction in treating gastric cancer. The results show that the main active ingredients of Sijunzi decoction include ginsenosides， atractylenolide， pachymic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， etc.； Sijunzi decoction and its effective ingredients can play an anti-gastric cancer role by inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cell， inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cell， enhancing gastric cancer cell chemotherapy sensitivity， and inhibiting invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cell. In addition， Sijunzi decoction can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs， strengthen the immune function of the body and lower serum cancer marker levels during the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the clinical safety and efficacy of a single-position robot-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RRUN) in the treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 136 UTUC patients who underwent RRUN (n=35) and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRUN，n=101) in our hospital during Dec.2020 and Aug.2023.The perioperative and safety indicators of the two groups were compared.The intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS)，recurrence-free survival (RFS)，and overall survival (OS) of the two groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05).All surgeries were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.RRUN demonstrated superior perioperative outcomes compared to LRUN in overall postoperative complication rate [37.1%(13/35) vs. 56.4%(57/101)]，postoperative hospital stay [6(5,7) days vs. 7(6,8) days]，and catheter indwelling time [3(2，4) days vs. 4(3，5) days]，with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Safety indicators of both surgical approaches were similar (P>0.05).Survival analysis showed no significant difference in oncological outcomes between the two groups [IVRFS (1 year：92.1%，2 years：85.2%)，RFS (1 year:82.4%，2 years:74.9%)，OS (1 year:90.6%，2 years:84.2%)] (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with retroperitoneal LRUN，single-position RRUN for UTUC demonstrates comparable safety and oncological efficacy，while offering significant advantages in perioperative outcomes such as reducing postoperative complication rate and shortening hospital stay.

Objective To conduct bibliometric visualization analyses of the literature domestic and overseas on active surveillance of post-marketing safety of drugs,aiming to display the current status and trend of hotspots in this field and to provide references for future research and the improvement of the Chinese management system of active surveillance.Methods The English and Chinese literature on active surveillance of post-marketing safety of drugs were searched in Web of Science and CNKI respectively and imported into CiteSpace 6.3.R2 software for the analysis of the number of publications,authors,institutions,and national cooperative networks,and the analysis of keyword co-occurrence,clustering and emergence.Results 415 Chinese and 676 English literature were included,with an overall increasing trend in annual publication volume.The author collaboration network of Chinese literature was smaller than that of English literature,and the partnership network was sparse,with no strong centralized institution.Domestic drug regulatory agencies played an important role in the field,while drug companies'monitoring research on their own products was still relatively scarce.The research topic covered active surveillance systems,technical method research,and drug safety active surveillance practice research for specific drugs and diseases.Conclusion Countries worldwide have widely considered active surveillance of post-marketing drug safety.The heat of research activities in China has shown a significant growth trend.However,there is still a significant gap compared with the international frontiers.Further cooperation needs to be strengthened to promote the improvement of the active surveillance management system in China.

Research on the mechanisms of depression is currently a focus of the field of neuroscience.The degeneration of brain plasticity(e.g.,decrease in volume,structural degradation,and functional disorder of the hippocampus,PFC,and CG)leads to depression.Exercise is an important means of improving the symptoms of depression.Current research confirms the importance of improving the volume,structure,and function of the hippocampus,PFC,and CG,in this process,but related research has focused solely on changes to the volume of certain brain regions or connectivity functions.Thus,we lack a comprehensive understanding of the antidepressant mechanisms that improve brain plasticity with exercise.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the roles of brain plasticity in the occurrence of depression and improvements to depression through exercise,promoting a more comprehensive understanding the role of brain plasticity in depression.We also provide new ideas for exercise intervention in depression.

Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access of hemodialysis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. However, due to the influence of various factors, new AVF may show immaturity, which will affect the use and dialysis effect of vascular access. AVF maturation is an important clinical concern. It is important to clarify the physiological and biochemical factors, and biological mechanisms of AVF immaturation. Based on the literature, this review focuses on the biological mechanisms of AVF maturation and the physiological and biochemical factors affecting AVF maturation, including vascular conditions, gender and age, and underlying diseases, to provide reference for improving the clinical maturation rate of AVF and the treatment effect in hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of urinary infection after radical cystectomy in elderly patients with bladder cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 56 elderly patients with bladder cancer who developed urinary infection after radical cystectomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from March 2020 to February 2023. All patients were included in the case group. A total of 168 patients without urinary infection after radical cystectomy were collected at a ratio of 1∶3 into the control group. Baseline data and perioperative data were collected, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of urinary infection after radical cystectomy in elderly patients with bladder cancer.Results:Single factor analysis showed that the diabetes proportion, hydronephrosis proportion, nutrition risk proportion, inhalation anesthesia proportion, senile weakness proportion, stress hyperglycemia proportion, albumin (ALB) <35 g/L proportion and urine bag replacement time in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group: 66.07% (37/56) vs. 44.64% (75/168), 69.64% (39/56) vs. 46.43% (78/168), 66.07% (37/56) vs. 41.67% (70/168), 73.21% (41/56) vs. 48.81% (82/168), 55.36% (31/56) vs. 35.12% (59/168), 41.07% (23/56) vs. 20.24% (34/168), 55.36% (31/56) vs. 36.90% (62/168), (7.52 ± 1.65) d vs. (6.62 ± 1.44) d, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that nutrition risk, inhalation anesthesia, stress hyperglycemia and senile weakness were independent factors of urinary infection after radical cystectomy in elderly patients with bladder cancer ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Urinary infection after radical cystectomy in the elderly patients with bladder cancer is closely related to nutritional risk, inhalation anesthesia, stress hyperglycemia and senile weakness. Attention to the above factors and symptomatic intervention are important for prevention and treatment of urinary infection.

Objective To studyexplore the reversal effect of S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)on chemotherapy resistancechemoresis-tance of pancreatic cancer and explore its related mechanisms.Methods After treatment of human pancreatic cancer resistant cell lines PANC-1/GEM with SAM,the cell proliferation activity of PANC-1/GEM cells and their resistance to gemcitabine(GEM)were ana-lyzed by MTT assay;The the effect of SAM on apoptosis rate of PANC-1/GEM cells was detected by flow cytometry;the change of SAM on the migration activity of drug-resistant cell lines was detected by cell scratch assay;the expression of NEDD4-1 protein in drug-re-sistant cell lines and the changes of NEDD4-1,p-JAK2,p-STAT3 and P-gp protein levels after SAM treatment were detected by Western blot.Results SAM could inhibit the activity of pancreatic cancer PANC-1/GEM resistant cell lines and significantly decreased its resistance to GEM chemotherapy.The IC50 value decreased from 1557.50±201.10nmol/L to 218.39±20.61 nmol/L(P＜0.01);SAM can obviously induced the apoptosis of drug-resistant cell lines and inhibited their migration activity;the expression of NEDD4-1 protein was up-regulated in drug-resistant cell lines,and SAM could inhibit the activation levels of NEDD4-1,p-JAK2,p-STAT3 and P-gp proteins.Conclusion SAM can reduce the chemotherapy resistance of PANC-1/GEM cells to GEM by regulating NEDD4-1 to inhibit the activity of JAK2/STAT3 pathway and regulate the activity of P-gp protein,which provides some experimental evidence for the clinical application of SAM in the treatment of chemotherapy resistance in tumor patients.

Diarrhea is the most common clinical symptom of the digestive system,its pathogenesis may be related to intestinal infection,intestinal microecological instability,intestinal barrier dysfunction and so on.Sijunzi decoction has the effect of invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach,and supplementing qi and blood.In modern clinical practice,modified Sijunzi decoction combining with other prescriptions,Chinese medicine massage,acupuncture and western medicine attenuates synergies,improves the patients'quality of life,and is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea,but its mechanism has not yet been systematically clarified.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of the mechanism and clinical application of Sijunzi decoction and its modified formula in the treatment of diarrhea,and provides reference for the mechanism research and prevention of Sijunzi decoction and its modified formula in the treatment of diarrhea.

Objective To observe the value of deep learning(DL)models for automatic classification of echocardiographic views.Methods Totally 100 patients after heart transplantation were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training set,validation set and test set at a ratio of 7∶2∶1.ResNet18,ResNet34,Swin Transformer and Swin Transformer V2 models were established based on 2D apical two chamber view,2D apical three chamber view,2D apical four chamber view,2D subcostal view,parasternal long-axis view of left ventricle,short-axis view of great arteries,short-axis view of apex of left ventricle,short-axis view of papillary muscle of left ventricle,short-axis view of mitral valve of left ventricle,also 3D and CDFI views of echocardiography.The accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score and confusion matrix were used to evaluate the performance of each model for automatically classifying echocardiographic views.The interactive interface was designed based on Qt Designer software and deployed on the desktop.Results The performance of models for automatically classifying echocardiographic views in test set were all good,with relatively poor performance for 2D short-axis view of left ventricle and superior performance for 3D and CDFI views.Swin Transformer V2 was the optimal model for automatically classifying echocardiographic views,with high accuracy,precision,recall and F1 score was 92.56％,89.01％,89.97％and 89.31％,respectively,which also had the highest diagonal value in confusion matrix and showed the best classification effect on various views in t-SNE figure.Conclusion DL model had good performance for automatically classifying echocardiographic views,especially Swin Transformer V2 model had the best performance.Using interactive classification interface could improve the interpretability of prediction results to some extent.