AIM: To compare the progression of myopia in children wearing orthokeratology lenses combined with low-concentration atropine before and after drug withdrawal, to determine the rebound effect of drug withdrawal in orthokeratology lens wearers, and to analyze its causes based on changes in pupil diameter.METHODS:A prospective case-control study was conducted to collect 80 children with myopia who were treated with orthokeratology lenses combined with 0.01% atropine ophthalmic gel at the Xi'an No.1 Hospital from January to June 2022. One year later, they were divided into a drug withdrawal group(Group A, 40 cases)and a continuous medication group(Group B, 40 cases)based on whether they stopped taking the medication. The progression of myopia before and after drug withdrawal was observed by analyzing changes in axial length(AL)and spherical equivalent(SE)in the group A within 1 a before and after drug withdrawal. The changes in AL, pupil diameter(PD), and SE were compared between the group A and group B within 2 a, and the correlation between PD and AL growth was analyzed.RESULTS:In the group A, the AL increased by 0.17±0.23 and 0.29±0.18 mm at 0.5 and 1 a after drug withdrawal, respectively, which were both greater than before drug withdrawal(t=5.318, 2.983, both P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in SE growth between the two time points(P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in AL and PD between the group A and group B at baseline, 0.5 and 1 a during combined medication(all P>0.05). At 1.5 a, the AL growth of the group A was greater than that of the group B(0.32±0.27 mm vs 0.26±0.20 mm, t=7.363, P<0.001), and the PD was smaller than that of the group B(3.60±1.25 mm vs 4.12±1.92 mm, t=-7.541, P<0.001). At 2 a, the AL growth of the group A was greater than that of the group B(0.44±0.18 mm vs 0.32±0.14 mm, t=5.709, P<0.001), and the PD was smaller than that of the group B(3.67±1.31 mm vs 4.02±1.67 mm, t=-4.281, P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between PD and AL growth at 0.5 and 1 a follow-ups over 2 a(R2=-0.156, -0.190, both P<0.001).CONCLUSION: After stopping low-concentration atropine in children wearing orthokeratology lenses, AL increased more rapidly than before drug withdrawal, PD decreased, and SE changed little. Compared with continuous medication, discontinuation of medication led to faster progression of AL with little change in diopter, and the larger the PD during orthokeratology lens wear, the slower the progression of AL.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter and the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:A total of 130 patients with DR Admitted to the Xi′an First Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects (DR group), and 139 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not develop retinopathy during the same period (non-DR group) were selected. The characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter and the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. The patients with DR were divided into two groups according to whether retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities occurred. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-126 and miR-141-3p levels in peripheral blood and retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities in DR patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to examine the predictive efficacy of peripheral blood miR-126 and miR-141-3p levels on retinal neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR.Results:There were significant differences in retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter between DR And non-DR patients. The retinal features of DR patients were significant, showing that a large number of new blood vessels form in and around the optic disc, spread to the entire retina, and form a fragile network structure, which was easy to be damaged and adhere to the vitreous cortex, and wound not disappear by itself and might invade the vitreous. The vascular diameter varied greatly, partial dilation showed abnormal blood flow, and partial stenosis reflected vascular damage. There was no significant retinal neovascularization in the non-DR group. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the non-DR group (all P<0.05). Among 130 patients with DR, 62 of them had abnormal retinal neovascularization and tube diameter, accounting for 47.69%. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood of DR patients with retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities were lower than those in the non-DR group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood were associated with abnormal retinal neovascularization and tube diameter in DR patients (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that miR-126 and miR-141-3p had good predictive value for the occurrence of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR. Conclusions:Some patients with DR have abnormal characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter, and peripheral blood miR-126 and miR-141-3p are related to the neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter and the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:A total of 130 patients with DR Admitted to the Xi′an First Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects (DR group), and 139 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not develop retinopathy during the same period (non-DR group) were selected. The characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter and the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. The patients with DR were divided into two groups according to whether retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities occurred. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-126 and miR-141-3p levels in peripheral blood and retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities in DR patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to examine the predictive efficacy of peripheral blood miR-126 and miR-141-3p levels on retinal neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR.Results:There were significant differences in retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter between DR And non-DR patients. The retinal features of DR patients were significant, showing that a large number of new blood vessels form in and around the optic disc, spread to the entire retina, and form a fragile network structure, which was easy to be damaged and adhere to the vitreous cortex, and wound not disappear by itself and might invade the vitreous. The vascular diameter varied greatly, partial dilation showed abnormal blood flow, and partial stenosis reflected vascular damage. There was no significant retinal neovascularization in the non-DR group. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in the DR group were significantly lower than those in the non-DR group (all P<0.05). Among 130 patients with DR, 62 of them had abnormal retinal neovascularization and tube diameter, accounting for 47.69%. The levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood of DR patients with retinal neovascularization and vascular diameter abnormalities were lower than those in the non-DR group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of miR-126 and miR-141-3p in peripheral blood were associated with abnormal retinal neovascularization and tube diameter in DR patients (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that miR-126 and miR-141-3p had good predictive value for the occurrence of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR. Conclusions:Some patients with DR have abnormal characteristics of retinal neovascularization and tube diameter, and peripheral blood miR-126 and miR-141-3p are related to the neovascularization and tube diameter abnormalities in patients with DR.