Background Diesel engines are widely used in transportation, agriculture, construction, industry, and other fields. Diesel exhaust, classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, emits particles (DEP) that can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, posing significant health risks. DEP pollution is particularly severe in confined environments, necessitating effective control measures. Objective Under laboratory simulation conditions, to explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the mass and number concentrations of DEP as it diffuses indoors and to reveal the effects of ventilation and additional airflow on indoor DEP pollution levels. Methods A diesel engine was placed in a laboratory (length 3.39 m × width 2.85 m × height 2.4 m) with its exhaust emitted from east to west. An air purifier was installed 1 m south of the engine. Eight measurement points (1 m horizontal distance from the exhaust outlet, height: 1 m/1.5 m) were setup to monitor DEP concentrations using portable laser particle sizers. The effects of engine power (4.05 kW vs. 5.15 kW), ventilation (maximum airflow: 600 m³·h⁻¹), additional airflow intensity (low and high), and direction (forward/reverse) on DEP pollution were analyzed. DEP levels of 5 diesel vehicle models were also compared. Results The mass and number concentrations of DEP indoors increased immediately after the diesel engine started. The peak mass concentration time at the eastern measurement point (−1, 0) m opposite to the exhaust direction (17.70 min) was significantly longer than that at the western (1, 0) m (16.20 min), southern (0, -1) m (14.45 min), and northern (0, 1) m (12.70 min) points (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the other points (western, southern, and northern) (P>0.05). The northern point (0, 1) m exhibited the highest DEP mass and number concentration peaks (174.62 μg·m⁻³, 1319.85 p·cm⁻³), significantly exceeding those at the southern (0, −1) m (129.89 μg·m⁻³, 1175.24 p·cm⁻³), eastern (−1, 0) m (140.12 μg·m⁻³, 1120.53 p·cm⁻³), and western (1, 0) m (147.60 μg·m⁻³, 818.62 p·cm⁻³) points (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed among other points (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in peak DEP mass and number concentrations by measurement heights (P>0.05). Diesel engine power, ventilation, airflow intensity, and airflow direction had no significant effect on the time of peak DEP concentration (P>0.05). However, higher engine power (5.15 kW) produced greater DEP peaks [(186.66±19.29) μg·m⁻³, (1382.79±122.56) p·cm⁻³] than the 4.05 kW engine power [(168.41±12.65) μg·m⁻³, (1284.45±71.30) p·cm⁻³] (P<0.05). The peak mass concentration [(342.04±35.03) μg·m⁻³] and number concentration [(1886.87±57.91) p·cm⁻³] of DEP in the non-ventilated group were significantly higher than those in the ventilated group [(186.66±19.29) μg·m⁻³, (1382.79±122.56) p·cm⁻³] (P<0.001). Forward airflow elevated DEP mass concentrations compared to reverse airflow (287.71 μg·m⁻³ vs. 243.74 μg·m⁻³, t=−2.592, P=0.009), but no effects on DEP number concentration (P>0.05). Significant differences in mass concentration were observed among selected 5 vehicle models (Z=38.109, P<0.001). Conclusion The operation of diesel engines will emit a large amount of particulate matter, causing pollution in enclosed spaces. Diesel engines with greater power have higher levels of DEP pollution emissions. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, it is recommended to set the operation position in the reverse direction of exhaust emissions and close to air purifiers, while avoiding the use of additional air flow equipment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic potential of osthole for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), focusing on its ability to alleviate chronic pruritus (CP) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of osthole in both a 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulated huma immortalized epidermal (HaCaT) cells. The anti-itch effect of osthole was specifically assessed in the AD mouse model. Using methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Osthole improved skin damage and clinical dermatitis scores, reduced scratching bouts, and decreased epidermal thickness AD-like mice. It also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31 RA) in both skin tissues and HaCaT cells. Furthermore, Osthole suppressed the protein expression levels of phosphor-p65 (p-p65) and phosphor-inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-Bα (p-IκBα). Meanwhile, it increased the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that osthole effectively inhibited CP in AD by activating PPARα, PPARγ, repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the expression of IL-31 and IL-31 RA.

Nephroptosis,a rare condition in urology,often results from inadequate support of the kidney's perinephric fat structures,leading to excessive renal mobility.It typically occurs in lean,tall,young females.Some cases manifest with abdominal pain and renal dysfunction.Open nephropexy,laparoscopic nephropexy and percutaneous nephropexy are all effective methods in the treatment of nephroptosis,among which percutaneous nephropexy is associated with less trauma and lower costs.Modifications to percutaneous nephropexy by the authors'team are also introduced mentioned in this article.

Objective:To evaluate auditory spatial discrimination capabilities in patients with mild to moderately severe symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to compare the impact of different psychophysical testing methods on Minimum Audible Angle (MAA) and test duration.Methods:A total of 105 symmetrical SNHL patients aged from 18 to 60 years old were enrolled from April to July 2023, including 56 males and 49 females. They were divided into three groups based on PTA: mild, moderate, and moderately severe hearing loss, with 35 individuals in each group. Additionally, a control group of 35 individuals with normal hearing was tested, including 18 males and 17 females. Participants underwent four distinct psychophysical discrimination tests: the block up-down, 1-up/1-down, 1-up/2-down, and 1-up/3-down procedures. We recorded the MAA and test duration for each. We employed repeated measures of ANOVA to compare the MAA and test duration across different methods and groups, and Pearson′s correlation to assess the relationship between MAA and degree of hearing loss.Results:MAA of sound localization in patients with symmetrical SNHL was significantly positively correlated with the degree of hearing loss ( r=0.59, P<0.01). Significant deterioration in MAA was observed as hearing loss progressed to the moderate level (PTA≥35 dBHL, P<0.01). The testing methods significantly influenced MAA and testing duration ( F=24.02, P<0.01; F=75.56, P<0.01) and the 1-up/1-down method was the quickest, averaging only (0.69±0.32) mins. Conclusions:The horizontal plane auditory spatial discrimination abilities in patients with symmetrical SNHL is impaired progressively with increasing hearing loss, notably beyond moderate hearing loss levels. Different psychophysical methods influence both MAA and test duration, the quicker 1-up/1-down method is recommended for assessing MAA in symmetrical SNHL patients.

Aging and age-related ailments have emerged as critical challenges and great burdens within the global contemporary society.Addressing these concerns is an imperative task,with the aims of postponing the aging process and finding effective treatments for age-related degenerative diseases.Recent investigations have highlighted the significant roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)in the realm of anti-aging.It has been empirically evidenced that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)can elevate NAD+levels in the body,thereby ameliorating certain age-related degenerative diseases.The principal anti-aging mechanisms of NMN essentially lie in its impact on cellular energy metabolism,inhibition of cell apoptosis,modulation of immune function,and preservation of genomic stability,which collectively contribute to the deferral of the aging process.This paper critically reviews and evaluates existing research on the anti-aging mechanisms of NMN,elucidates the inherent limitations of current research,and proposes novel avenues for anti-aging investigations.

Objective To investigate the clinical symptoms and psychological health status of migraine patients.Methods A total of 120 migraine patients admitted to Xingtai People's Hospital from September 14,2022 to July 30,2023 were selected and divided into mild pain group(0-3 points,51 cases),moderate pain group(4-6 points,48 cases),and severe pain group(7-10 points,21 cases)according to numerical rating scale.General clinical data,headache impact test-6(HIT-6),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorder(GAD-7)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were collected.Results The scores of HIT-6,PHQ-9,GAD-7,and PSQI of migraine patients were(56.33±11.30)points,(3.38±1.51)points,(3.01±0.58)points,and(4.73±0.78)points,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the duration and total number of headache attacks among three groups(P＜0.05).With the aggravation of headache degree,the duration of headache attacks increased and the number of attacks increased.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of HIT-6 and GAD-7 among three groups(P＜0.05),and the scores of HIT-6 and GAD-7 increased with the aggravation of headache.Conclusion There are differences in the daily life impact,anxiety,pain duration and frequency of migraine in patients with different degrees of migraine.

Disturbances of gut microbiota may affect the balance of the host immune system.The metabolism of gut microbiota produces many bioactive molecules interacting with host,typically secondary bile acids(SBAs).SBAs are involved in regulating the energy metabolism and the expression of inflammatory response-related genes by bind-ing to membrane receptors and nuclear receptors,such as takeda G protein-coupled receptor(TGR5)and farnesol X receptor(FXR),which are essential for maintaining host immune homeostasis.

Objective To screen the specific cytokines of tuberculous pleural effusion(plTB)by using liquid array technique to establish a diagnostic model and discuss its application value.Methods A total of 86 patients with plTB(plTB group)were included,including 41 patients in the confirmed plTB group and 45 patients in the clinically diagnosed plTB group.There were 42 other patients with pleural effusion in the control group.Seventeen cytokines in pleural effusion were analyzed by liquid array technology.Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-9,IL-10,gamma-interferon-induced protein 10(IP-10),IL-15,IL-17F,IL-27,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),the expression levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-3a(MIP-3α),macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF)and β-interferon(IFN-β)were detected.Difference factors between the confirmed plTB group and the control group were screened,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn in the confirmed plTB patients.IP-10,IL-27 and MCP-1 with AUC>0.850 and specificity>80%were combined to diagnose plTB,and were compared with adenylate deaminase(ADA)and T-SPOT.TB in pleural effusion to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy.Results The levels of IL-2,IP-10,IL-27,TNF-α and MCP-1 were higher in the confirmed plTB group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of IP-10,IL-27 and MCP-1 in the diagnosis of plTB were 87.8%and 81.0%.The sensitivity of three-factor combined diagnosis in 45 patients with plTB was still as high as 86.7%,and there was no significant difference in sensitivity compared with that in the diagnosed plTB group(P＞0.05).In the plTB group,the sensitivity of IP-10,IL-27 and MCP-1 combined detection was 87.2%,which was higher than that of T-SPOT.TB(81.4%)and ADA(54.7%).Conclusion The application of liquid array technology to the joint detection of pleural effusion IP-10,IL-27 and MCP-1 can provide help for the diagnosis of plTB.

OBJECTIVE To conduct rapid health technology assessment （HTA） of ulinastatin （UTI）， and to evaluate the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of UTI in the treatment of acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang database， CBM and official websites of HTA institutions， the systematic review （SR）/meta-analysis， economic evaluation and HTA reports of UTI in the treatment of AP were collected from the inception to Apr. 2024. Two researchers independently conducted screening， quality evaluation and data extraction according to the admission and exclusion criteria， and descriptive analysis was adopted to analyze and summarize the data. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included， involving 15 SR/meta-analysis and 4 economic studies， and no HTA report was retrieved. In the treatment of AP， UTI showed clear advantages over conventional treatment alone in terms of improving the overall effective rate， shortening the recovery time of amylase， reducing the time required to relieve abdominal pain and distension， lowering the mortality rate， and decreasing the average hospital stay. Compared to other positive drugs （carbendate mesylate， octreotide， somatostatin， etc.）， its efficacy is similar， with a favorable safety profile. As far as the current research was concerned， UTI had obvious economic advantages over other positive drugs. CONCLUSIONS UTI is safe and effective in the treatment of AP， and has economic advantages.

Objective:To explore the effect of mixed reality (MR) application in the reconstruction of mandibular defects.Methods:Eighteen patients with mandibular defects were enrolled in this study, including 10 male patients and 8 female patients, whose age ranged from 27 to 45 years, and the mean age was 35.4 years. All the patients were from the Stomatological Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, during October 2019 to May 2021. Fibular flaps were used for the reconstruction of the mandibular defects. The patients were randomly divided into three groups, six in each group. In group one, MR-guided mandibular defect repair and reconstruction technique was used. In group two, 3D printed guide-assisted mandibular defect repair and reconstruction technique was used, and in the control group, traditional jaw defect repair and reconstruction technique was used. All the procedures were performed by the same team. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used for analysis of surgical accuracy, and questionnaires were used to evaluate the outcome of medical communication, occlusal relationship, appearance restoration, and medical experience satisfaction.Results:The mean surgical errors in the group one and group two were (1.75±0.44) mm and (1.81±0.16) mm respectively, which were both significantly lower than that in the control group (3.05±0.83) mm ( tMR=3.38, t3D=3.56, P<0.01). The medical communication (4.60±0.35, 4.52±0.28, tMR=2.90, t3D=2.77, P<0.05), occlusal relationship (4.17±0.32, 4.28±0.39, tMR=3.07, t3D=3.29, P<0.05), and medical experience satisfaction scores (4.26±0.45, 4.25±0.67, tMR=2.50, t3D=2.26, P<0.05) in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (4.02±0.34, 3.58±0.33, 3.56±0.32, respectively). There was no significant difference in the satisfaction of appearance recovery among all the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:MR-guided mandibular repair and reconstruction surgery has high accuracy and is also beneficial to the recovery of occlusal relationship and medical communication.