Objective To investigate the differences in cortical activation and functional connectivity during speech under different cognitive loads in young individuals.Methods Twenty-one participants(mean age 21.9±1.33 years)were instructed to read short sentences embedded with color words under both congruent(where the color words matched the font color)and incongruent(where the color words did not match the font color)condi-tions.The color words required reading the font color instead of the word itself.Functional near-infrared spectros-copy(fNIRS)was utilized to analyze differences in cortical activation(changes in HbO concentration)and functional connectivity(Pearson correlation of HbO between brain regions)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)and supplementary motor area(SMA)bilaterally.Results The fNIRS results revealed significant increase in HbO con-centration changes in the RDLPFC(t=3.4,P=0.003),LDLPFC(t=2.58,P=0.019),RSMA(t=3.59,P=0.002),and LSMA(t=4.06,P=0.001)under the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition.Additionally,there was a significant enhancement in the correlation between RDLPFC and LDLPFC(t=2.44,P=0.025).However,the differences in correlation between left and right SMA,as well as between SMA and DLPFC,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that during speech under incongru-ent conditions,increased cognitive load leads to elevated cortical activation in the DLPFC and SMA,along with in-creased functional connectivity between the left and right DLPFC.

Objective To investigate the differences in cortical activation and functional connectivity during speech under different cognitive loads in young individuals.Methods Twenty-one participants(mean age 21.9±1.33 years)were instructed to read short sentences embedded with color words under both congruent(where the color words matched the font color)and incongruent(where the color words did not match the font color)condi-tions.The color words required reading the font color instead of the word itself.Functional near-infrared spectros-copy(fNIRS)was utilized to analyze differences in cortical activation(changes in HbO concentration)and functional connectivity(Pearson correlation of HbO between brain regions)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)and supplementary motor area(SMA)bilaterally.Results The fNIRS results revealed significant increase in HbO con-centration changes in the RDLPFC(t=3.4,P=0.003),LDLPFC(t=2.58,P=0.019),RSMA(t=3.59,P=0.002),and LSMA(t=4.06,P=0.001)under the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition.Additionally,there was a significant enhancement in the correlation between RDLPFC and LDLPFC(t=2.44,P=0.025).However,the differences in correlation between left and right SMA,as well as between SMA and DLPFC,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that during speech under incongru-ent conditions,increased cognitive load leads to elevated cortical activation in the DLPFC and SMA,along with in-creased functional connectivity between the left and right DLPFC.

OBJECTIVE To conduct rapid health technology assessment （HTA） of ulinastatin （UTI）， and to evaluate the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of UTI in the treatment of acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang database， CBM and official websites of HTA institutions， the systematic review （SR）/meta-analysis， economic evaluation and HTA reports of UTI in the treatment of AP were collected from the inception to Apr. 2024. Two researchers independently conducted screening， quality evaluation and data extraction according to the admission and exclusion criteria， and descriptive analysis was adopted to analyze and summarize the data. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included， involving 15 SR/meta-analysis and 4 economic studies， and no HTA report was retrieved. In the treatment of AP， UTI showed clear advantages over conventional treatment alone in terms of improving the overall effective rate， shortening the recovery time of amylase， reducing the time required to relieve abdominal pain and distension， lowering the mortality rate， and decreasing the average hospital stay. Compared to other positive drugs （carbendate mesylate， octreotide， somatostatin， etc.）， its efficacy is similar， with a favorable safety profile. As far as the current research was concerned， UTI had obvious economic advantages over other positive drugs. CONCLUSIONS UTI is safe and effective in the treatment of AP， and has economic advantages.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the hemostatic effect and safety of snake venom hemocoagulase drugs in abdominal surgery， so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinic. METHODS Retrieved from Embase， Cochrane Library， PubMed， China Biomedical Literature Database， CNKI and Wanfang database， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about 3 kinds of snake venom hemocoagulase drugs （Hemocoagulase injection， Hemocoagulase Bothrops atrox for injection， Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection） in abdominal surgery were collected from the establishment of the database to Aug. 2023. Screening， quality evaluation， and data extraction were conducted on literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， and Cochrane 5.1 was used for literature quality evaluation. The risk bias diagram and network diagram were drawn by Stata 15.1 software， and the Bayesian network meta-analysis was carried out by using R 3.6.2 software and Markov chain-Monte Carlo method. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 1 401 patients， 852 in the study group， and 549 in the control group. In terms of hemostatic effect， Hemocoagulase injection was significantly superior to Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection [MD＝－2.45， 95%CI （－4.39，－0.24）， P＜0.05]， and the probability of reducing intraoperative bleeding was ranked as follows： Hemocoagulase injection＞hemocoagulase B. atrox for injection＞Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection； in terms of safety， there was no statistically significant difference between the three snake venom hemocoagulase drugs and placebo （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The hemostatic effect of Hemocoagulase injection in abdominal surgery is significantly better than that of Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon for injection； all three snake venom hemocoagulase drugs have good safety.

OBJECTIVE According to the rapid Health Technology Assessment （HTA） for postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP），To evaluate the efficacy ，safety and economy of calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP ，and provide evidence -based medical evidence for clinical drug decision . METHODS Retrieved from the Cochrane Library ，PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database，CBM and HTA official website ，systematic review/meta -analysis，pharmacoeconomics research and HTA reports about calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP were retrieved from the inception to Sept . 30th，2022. Two researchers independently carried out screening ，data extraction and quality evaluation ，and analyzed the data results descriptively . RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included ，including 12 SR/meta-analysis and 6 economic studies ，and no HTA report was retrieved . In terms of effectiveness ， the results of the included studies were basically consistent ：calcitonin had a certain advantage in reducing the incidence of vertebral fracture compared with calcium and lasoxifene alone ，but did not show clinical advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of reducing the incidence of non -vertebral fractures ， calcitonin had some advantages ，compared with calcium al one and raloxifene ，but did not show clinical advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of improving bone mineral density（BMD），only 2 studies showed that calcitonin had a certain advantage over calcium but no advantage was observed compared with other positive drugs . In terms of improving non - vertebral BMD ，only 1 study showed that calcitonin combined with calcium had certain advantages compared with calcium alone in improving femoral BMD ，but there was no advantage compared with other positive drugs . In terms of lowering bone pain scores ， both included studies demonstrated short -term benefit of nasal calcitonin in reducing acute pain was found in patients with vertebral fractures，but not in patients with chronic pain . In terms of safety ，the three included studies showed that calcitonin caused mild adverse reactions compared with other positive drugs ，but there was a risk of malignant tumors after long -term use . In terms of economy，only 1 study showed the use of nasal calcitonin in the treatment of PMOP had more economic advantages than no treatment or etidronate . CONCLUSIONS Calcitonin has a certain effect on reducing acute pain in patients with PMOP vertebral fracture，and its safety needs further investigation . No obvious economic advantage has been found .

Objective To revise the qualitative and quantitative determination methods of Xuanxi Rongjin powder. Methods TLC was used to qualitatively identify Chuanxiong and Chuanshanlong. The content of cinnamaldehyde in the preparation was determined by HPLC with KR100-5C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (35:65) and the detection wavelength was 290 nm. Results TLC can qualitatively identify Chuanxiong and Chuanshanlong. Cinnamaldehyde has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.0489~0.3260 µg/ml (r=1.00), The average recovery was 95.71% (RSD=1.78%). Conclusion The method has high sensitivity, good specificity, simple operation and good reproducibility.

Objective:To design a modified S1PR3 specific agonist, GPS-725.017, and investigate its protective effect on acute lung injury by promoting macrophage clearance of bacteria.Methods:A short peptide derived from the intracellular region of S1PR3 receptor was named GPS725.017, which was modified with norleucine (Nle) and myristicacid (myr) at its N terminus. Mice were divided into the sham operation group, solvent group and GPS-725.017 treatment group. The acute lung injury model was induced by endotracheal injection of E. coli (5×10 6 CFU), and the experimental group was treated with GPS-725.017 (10 mg/kg). The 48-h survival rate of mice was recorded. After 5 h of modeling, the bacterial load and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and lung were detected, and Vps34 protein content in alveolar macrophages was determined by Western blot. After 12-h of modeling, lung tissues were collected for H&E staining and pathological scores. Results:Compared with the solvent group, the survival rate of mice in the GPS-725.017 treatment group was significantly improved ( P<0.01), the bacterial CFU in blood and alveolar lavage fluid was significantly lower than that in the solvent group ( P<0.001), and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood and alveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower than those in the solvent group ( P<0.001). Western blot showed that the expression level of Vps34 protein in alveolar macrophages was significantly higher than that in the solvent group ( P<0.01). Histopathology result showed that the pathological damage of lung in the treatment group was significantly less than that in the solvent group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The modified synthetic S1PR3 specific agonist GPS-725.017 could specifically activate the S1PR3 receptor on the membrane of alveolar macrophages and up-regulate the expression level of intracellular Vps34 protein, which can promote the removal of bacteria in alveolar macrophages, significantly reduce the degree of lung injury and improve the survival rate in ALI mice.

Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xianling gubao capsule combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis （KOA），and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment of KOA. METHODS：Retrieved from Cochrane library ，PubMed，Embase，CNKI，Wanfang database ，CBM and VIP during the inception to Nov. 2020，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about glucosamine （control group ）combined with Xianling gubao capsule （trial group）in the treatment of KOA were collected. After data extraction ，Cochrane 5.1.0 system evaluator manual was used to evaluate the quality of the included clinical studies met inclusion criteria ，and Rev Man 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS ： A total of 11 RCTs with 970 patients were included in this study. Results of Meta-analysis showed that cure rate [OR ＝2.41，95％CI （1.48，3.93），P＜0.001]，marked effective rate [OR ＝1.95，95％CI（1.49，2.56），P＜0.001]，total effective rate [OR ＝4.00，95％CI （2.57，6.24），P＜0.001]，visual analogue scale （VAS）score [MD ＝－2.34，95％CI（－2.51，－2.17），P＜0.001]，knee function score [MD ＝31.32，95％CI（27.89，34.75），P＜0.001]，Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA）low back pain score [MD ＝ 12.22，95％CI（9.68，14.76），P＜0.001] and pain relief time [MD ＝－1.55，95％CI（－1.84，－1.25），P＜0.001] of trial group were all significantly better than those of control group. The incidence of ADR in trial group was significantly lower than control group [OR ＝0.04，95％CI（0.02，0.12），P＜0.001]. CONCLUSIONS ：Xianing gubao capsule combined with glucosamine in the treatment of KOA is significantly better in cure rate ，marked effective rate ，total effective rate ，VAS，score，knee function score，JOA low back pain score and pain relief time ，and could significantly reduce the incidence of ADR.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on autophagy in the hippocam-pal neurons of rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Methods Sixty SPF healthy male Sprague-Daw-ley rats, aged 11-14 weeks, weighing 200-240 g, were divided into 3 groups(n=20 each)using a ran-dom number table: sham operation group(group Sham), sepsis group(group Sep)and tetrameth-ylpyrazine group(group TMP). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP), and group Sham only underwent simple laparotomy. Tetramethylpyrazine 10 mg∕kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before CLP in group TMP. Morris water maze test was performed in 10 rats randomly selected at 12 and 36 h after CLP. Then the rats were sacrificed, and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the expres-sion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅰ(LC3Ⅰ), LC3Ⅱ, Beclin-1 and p62 in hipp-ocampal tissues by Western blot, and the LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰratio was calculated. Results Compared with group Sham, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the rate of time spent in the target quadrant was decreased, the LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰratio was increased, the expression of Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of p62 was down-regulated at 12 and 36 h after CLP in group Sep and group TMP(P<005). Compared with group Sep, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the rate of time spent in the target quadrant was increased, the LC3Ⅱ∕LC3Ⅰratio was decreased, the expression of Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of p62 was up-regulated at 12 and 36 h after CLP in group TMP(P<005). Conclusion The mechanism by which tetramethylpyrazine reduces sepsis-associated encephalopa-thy is related to inhibiting autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of rats.