Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the major environmental problems globally. Ophiopogon japonicus, a multifunctional plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation. This study investigated the Cd accumulation pattern of O. japonicus under cadmium stress and identified the heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family members in this plant. Our results demonstrated that O. japonicus exhibited a Cd enrichment factor (EF) of 2.75, demonstrating strong potential for soil Cd pollution remediation. Nine heavy metal ATPase (HMA) members of P1B-ATPases were successfully identified from the transcriptome data of O. japonicus, with OjHMA1-OjHMA6 classified as the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb-ATPases and OjHMA7-OjHMA9 as the Cu/Ag-ATPases. The expression levels of OjHMA1, OjHMA2, OjHMA3, and OjHMA7 were significantly up-regulated under Cd stress, highlighting their crucial roles in cadmium ion absorption and transport. The topological analysis revealed that these proteins possessed characteristic transmembrane (TM) segments of the family, along with functional A, P, and N domains involved in regulating ion absorption and release. Metal ion-binding sites (M4, M5, and M6) existed on the TM segments. Based on the number of transmembrane domains and the residues at metal ion-binding sites, the plant HMA family members were categorized into three subgroups: P1B-1 ATPases, P1B-2 ATPases, and P1B-4 ATPases. Specifically, the P1B-1 ATPase subgroup included the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(YN[X]₄P), and TM6(M[XX]SS); the P1B-2 ATPase subgroup featured the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(K), and TM6(DKTGT); the P1B-4 ATPase subgroup contained the motifs TM4(SPC) and TM6(HE[X]GT), all of which were critical for protein functions. Molecular docking results revealed the importance of conserved sequences such as CPC/SPC, DKTGT, and HE[X]GT in metal ion coordination and stabilization. These findings provide potential molecular targets for enhancing Cd uptake and tolerance of O. japonicus by genetic engineering and lay a theoretical foundation for developing new cultivars with high Cd accumulation capacity.
Cadmium/metabolism* ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Ophiopogon/drug effects* ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological ; Multigene Family ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on tau phosphorylation and PI3K/ Akt pathway in the hippocampus of obese rats,and provide some theoretical basis for physical activity improving obesity-related neurological disorders.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 weeks were randomly assigned to either a high-fat or a normal diet protocol for 12 weeks.Animals submitted to the high-fat diet were further divided into two groups:a sedentary group (HF-Sed) and an exercise group (HF-Ex).The rats fed the normal diet were also divided into a sedentary group (ND-Sed)and an exercise group (ND-Ex).The rats in the HF-Ex and ND-Ex groups underwent a treadmill training for 8 weeks.Then the hippocampus was isolated at 48h after the last exercise.The protein and phosphorylation levels of tau,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β),phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt were assayed using Western blotting.Results After 12 weeks of feeding,55％ of rats in the high-fat diet group reached the conditions for the obesity model.After 8 weeks of treadmill exercises,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of tau was significanlty higher than that in the ND-Sed group,while in the HF-Ex group that was significantly lower than the HF-Sed group.Moreover,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was significantly lower,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group,indicating the activity of GSK3β was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group.However,after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,in the HF-Ex group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was signfiicantly higher,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was signficanlty lower than the HF-Sed group,indicating significantly lower activity of GSK3β than the HF-Sed group.Then,in the HF-Sed group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits,and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significantly lower than those in the ND-Sed group,indicating inhibited activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway.However,in the HF-Ex group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significanlty higher than those in the HF-Sed group,showing the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway was enhanced.Conclusion Obesity induces tau hyperphosphorylation in the rats hippocampus and long-term aerobic exercises can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing PI3K/Akt pathway activity and inhibiting GSK3β activity.It has a positive effect on delaying the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and improving obesity-related neurological disorders.

BACKGROUND:Ischiogluteal bursitis has been recognized for a long time, but its treatment stil limits to local blocking injection and surgery methods that were developed 40 years ago. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on ischiogluteal bursitis. METHODS:Data of 15 patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were colected. Al the patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were treated with bilateral platelet-rich plasma (n=10) or local blocking injection (n=5). Patients’ outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Version II and recurrence rate. The folow-up time was from 6 to 14 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in visual analogue scale score between the platelet-rich plasma group and local blocking group (F=0.219,P=0.643), but the score of visual analogue scale in the platelet-rich plasma group was higher during short-term folow-up (within 1 week after treatment), but lower in the long-term folow-up. In the aspects of overal satisfaction score, clinical effectiveness and side effects, the platelet-rich plasma group was inferior to the local blocking group at short-term folow-up, especialy at 1 week after treatment; however, these scores became better in the platelet-rich plasma group than the local blocking group during the long-term folow-up period. In addition, no statistical difference in the convenience score was found between the two groups. At the last folow-up, the recurrence rate in the platelet-rich plasma group was lower than that in the local blocking group. Both the platelet-rich plasma and local blocking injection can significantly reduce the pain of patients with ischiogluteal bursitis. Local blocking injection has better short-term effectiveness. Platelet-rich plasma injection works moderately, but its effectiveness can last for longer time, and the recurrence rate is lower.