Among solid tumors,melanoma brain metastasis(MBM)has the highest incidence and is the leading cause of death in advanced melanoma patients.BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently effective treatments for brain metastases in melanoma patients.However,due to the existing blood-brain barrier and special intracranial microenviroment,the overall survival of patients has not been significantly improved,which has become a major difficulty in current treatment.Therefore,investigating the mechanisms of brain metastasis is crucial for refining the treatment strategies and improving the prognosis and survival outcomes in advanced melanoma patients.In this paper,the research progress of MBM mechanism in recent years is summarized,in order to provide new ideas for follow-up clinical work.

Among solid tumors,melanoma brain metastasis(MBM)has the highest incidence and is the leading cause of death in advanced melanoma patients.BRAF/MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently effective treatments for brain metastases in melanoma patients.However,due to the existing blood-brain barrier and special intracranial microenviroment,the overall survival of patients has not been significantly improved,which has become a major difficulty in current treatment.Therefore,investigating the mechanisms of brain metastasis is crucial for refining the treatment strategies and improving the prognosis and survival outcomes in advanced melanoma patients.In this paper,the research progress of MBM mechanism in recent years is summarized,in order to provide new ideas for follow-up clinical work.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction on respiratory and oxygenation functions and the ex-pression levels of serum aquaporin(AQP)1 and AQP5 in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction of lung heat and fu-organ repletion type.METHODS 60 patients with severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunc-tion of lung heat and fu-organ repletion type were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 30 cases each.The control group received standardized Western medicine treatment,and the treatment group was treated with Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction in addition to the control group.Both groups were treated for 7 d.The respiratory rate and oxygenation index,mechanical ventilation u-tilization rate,the clinical score including CURB-65 and CPIS scores,TCM syndrome score,gastrointestinal function indicators inclu-ding intra-abdominal pressure,serum gastrin(GAS)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),AQP1 and AQP5 levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Ventilation utilization and ICU hospitalization days during treatment were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment,compared with the control group,the respiratory rate,TCM syndrome score and intra-abdominal pressure in the treatment group were decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01);meanwhile,the oxygenation index and the levels of serum GAS,AQP1 and AQP5 were increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction can significantly improve clinical symptoms such as respiratory and oxygenation functions in patients,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of AQP1 and AQP5.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the Orthopneumovirus  genus of the Pneumoviridae family in the order Mononegavirales. RSV can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections, sometimes with extrapulmonary complications. The disease burden of RSV infection is enormous, mainly affecting infants and older adults aged 75 years or above. Currently, treatment options for RSV are largely supportive. Prevention strategies remain a critical focus, with efforts centered on vaccine development and the use of prophylactic monoclonal antibodies. To date, three RSV vaccines have been approved for active immunization among individuals aged 60 years and above. For children who are not eligible for these vaccines, passive immunization is recommended. A newly approved prophylactic monoclonal antibody, Nirsevimab, which offers enhanced neutralizing activity and an extended half-life, provides exceptional protection for high-risk infants and young children. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed exploration of RSV's virology, immunology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/pathogenicity* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use*