[Objective] To investigate the antigen and gene frequency distribution of the MNS blood group system in the Han population of voluntary blood donors in Suzhou, and to explore the polymorphism of rare MNS blood group genes, in order to improve the construction of the local rare blood group database. [Methods] A total of 8 034 whole blood samples were randomly collected from Han blood donors at our station from October 2023 to June 2024. The MNS blood group phenotypes were identified using serological methods. Gene frequencies were analyzed and compared with those of ethnic populations in other regions. Rare MNS phenotype samples were subjected to gene sequencing. [Results] The distribution of MNS blood group system phenotypes within the population was as follows: the MM, NN, and MN phenotypes accounted for 23.00%, 27.12%, and 49.88% respectively; the SS, ss, and Ss phenotypes accounted for 0.30%, 90.99%, and 8.70% respectively. The gene frequencies of M, N, S, and s were 0.4794, 0.5206, 0.0465, and 0.9534 respectively. Chi-squared tests confirmed adherence to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with P-values of 0.997 and 0.349, showing statistical significance compared to some other regional ethnic populations (P<0.05). Additionally, one rare serological phenotype, S-s-, with a frequency of 0.01%, was identified. [Conclusion] The MNS blood group system in the Han population of voluntary blood donors in Suzhou exhibits polymorphism and regional distribution characteristics. Gene frequencies differ from those observed in other regions of China. It is essential to enhance the establishment of a rare blood type database in Suzhou to provide data support for precise clinical transfusion.

Objective: To classify the ABO blood group phenotypes of 5 cases from a family, and to explore the molecular mechanism for reduced B antigen expression in ABO blood group system. Methods: Serological identification of the ABO blood group was performed using microcolumn gel assay and saline tube method. The soluble antigens in saliva were detected by the agglutination inhibition assay. The full-length sequences and upstream promoter regions of ABO gene were sequenced for genotyping using PacBio SMRT sequencing technology. Results: The results of serological tests indicated the expression of B antigen decreased in 3 out of 5 blood samples. A mixed-field agglutination was observed with anti-B antibody. B antigen was not detected in all 5 saliva samples. The ABO genotype for all samples were ABO B.01/ABO O.01.02, and a novel mutation c. 28+5875C>T within the DNA-binding region of RUNX1 in +5.8-kb site were found in the B allele for 3 samples with reduced expression of B antigen. Conclusion: Results of serological and genetic analyses classify the 3 cases with reduced B antigen expression as B phenotype. The novel mutation c. 28+5875C>T of RUNX1 could be the key reason for reduced B antigen expression in 3 cases with B phenotype.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of allele frequencies for 9 red blood cell (RBC) blood group systems in the Hui ethnic voluntary blood donor population of Suzhou using real-time fluorescence PCR technology, so as to provide technical support for establishing a RBC blood group genetic database. Methods: PCR-TaqMan technology was employed to perform genotyping detection for 9 RBC blood group systems using 144 samples from Hui voluntary blood donors in Suzhou, collected between October 2023 and August 2024. Results: Blood group allele frequencies among Suzhou Hui voluntary blood donors were distributed as follows: MNS system (M=0.566 0, N=0.434 0; S=0.079 9, s=0.920 1); Lutheran system (Lu =0.003 5, Lu =0.996 5; Au =0.895 8, Au =0.104 2); Kell system (K=0.000 0, k=1.000 0; Kp =0.003 5, Kp =0.996 5; JS =0.000 0, JS =1.000 0); Duffy system (Fy =0.899 3, Fy =0.100 7); Kidd system (JK =0.451 4, JK =0.548 6); Diego system (Di =0.041 7, Di =0.958 3); Yt system (Yt =0.996 5, Yt =0.003 5); Dombrock system (Do =0.128 5, Do =0.871 5); Colton system (Co =1.000 0, Co =0.000 0). The PCR-TaqMan-based RBC blood group genotyping technology successfully completed testing for all samples. Conclusion: The MNS, Lutheran, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, and Dombrock blood group systems in the Suzhou Hui population exhibited polymorphic distribution patterns, whereas the Colton system was monomorphic. Standardized application of PCR-TaqMan technology facilitates the establishment of an RBC blood group genetic database.

Objective To understand and grasp the status quo of resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to four commonly used insecticides in Hefei City, and to provide a scientific basis for the chemical control of mosquito larvae. Methods From June to July 2023, Cx. pipiens pallens larvae were collected from 9 counties (cities and districts) in Hefei City. The LC50 of late third-instar to early fourth-instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens to commonly used insecticides was determined by larval immersion method (sensitive baseline method). Results Cx.pipiens pallens larvae in Hefei City exhibited different degrees of resistance to four insecticides: permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, temephos, and propoxur. The relative resistance coefficients to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin were 26.96 and 21.17, respectively, indicating the moderate resistance level. The relative resistance coefficients to propoxur were 6.70, indicating a low resistance level. The relative resistance coefficient to temephos was 2.43, indicating a sensitivity level. Culex pipiens pallens against pyrethroids such as 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin in 1 h knockout rate and 24 h mortality rates were 3.25% (4/123) and 46.34% (57/123), 3.60% (5/139) and 35.97% (50/139), 3.85% (6/156) and 40.38% (63/156), respectively. For 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur, the 1 h knockdown rate and 24 h mortality rate were 97.69% (127/130) and 99.23% (129/130), 94.48% (137/145) and 100.00% (145/145), respectively. It showed resistance to 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin, and sensitivity to 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur. Conclusions Culex pipiens pallens in Hefei City have developed varying degrees of resistance to parathyroid and carbamate insecticides. In the control of mosquito vectors, it is essential to strengthen the scientific and rational use of chemical control in combination with environmental and physical control measures to form an integrated control strategy. This approach will improve the control efficiency while delaying the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance.

Objective To analyze the causal relationship between Sjogren's syndrome(SS)and primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and abnormal liver function by two-sample Mendelian randomization.Methods From the ge-nome-wide association study,single nucleotide polymorphisms of SS,PBC,alkaline phosphatase,alanine amin-otransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels were extrac-ted as instrumental variables.Inverse-variance weighted(IVW)analysis was used as the main analysis,supplemen-ted by weighted median,MR-Egger,weighted mode,and simple mode.And a series of sensitivity analyses were car-ried out to verify the robustness of the results.Results The IVW analysis results of PBC on SS were as follows:P=8.57E-11,OR=1.185 9,95％CI=1.126 4-1.248 5;IVW analysis of PBC on SS(P＞0.05).IVW analysis results of SS on alkaline phosphatase were as follows:P=0.041 5,Beta=-0.007 2,95％CI=-0.014 0--0.000 3;IVW analysis results of SS on alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin levels showed no statistically significant difference.Conclusion PBC can significantly increase the risk of SS,but SS cannot be proved to have a causal effect on the occurrence of PBC.SS has a potential effect on re-ducing alkaline phosphatase levels,but it is not proved that SS has causal relationship with alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin levels.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent multiple platelet transfusions (≥2 times) in Suzhou over the past 5 years (2017-2022), as to provide new insights for patients requiring long-term and substantial platelet transfusions. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was conducted on the type of diseases, volume and frequency of platelet transfusions in patients who were hospitalized in Suzhou and received multiple (≥2 times) apheresis platelet transfusions from August 2017 to August 2022. Compatibility transfusions were also performed for a subset of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients who completed HLA antibody testing and genotyping. [Results] From 2017 to 2022, the clinical consumption of platelets in Suzhou has increased annually (P<0.001), and patients who received apheresis platelets were mainly concentrated in hematological diseases represented by hematopoietic or lymphoid tissue tumors, especially AML patients (48.81%, 1 188/2 434). The age group with the highest per capita number of transfusions among AML patients was predominantly 21-30 years old (25 times per person). After genotype-compatible transfusion for eligible AML patients, the CCI significantly increased (P<0.001). [Conclusion] For male AML patients aged 21-30 and 61-70 in Suzhou, conducting platelet antibody screening and genetic testing before platelet transfusion can improve the efficiency of transfusion, reduce the incidence of PTR, and save blood resources through personalized matching transfusions.

The prevalence of periodontal disease in Chinese population is more than 90％.The present treatment techniques can only control the development of the disease,inducement of bone tissue regeneration is a promising strategy and a challenge for the treatment.Exosomes are multivesicle structures derived from endosomes.More and more studies have been conducted on their application in perio-dontal regeneration.This paper reviews the application of exosome in periodontal regeneration in recent years,which is expected to pro-vide new idea for periodontal regeneration therapy.

Objective To develop deep learning models for colonoscopy quality control using various deep learning architectures,and to delve into the decision-making mechanisms.Methods The colonoscopy images were selected from two datasets separately constructed by the HyperKvasir and Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University,encompassing intestines of varying degrees of cleanliness,polyps,and cecums.After image preprocessing and enhancement,transfer learning was carried out using the pre-trained models based on convolutional neural network(CNN)and Transformer.The model training adopted cross-entropy loss functions and Adam optimizer,and simultaneously implemented learning rate scheduling.To enhance model transparency,a thorough interpretability analysis was conducted using Grad-CAM,Guided Grad-CAM,and SHAP.The final model was converted to ONNX format and deployed on various equipment terminals to achieve real-time colonoscopy quality control.Results In a dataset of 3 831 colonoscopy images,EfficientNet model outperformed the other models on the test set,achieving an accuracy of 0.992 which was higher than those of the other models based on CNN(DenseNet121,ResNet50,VGG19)and Transformer(ViT,Swin,CvT),with a precision,recall rate,and F1 score of 0.991,0.989,and 0.990.On an external test set of 358 images,EfficientNet model had an average AUC,precision,and recall rate of 0.996,0.948,and 0.952,respectively.Although EfficientNet model is high-performing,some misjudgments still occurred.Interpretability analysis highlighted key image areas affecting decision-making.In addition,EfficientNet model was successfully converted to ONNX format and deployed on multiple platforms and devices,and it ensured real-time colonoscopy quality control with an inference speed of over 60 frames per second.Conclusion Among the 7 models developed for colonoscopy quality control based on CNN and Transformer,EfficientNet demonstrated exemplary performance across all categories and is deployed for real-time predictions on multiple terminals,aiming to provide patients with better medical care.

Objective To grasp the main environmental factors affecting the growth of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao;To predict the distribution of suitable areas of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Shanxi Province;To provide references for the rational distribution of the resources in Shanxi Province.Methods This study utilized the sample point longitude and latitude information collected in the"Fourth Survey of Chinese Materia Medica Resources"database in Shanxi Province.The data were supplemented by searching the China Digital Herbarium and retrieving related literature records.347 sample points distribution data and environmental factors were added to the MaxEnt model.The main environmental factors and contribution rates affecting the geographical distribution of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao were screened out.The ArcGIS software was used to divide the ecological suitable area of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Shanxi Province.Results The area under the ROC curve of the established MaxEnt model was 0.909,indicating that the model prediction results were accurate.The model screened 19 environmental factors.Among them,climate factor was the most important environmental factor,followed by biological factor and topographic factor,and soil factor had the least influence.The potential suitable areas of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Shanxi Province were mainly distributed in the northern mountainous areas,presenting a trend of gradually decreasing suitability levels from north to south.Under the current climate conditions,the most suitable area for Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Shanxi Province was 15 424 km2,the suitable area was 19 856 km2,the sub suitable area was 59 436 km2,and the unsuitable area was 61 894 km2.Conclusion Based on MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software,this study predicts the distribution of suitable areas of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao in Shanxi Province,which has certain reference value for the protection and rational distribution of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao resources in Shanxi Province.

Objective Explore a non-contact physiological and psychological detection model based on facial video in simulations of weightlessness effects,research new methods for non-contact heart rate and negative mood state detection in long-term simulations of weightlessness effect analysis.Methods Construct a non-contact physiological and psychological data collection system for fusion analysis of visible light and thermal infrared videos.Collect physiological and psychological data of volunteers in the"Earth Star-Ⅱ"90-day head-down bed rest experiment.A non-contact heart rate detection model based on GCN facial multi-region feature fusion and a non-contact negative mood state detection model considering data reliability were constructed,and the effectiveness of the models were validated with finger clip heart rate and POMS-SF scale as labels.Results The experimental results show that the average difference in the Bland-Altman plot of the non-contact heart rate detection model is-1.26 bpm,and 96.3%of value error detection data falls within the 95%confidence interval,indicating a high consistency between the model detected heart rate and the finger clip heart rate.The non-contact negative mood state detection model achieves an accuracy of>0.85 for detecting tension,depression,anger,and fatigue.Features such as heart rate,AU06,eye gaze,and head pose were observed to be important to mood state detection.Conclusion Non-contact physiological and psychological detection methods not only can be utilized for long-term physiological analysis in simulations of weightlessness effects,but also provide a novel technical approach for on-orbit astronauts health assurance during long-term space flight in the future.