Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China， and its common complications include digestive system abnormalities， cognitive impairment， depression， stroke-associated pneumonia， and hemiplegia. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has great potential in treating post-stroke complications. Xinglou Chengqitang （XLCQT） is a representative prescription of alleviating the disease in the upper part by treating the lower part. It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety. Clinically， XLCQT is often used to treat stroke and its complications. However， the quantity and quality of clinical trials of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications need to be improved. Additionally， since the basic research is weak， the material basis and multi-target mechanism for the efficacy of this prescription are unknown. This article reviews XLCQT in terms of the pharmacodynamic basis， medicinal properties， safety evaluation， and progress in clinical research and mechanisms in treating post-stroke complications. This article summarizes 22 key active ingredients of XLCQT in treating acute stroke complicated with syndrome of phlegm heat and fu-organ excess. Among these key active ingredients， resveratrol， kaempferol， luteolin， chrysoeriol， apigenin， （+）-catechin， and adenosine have good pharmacokinetic properties and high bioavailability. The mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications are complex， including inflammatory response， brain-gut axis， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， intestinal flora， neurotrophic factors， autophagy， oxidative stress， and free radical damage. This review helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of XLCQT against post-stroke complications and the development of drugs.

The morphological characteristics and pathological progression of vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） exhibit a high degree of similarity to the concept of "abscesses and ulcers" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Therefore， vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques can be analogized as "abscesses and ulcers within the vessels"， for which deficiency， stasis and toxin constitute the core pathogenesis. The pathological evolution progresses through three sequential stages， deficiency leading to pathological substances， with phlegm and stasis accumulating into a mass； the mass transforming into putridity， with internal decay and external thinning； putridity brewing toxin， and toxin accumulation threatening rupture， ultimately resulting in plaque instability. Accordingly， a stage-specific treatment strategy is established. In the early stage， it is suggested to supplement deficiency， resolve the mass， dissipate stasis， and prevent putridity， using Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） combined with Danshen Decoction （丹参饮） with modifications. In the middle stage， the treatment should focus on transforming putridity to generate new tissue， and rectifying healthy qi to consolidate the body， with modified Tuoli Xiaodu Powder （托里消毒散）. In the late stage， the treatment principle is clearing and resolving putridity toxin， cooling the blood， and preventing ulcerative rupture， using modified Simiao Yong'an Decoction （四妙勇安汤） combined with Xijiao Dihuang Decoction （犀角地黄汤）.

With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

Malignant tumors are a class of diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, and radiotherapy (RT) is one of the essential treatment modalities. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its unique characteristics of immersion, interactivity, and imagination, demonstrates tremendous application potential in radiotherapy. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that VR, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients, especially children, and improve treatment adherence. In medical education and professional training, VR provides safe training platforms for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists through the construction of high-fidelity virtual environments. These platforms can be used for training skills in target volume delineation, treatment plan evaluation, and equipment quality control, thereby significantly improving training efficiency and quality. Furthermore, VR technology enables three-dimensional visualization and intuitive evaluation of treatment plans, facilitates multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, and provides new paradigms for the development of real-time guidance technologies that integrate with augmented reality. This article systematically reviews the current applications of VR technology in the clinical practice, medical education, radiation protection, and scientific research of radiotherapy. It also discusses future prospects for integrating VR with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and haptic feedback technologies. This review provides a valuable reference for the standardized application of VR technology in radiotherapy and radiation protection in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction （CMD） during the perioperative period of elective percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and the incidence of deterioration in coronary microvascular function using angiography-derived microcirculatory resistance （AMR）， and to explore the influencing factors associated with PCI-related coronary microvascular injury. MethodsPatients who underwent elective PCI on the left anterior descending coronary artery at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Capital Medical University， from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. AMR values of the target vessel before and after PCI were calculated to evaluate the prevalence of postoperative CMD and the incidence of microvascular functional deterioration. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors associated with coronary microvascular injury during the periprocedural period of PCI. ResultsA total of 204 patients were finally included. Postoperative AMR of the target vessel were significantly higher than preoperative values （P＜0.001）. The prevalence of CMD was 31.86% （65/204）， and the incidence of microvascular functional deterioration was 69.61% （142/204）. In-stent restenosis （P = 0.004） and post-balloon dilation （P = 0.002） were risk factors for CMD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome elements phlegm-turbidity （P = 0.004） and blood stasis （P = 0.013）， a higher diameter stenosis rate of the target lesion （P = 0.006）， larger stent/balloon diameter （P = 0.009）， and a greater number of balloon inflations （P = 0.029） were risk factors for microvascular functional deterioration. Preoperative use of Chinese herbal decoctions with actions of resolving phlegm and activating blood （P = 0.014） was a protective factor against microvascular functional deterioration， while intraoperative use of Kuanxiong Aerosol （宽胸气雾剂） was a protective factor against both CMD （P = 0.007） and microvascular functional deterioration （P = 0.030）. ConclusionCMD and microvascular functional deterioration are relatively common during the perio-perative period of elective PCI. Target lesion characteristics， PCI procedural features， and the TCM syndrome elements of phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis are associated with an increased risk of coronary microvascular injury during the perioperative period， whereas TCM treatment may reduce this risk.

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease that primarily affects individuals in adolescence and early adult-hood.Dilating changes in the cornea cause it to thin and become steeper,resulting in irregular astigmatism and decreased vision.Keratoconus has multiple etiologies and pathogenic factors,including genetic,environmental,biomechanical and cellular factors.Environmental factors encompass eye rubbing,UV exposure,and wearing contact lenses.At the cellular level,the interaction of complex factors such as hormonal changes,extracellular enzyme activity,and changes in biochemi-cal and biomechanical signaling pathways disrupts collagen crosslinking within the stroma,leading to the loss and distortion of the integrity of normal corneal anatomical structures.Detection of keratoconus in its early stages remains a challenge,and corneal topographic maps are the primary diagnostic tool for keratoconus.However,in early cases,the use of a single parameter to diagnose keratoconus is not sufficient.In addition to corneal topographic maps,corneal thickness measure-ments and high-order aberration data are now commonly used detection methods.Clinically,keratoconus is diagnosed by clinical examination and corneal imaging.Advanced imaging platforms can improve the detection rate of keratoconus,facil-itating early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.Treatment strategies for keratoconus are tailored to the severi-ty and progression of the disease.In the early stages,glasses or soft contact lenses for vision correction are sufficient.As the disease progresses,rigid breathable contact lenses or scleral contact lenses may be needed.Corneal crosslinking has emerged as a key treatment aimed at stopping the progression of corneal dilation.The epidemiology,pathogenesis and treatment of keratoconus will be comprehensively reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To observe the effect of reconstruction of Achilles insertion with Suture bridge technology after extirpation of avulsed bones block in the treatment of Beavis type Ⅲ avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity.Methods:The retrospective analysis was used. From January 2013 to January 2023, 78 patients with Beavis type Ⅲ avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity, treated in the Department 1 of Foot and Ankle and Department 2 of Foot and Ankle of the second Hospital of Tangshan were selected as research objects. According to different operation performed, 41 patients with the reconstruction of Achilles insertion with Suture bridge technology after extirpation of avulsed bones block were divided into the observation group and 37 patients with the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) were divided into the control group. The delayed wound healing rate and the Haglund malformation rate, Maryland foot score, the American Orthopedic Foot and ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the pain Visual Analogue Scale/Score (VAS) score, the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score, Arner-Lindholm scale of One-year postoperative were compared between these two groups. The measurement data with normal or approximate normal distribution were analyzed using t test, count data using chi-square test for comparison of between groups.Results:One year after surgery, the incidence of Haglund malformation in the observation group was 4.88% (2/41), which was lower than the control group's 29.73% (11/37). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=8.65,P=0.003). The excellent and good rate of Maryland foot function assessment in the observation group was 85.37% (35/41) higher than that in the control group (56.76% (21/37), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=7.86, P=0.005). The AOFAS ankle hind foot score of the observation group ((90.44±6.66) points) was higher than that of the control group ((82.84±7.43) points), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=4.77, P<0.001). The pain score of the observation group ((1.51±1.05) points) was lower than that of the control group ((2.95±1.13) points), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-5.81, P<0.001). The Achilles tendon score of the observation group ((81.05±5.87) points) was higher than that of the control group ((71.62±8.60) points), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=5.70, P<0.001). The excellent and good rate of Arner Lindholm treatment efficacy evaluation for Achilles tendon in the observation group was 87.80% (36/41), which was higher than that in the control group (67.57% (25/37)), and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion:The treatment of Beavis Ⅲ type calcaneal nodule avulsion fracture by removing the bone fragment can simultaneously remove the hypertrophic osteophyte, hardened bone, and Haglund deformity of the calcaneus, and clean the degenerated Achilles tendon and inflammatory tissue around the insertion point; The use of suture bridge technology to reconstruct the Achilles tendon insertion point has the advantages of high fixed strength, allowing early functional exercise, avoiding secondary removal of internal fixation, and achieving satisfactory therapeutic effects, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease that primarily affects individuals in adolescence and early adult-hood.Dilating changes in the cornea cause it to thin and become steeper,resulting in irregular astigmatism and decreased vision.Keratoconus has multiple etiologies and pathogenic factors,including genetic,environmental,biomechanical and cellular factors.Environmental factors encompass eye rubbing,UV exposure,and wearing contact lenses.At the cellular level,the interaction of complex factors such as hormonal changes,extracellular enzyme activity,and changes in biochemi-cal and biomechanical signaling pathways disrupts collagen crosslinking within the stroma,leading to the loss and distortion of the integrity of normal corneal anatomical structures.Detection of keratoconus in its early stages remains a challenge,and corneal topographic maps are the primary diagnostic tool for keratoconus.However,in early cases,the use of a single parameter to diagnose keratoconus is not sufficient.In addition to corneal topographic maps,corneal thickness measure-ments and high-order aberration data are now commonly used detection methods.Clinically,keratoconus is diagnosed by clinical examination and corneal imaging.Advanced imaging platforms can improve the detection rate of keratoconus,facil-itating early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.Treatment strategies for keratoconus are tailored to the severi-ty and progression of the disease.In the early stages,glasses or soft contact lenses for vision correction are sufficient.As the disease progresses,rigid breathable contact lenses or scleral contact lenses may be needed.Corneal crosslinking has emerged as a key treatment aimed at stopping the progression of corneal dilation.The epidemiology,pathogenesis and treatment of keratoconus will be comprehensively reviewed in this paper.