Objective:To explore the implementation effect of the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode in the course of laboratory diagnostics under the background of automatic laboratory.Methods:The"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode conducted teaching in course of laboratory diagnostics through carefully designed"anchors",self-directed learning,a second"anchor"placement,and outcome sharing.A total of 224 medical students of the 2021 and 2022 grades,who majored Chinese medicine in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and conducted their internships in the Laboratory of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from April 2023 to April 2025,were selected.According to different teaching modes,the 108 medical students of 2022 grade were divided into the combined teaching group that adopted the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode to conduct teaching,and 116 medical students of 2021 grade were divided into the conventional teaching group that adopted conventional teaching mode to conduct teaching.After completed the courses,the comprehensive competency of these students of two groups during the internship were measured,and the application effect of the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode was assessed by self-made survey questionnaire.Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge test and clinical case analysis assessment of the students of combined teaching group were respectively(44.19±2.36)and(48.20±1.52),all of which were higher than(38.36±2.14)and(37.56±2.47)of conventional teaching group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=28.72,55.71,P<0.05),respectively.In the combined teaching group,91.67%of the students expressed a preference for the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode.Conclusion:Under the background of automatic laboratory,the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode of laboratory diagnostics can effectively enhance students'transfer ability for knowledge,and strengthen their self-directed learning awareness,and lay a solid foundation for training clinical practice abilities of medical students.

Objective To analyze the correlation between ferroptosis and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients with fractures.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with fracture were divided into the control group and the POCD group according to whether POCD occurred,with 60 cases in each group.Basic data of the two groups were collected.The levels of nerve injury indicators[brain myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)],and fractures markers[glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4(ACSL4)]were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h after surgery.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of POCD in elderly patients with fracture.The correlations between MBP,GFAP and GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze predictive values of MBP,GFAP,GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 levels to POCD.Results The age,proportion of general anesthesia,anesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and MBP,GFAP,COX2,ACSL4 levels were higher in the POCD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while GPX4 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of MBP and GFAP were negatively correlated with levels of GPX4 in elderly patients with fractures,and positively correlated with levels of COX2 and ACSL4(P＜0.05).Advanced age,general anesthesia,long duration of anesthesia,increased levels of MBP,GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4,and decreased level of GPX4 were independent risk factors for POCD in elderly fracture patients(P＜0.05).The critical values of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 for predicting POCD in elderly patients with fractures were GPX4≤23.05 μg/L,COX2≥20.35 μg/L and ACSL4≥237.85 μg/L,and the AUC were 0.869,0.736 and 0.841.The sensitivity was 76.67%,68.33%and 88.33%,and the specificity was 86.67%,78.33%and 75.00%,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4 was higher than that of MBP and GFAP.Conclusion The incidence of POCD in elderly patients with fracture is associated with ferroptosis,and levels of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 have certain predictive value for the incidence of POCD after surgery in elderly patients with fracture.

Objective To analyze the correlation between ferroptosis and post operative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)in elderly patients with fractures.Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with fracture were divided into the control group and the POCD group according to whether POCD occurred,with 60 cases in each group.Basic data of the two groups were collected.The levels of nerve injury indicators[brain myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)],and fractures markers[glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 4(ACSL4)]were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 6 h after surgery.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors of POCD in elderly patients with fracture.The correlations between MBP,GFAP and GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to analyze predictive values of MBP,GFAP,GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 levels to POCD.Results The age,proportion of general anesthesia,anesthesia time,intraoperative blood loss and MBP,GFAP,COX2,ACSL4 levels were higher in the POCD group than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while GPX4 was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of MBP and GFAP were negatively correlated with levels of GPX4 in elderly patients with fractures,and positively correlated with levels of COX2 and ACSL4(P＜0.05).Advanced age,general anesthesia,long duration of anesthesia,increased levels of MBP,GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4,and decreased level of GPX4 were independent risk factors for POCD in elderly fracture patients(P＜0.05).The critical values of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 for predicting POCD in elderly patients with fractures were GPX4≤23.05 μg/L,COX2≥20.35 μg/L and ACSL4≥237.85 μg/L,and the AUC were 0.869,0.736 and 0.841.The sensitivity was 76.67%,68.33%and 88.33%,and the specificity was 86.67%,78.33%and 75.00%,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of GFAP,COX2 and ACSL4 was higher than that of MBP and GFAP.Conclusion The incidence of POCD in elderly patients with fracture is associated with ferroptosis,and levels of GPX4,COX2 and ACSL4 have certain predictive value for the incidence of POCD after surgery in elderly patients with fracture.

Objective:To explore the implementation effect of the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode in the course of laboratory diagnostics under the background of automatic laboratory.Methods:The"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode conducted teaching in course of laboratory diagnostics through carefully designed"anchors",self-directed learning,a second"anchor"placement,and outcome sharing.A total of 224 medical students of the 2021 and 2022 grades,who majored Chinese medicine in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and conducted their internships in the Laboratory of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from April 2023 to April 2025,were selected.According to different teaching modes,the 108 medical students of 2022 grade were divided into the combined teaching group that adopted the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode to conduct teaching,and 116 medical students of 2021 grade were divided into the conventional teaching group that adopted conventional teaching mode to conduct teaching.After completed the courses,the comprehensive competency of these students of two groups during the internship were measured,and the application effect of the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode was assessed by self-made survey questionnaire.Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge test and clinical case analysis assessment of the students of combined teaching group were respectively(44.19±2.36)and(48.20±1.52),all of which were higher than(38.36±2.14)and(37.56±2.47)of conventional teaching group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=28.72,55.71,P<0.05),respectively.In the combined teaching group,91.67%of the students expressed a preference for the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode.Conclusion:Under the background of automatic laboratory,the"four-step teaching of encouraging and sharing"combined anchor-based teaching mode of laboratory diagnostics can effectively enhance students'transfer ability for knowledge,and strengthen their self-directed learning awareness,and lay a solid foundation for training clinical practice abilities of medical students.

Objective To explore the value of tuberculosis infected T cells spot test(T-SPOT.TB),heated mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleic acid amplification testing(TB-SAT),and adenosine deaminase(ADA)in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion.Methods A total of 135 patients with pleural effusion treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects,including 83 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 52 patients with non-tuberculous pleural effusion.All these patients received peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB,chest water TB-SAT and chest water ADA tests,and the sensitivity and specificity of the above three methods in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion alone and in combination were compared.Results In terms of sensitivity and specificity,there was no statistically significant difference among the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion alone(P＞0.05).The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=4.990,13.410,14.590;P＜0.05),while the specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=0.000,2.420,0.060;P＞0.05).The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the ADA test alone(x2=4.069,P＜0.05),but showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB and TB-SAT tests alone(x2=0.055,3.384;P＞0.05).The specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly lower than that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=4.370,12.511,5.371;P＜0.05).The sensitivity of the TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=0.000,2.604,3.213;P＞0.05).The specificity of the TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly lower than that of the TB-SAT test alone(x2=5.765,P＜0.05),but showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB and ADA tests alone(x2=0.782,1.251;P＞0.05).The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=6.760,15.755,16.966;P＜0.05),while the specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly lower than that of the T-SPOT.TB,TB-SAT and ADA tests alone(x2=4.370,12.511,5.371;P＜0.05).The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA and TB-SAT+ADA combined tests(x2=4.090,4.990;P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion between the T-SPOT.TB+ADA combined test and the TB-SAT+ADA combined test(x2=0.060,P＞0.05).The specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA combined test(x2=4.371,P＜0.05);the specificity of the TB-SAT+ADA combined test showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT and T-SPOT.TB+ADA combined tests(x2=0.780,1.490;P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion between the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test and the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test(x2=0.210,P＞0.05);the sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly higher than that of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA and TB-SAT+ADA combined tests(x2=5.750,6.760;P＜0.05).The specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly lower than that of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT combined test(x2=4.370,P＜0.05);the specificity of the T-SPOT.TB+TB-SAT+ADA combined test in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion showed no significant difference with that of the T-SPOT.TB+ADA and TB-SAT+ADA combined tests(x2=0.000,1.490;P＞0.05).Conclusion The combined detection performs better than the single detection in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion,and the peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB combined with chest water TB-SAT performs the best in detecting tuberculous pleural effusion.The combined detection can effectively reduce the missed diagnosis rate and the misdiagnosis rate,and has high clinical application value for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion.

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)in the treatment of the pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency(GHD)and idiopathic short stature(ISS),and to clarify its clinical application value in the pediatric patients with short stature of different etiologies.Methods:The clinical data of 132 children with short stature who treated with rhGH from January 2018 to January 2023 were collected.They were divided into GHD group(n=70)and ISS group(n=62)based on different etiologies.The bone age,target height(TH),body mass index(BMI),height standard deviation score(HtSDS),changes in height standard deviation scores(ΔHtSDS)before treatment and 6 months after treatment,and growth velocity(GV)of the pediatric patients were calculated.Propensity score matching(PSM)and inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)were used to balance the confounding factors between the pediatric patients in two groups and the efficacy and safety of the pediatric patients in two groups were evaluated.Results:There were significant differences in whether children were full-term,bone age,bone age maturity,and TH of the pediatric patients between two groups(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the height and HtSDS of the pediatric patients in both GHD and ISS groups were significantly increased after treated for 6 months(P<0.05).Before matched by PSM,there were significant differences in full-term,bone age,bone age maturity,and TH of the pediatric patients between two groups(P<0.05).After matched by PSM,there were no significant differences in gender,region,term birth status,mode of delivery,feeding method,age,bone age,height,BMI,TH,and pretreatment HtSDS of the pediatric patients between two groups(P>0.05);the standardized mean difference(SMD)differences of covariates except for region were<0.2.After weighted by IPTW,there were no significant differences in gender,region,term birth status,mode of delivery,feeding method,age,bone age,height,BMI,TH,and pretreatment HtSDS of the pediatric patients between two groups(P>0.05);all SMD of covariates except for term birth status were<0.2.Before balancing covariates,after meatched by PSM matching,and after weighted by IPTW weighting compared with GHD group,the GV and ΔHtSDS of the pediatric patients in ISS group were slightly increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).In terms of adverse reactions,2 cases(2.68%)of fasting hyperglycemia and 7 cases(10.00%)of hypothyroidism occurred in GHD group;3 cases(4.84%)of fasting hyperglycemia and 2 cases(3.23%)of hypothyroidism occurred in ISS group.Conclusion:rhGH can promote the height increase in the patients with GHD and ISS,and there is no significant difference in the height-increasing efficacy between GHD and ISS children.The incidence of adverse reactions is relatively low during treatment,indicating good overall safety.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Shuerjing Capsule in treating primary dysmenorrhea based on molecular docking of network pharmacology and in vivo experiment.Methods:By using TCMSP to screen the active components and targets of Shuerjing Capsule; by using GeneCards and DrungBank databases to retrieve targeted proteins of primary dysmenorrhea, and the intersection targets of drugs and diseases were obtained through Weishengxin online platform; by using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software to produce component-target network of Shuerjing Capsule for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea; by STRING databases to construct drug-disease target PPI network; by DAVID database to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.The key active components of the drug and the core targets of the disease were obtained with molecular docking. The rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group of Shujing Capsule (0.15, 0.21, 0.42 g/kg), and ibuprofen group (20 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. The animal model of primary dysmenorrhea was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate and intervented by drugs. The number of writhing reaction, uterine contractile inhibition rate and uterine index of rats were observed. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 in serum and the levels of PTGS2 and VEGFA in uterine tissue were detected by ELISA.Results:A total of 188 active ingredients of Shuerjing Capsule were screened, and 51 targets of Shuerjing Capsule and primary dysmenorrhea were identified. TNF, IL-6, AKT1 and TP53 may be the key targets of Shuerjing Capsule in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. A total of 519 GO biological processes and 119 related signaling pathways were obtained, among which estrogen, IL-17, HIF-1 and other signaling pathways were closely related to the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. The results of molecular docking were good, among which stigmasterol had the strongest binding ability to TP53. The experimental results showed that compared with the model group, the uterine index and the number of torsion were decreased in the low -, medium - and high-dose Shuojing Capsule groups ( P<0.05), the uterine contraction inhibition rate increased ( P<0.05); Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 of medium and high dose group decreased ( P<0.05), the levels of PTGS2 and VEGFA in uterine tissues decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Shuerjing Capsule has the effect of anti-inflammatation and improveing hypoxia, which may be related to the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 inflammatory factors in serum and the expression of PTGS2 and VEGFA proteins in uterine tissues.

Objective:To investigate the difference in clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) between patients of different gender.Methods:Through the hospital electronic medical record system, clinical data of patients hospitalized because of DILI at Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The collected information included gender, age, body mass index, underlying diseases, medication, results of the first laboratory tests after admission, clinical manifestation and types of DILI, etc. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to gender and the clinical characteristics of DILI were compared. The factors affecting death/liver transplantation in DILI patients were analyzed by Cox regression method.Results:A total of 616 patients with DILI were entered, including 139 males (22.6%) and 477 females (77.4%). The median age was 56 (47, 64) years, ranging from 18 to 80 years. Drugs that caused DILI were traditional Chinese medicine and/or health care products (TCMHCP) in 345 patients (56.0%), western drugs in 148 patients (24.0%), and TCMHCP and western drugs in 123 patients (20.0%). Death/liver transplantation occurred in 42 patients (6.8%), including 3 liver transplantation, 19 death directly caused by the liver disease, and 20 death with causes other than liver disease. The incidences of dark urine and abdominal distension, severe liver injury, and death/liver transplantation in male patients were all higher than those in female patients, respectively [71.9% (100/139) vs. 60.0% (286/477), P=0.010; 28.8% (40/139) vs. 18.7% (89/477), P=0.010; 46.8% (65/139) vs. 40.5% (193/477), P<0.001; 15.1% (21/477) vs. 4.4% (21/139), P<0.001]. Laboratory test results such as the white blood cell count, hemoglobin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total bile acid, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in male patients were all higher than those in female patients, while the levels of pre-albumin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and serum creatinine were lower (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that male, older age, low albumin, high total bile acid, high serum creatinine, and prolonged international normalized ratio (INR) were the independent influencing factors of death/liver transplantation in patients with DILI. Conclusions:Clinical manifestation are different in DILI patients of different gender hospitalized in the Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendshop Hospital, Capital Medical University. In male patients, cholestasis is more obvious, the disease condition is more serious, and death/liver transplantation is more common. Male patients and patients with older age, lower albumin, higher total bile acid, higher serum creatinine, and higher INR are more prone to death/liver transplantation, which should be paid attention to in clinic.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in elderly patients.Methods:The clinical data (including demographic characteristics, clinical features and relevant laboratory tests, suspected pathogenic drugs, and prognosis of DILI, etc.) of patients hospitalized due to DILI from January 2009 to December 2020 were collected through the DILI Data-base in Liver Research Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were divided into young group (<40 years old), middle-aged group (40-59 years old), and elderly group (≥ 60 years old) according to their ages. The demographic characteristics, clinical features, and prognosis of DILI were compared among the 3 groups. The risk factors for all-cause death/liver transplantation in DILI patients were analyzed using univariate and multivariate COX regression models.Results:A total of 620 patients were entered in the study, including 477 females (76.9%) and 143 males (23.1%), with a median age of 56 (46, 64) years. There were 101 patients (16.3%) in the young group, 273 (44.0%) in the middle-aged group, and 246 (39.7%) in the elderly group, respectively. Compared with the young and middle-aged group respectively, patients in the elderly group had less fever [5.7% (14/246) vs. 18.8% (19/101) and 11.4% (31/273)], more abdominal distension [26.8% (66/246) vs. 11.9% (12/101) and 18.7% (51/273)], higher levels of alkaline phosphatase [171 (127, 265) U/L vs. 146 (104, 218) U/L and 158 (114, 221) U/L], gamma-glutamyltransferase [211 (132, 361) U/L vs. 122 (67, 200) U/L and 167 (94, 291) U/L], and serum creatinine [70 (59, 81) μmol/L vs. 58 (49, 72) μmol/L and 63 (57, 71) μmol/L], lower levels of serum albumin [36.2 (32.0, 38.8) g/L vs. 38.4 (35.2, 41.3) g/L and 37.3 (34.1, 40.7) g/L], immunoglobulin M [840 (610, 1190) mg/L vs. 1 030 (820, 1 460) mg/L and 1 060 (700, 1 480) mg/L], and platelet counts [186 (143, 236)×10 9/L vs. 214 (174, 270)×10 9/L and 210 (160, 257)×10 9/L], higher proportion of cholestasis type [13.0% (32/246) vs. 3.0% (3/101) and 5.5% (15/273)], lower rate of normalized liver function [80.5% (198/246) vs. 88.1% (89/101) and 89.0% (243/273)], and higher proportion of all-cause death/liver transplantation [5.7% (14/246) vs. 3.0% (3/101) and 1.5% (4/273)]. The differences above mentioned were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that age [hazard ratio ( HR)=1.029, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.002-1.056, P=0.034), serum albumin ( HR=0.933, 95% CI: 0.883-0.985, P=0.012), cholesterol ( HR=1.006, 95% CI: 1.004-1.008, P<0.001), serum creatinine ( HR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.000-1.015, P=0.049), and severity of DILI ( HR=2.328, 95% CI: 1.692-3.202, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors of all-cause death/liver transplantation in DILI patients. Conclusions:Age, serum albumin, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, and severity of DILI are independent influencing factors for all-cause death/liver transplantation in DILI. Cholestatic liver injury is more common in elderly patients with DILI and the prognosis is poor, which needs more clinical attention.

Objective:To investigate the difference in clinical characteristics of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) between patients of different gender.Methods:Through the hospital electronic medical record system, clinical data of patients hospitalized because of DILI at Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The collected information included gender, age, body mass index, underlying diseases, medication, results of the first laboratory tests after admission, clinical manifestation and types of DILI, etc. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to gender and the clinical characteristics of DILI were compared. The factors affecting death/liver transplantation in DILI patients were analyzed by Cox regression method.Results:A total of 616 patients with DILI were entered, including 139 males (22.6%) and 477 females (77.4%). The median age was 56 (47, 64) years, ranging from 18 to 80 years. Drugs that caused DILI were traditional Chinese medicine and/or health care products (TCMHCP) in 345 patients (56.0%), western drugs in 148 patients (24.0%), and TCMHCP and western drugs in 123 patients (20.0%). Death/liver transplantation occurred in 42 patients (6.8%), including 3 liver transplantation, 19 death directly caused by the liver disease, and 20 death with causes other than liver disease. The incidences of dark urine and abdominal distension, severe liver injury, and death/liver transplantation in male patients were all higher than those in female patients, respectively [71.9% (100/139) vs. 60.0% (286/477), P=0.010; 28.8% (40/139) vs. 18.7% (89/477), P=0.010; 46.8% (65/139) vs. 40.5% (193/477), P<0.001; 15.1% (21/477) vs. 4.4% (21/139), P<0.001]. Laboratory test results such as the white blood cell count, hemoglobin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total bile acid, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in male patients were all higher than those in female patients, while the levels of pre-albumin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and serum creatinine were lower (all P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that male, older age, low albumin, high total bile acid, high serum creatinine, and prolonged international normalized ratio (INR) were the independent influencing factors of death/liver transplantation in patients with DILI. Conclusions:Clinical manifestation are different in DILI patients of different gender hospitalized in the Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendshop Hospital, Capital Medical University. In male patients, cholestasis is more obvious, the disease condition is more serious, and death/liver transplantation is more common. Male patients and patients with older age, lower albumin, higher total bile acid, higher serum creatinine, and higher INR are more prone to death/liver transplantation, which should be paid attention to in clinic.