This paper presents an automatic acquisition and analytic procedure of acupuncture manipulation based on optical navigation, aiming at solving the shortcomings of existing acquisition methods of acupuncture manipulation. An acquisition holder installed at the handle tail of filiform needle was designed to display the movement trajectory of the needle during acupuncture delivery by collecting the movement trajectory of holder. The 3-month old male Bama miniature pig was selected as the experimental subject, and 6 points, "Bojian" "Qiangfeng" "Housanli" "Xiaokua" "Huiyang" (BL35) and "Baihui" (GV20), were selected during acupuncture manipulation. The optical navigation system was used to collect the real-time data, and these data were per-processed and analyzed using mean filtering and Fourier transform. The acupuncture procedure was divided into 3 stages, inserting, lifting-thrusting, and twisting. The results showed that the accuracy was 96.3% at lifting-thrusting stage, and that was 100.0% at twisting stage. The decomposition effect of the entire procedure was satisfactory. This study provides a new approach to the quantitative analysis of acupuncture manipulation. In the future, it needs to further optimize the algorithm and expand the sample size so as to improve the accuracy of this analytic technique.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Male ; Animals ; Swine ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Swine, Miniature ; Needles

Cerebral small vessel disease represents a group of common vascular disorders involving pathological changes in arterioles,capillaries and venules,with microvascular investigation remaining a key challenge in stroke.With high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast enabled by enhanced field strength,7T MRI can surpass the resolution limits of 3T MRI,revealing structural and functional abnormalities in cerebral small vessels below 400 μm,as well as detecting subtle lesions in brain tissue.This paper reviews the research progress of multimodal high-resolution imaging techniques based on 7T MRI,such as time-of-flight angiography,phase contrast imaging and susceptibility imaging,in the study of cerebral small vessel disease.Utilizing these technologies,7T MRI can clearly display the structure of cerebral small vessels,such as the lenticulostriate arteries and deep medullary veins,and measure functional parameters like flow velocity and susceptibility.Additionally,it can sensitively detect cerebral microbleeds and cortical cerebral microinfarct.These imaging data provide valuable information for detecting early features of cerebral small vessel disease and assessing its progression,offering new insights into its pathogenesis.Combined with artificial intelligence-based image analysis methods,7T MRI holds great promise for early diagnosis and progression evaluation in cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective To analyze the ecological suitability of Codonopsis pilosula;To provide theoretical reference for expanding the planting scale of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province.Methods Information on the distribution of Codonopsis pilosula samples through the fourth survey of TCM resources in Shanxi Province and literature review;the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS 10.8 geographic information system software were used to analyze the ecological factors affecting the distribution of Codonopsis Radix in Shanxi Province,and the suitable distribution areas of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province were predicted.Results The predicted distribution areas of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province by the model were highly consistent with the actual distribution area;the AUC of the training set was 0.945,indicating good prediction results.The predominant ecological factors(contributing)impacting the distribution of Codonopsis pilosula included vegetation type(31.1%),the standard deviation of seasonal temperature fluctuations(25.0%),slope(8.3%),mean January precipitation(5.3%),mean May precipitation(5.0%),and elevation(4.9%)etc.The optimal vegetation types conducive to the proliferation of Codonopsis pilosula were identified as temperate deciduous shrubs,temperate grasslands,temperate coniferous forests,and temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests.The standard deviation of seasonal temperature change was within the range of 92 to 108,the slope gradient was from 14° to 30°,mean January precipitation was of 4 to 6.8 mm,mean May precipitation was of 33.5 to 58 mm,and elevation ranged from 1 100 to 2 800 meters.Codonopsis pilosula was mainly distributed in Lucheng,Qinxian and Qinyuan counties in the eastern part of Taiyue Mountain in Changzhi City;Pu County,Fenxi County,Fenyang City of Lyuliang City in the Lyuliang Mountain Range and Yushe County of Jinzhong City in the northern part of Taiyue Mountain.The most suitable area in Shanxi Province was 14 109.67 km2,the suitable area encompassed 22 837.62 km2,the relatively suitable area covered 41 982.96 km2,while the unsuitable area extended over 77 769.75 km2.Conclusion The geographical distribution data of Codonopsis pilosula resources in Shanxi Province may serve as a basis for further examination of regional zoning,with the establishment of wild cultivation bases for Codonopsis pilosula in proximity to various mountain ranges,such as the Taihang Mountains.Moreover,the artificial cultivation conditions can be modified in accordance with the optimal growth environment of Codonopsis pilosula,thereby optimizing the management of Codonopsis resources.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Objective To analyze the ecological suitability of Codonopsis pilosula;To provide theoretical reference for expanding the planting scale of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province.Methods Information on the distribution of Codonopsis pilosula samples through the fourth survey of TCM resources in Shanxi Province and literature review;the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS 10.8 geographic information system software were used to analyze the ecological factors affecting the distribution of Codonopsis Radix in Shanxi Province,and the suitable distribution areas of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province were predicted.Results The predicted distribution areas of Codonopsis pilosula in Shanxi Province by the model were highly consistent with the actual distribution area;the AUC of the training set was 0.945,indicating good prediction results.The predominant ecological factors(contributing)impacting the distribution of Codonopsis pilosula included vegetation type(31.1%),the standard deviation of seasonal temperature fluctuations(25.0%),slope(8.3%),mean January precipitation(5.3%),mean May precipitation(5.0%),and elevation(4.9%)etc.The optimal vegetation types conducive to the proliferation of Codonopsis pilosula were identified as temperate deciduous shrubs,temperate grasslands,temperate coniferous forests,and temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests.The standard deviation of seasonal temperature change was within the range of 92 to 108,the slope gradient was from 14° to 30°,mean January precipitation was of 4 to 6.8 mm,mean May precipitation was of 33.5 to 58 mm,and elevation ranged from 1 100 to 2 800 meters.Codonopsis pilosula was mainly distributed in Lucheng,Qinxian and Qinyuan counties in the eastern part of Taiyue Mountain in Changzhi City;Pu County,Fenxi County,Fenyang City of Lyuliang City in the Lyuliang Mountain Range and Yushe County of Jinzhong City in the northern part of Taiyue Mountain.The most suitable area in Shanxi Province was 14 109.67 km2,the suitable area encompassed 22 837.62 km2,the relatively suitable area covered 41 982.96 km2,while the unsuitable area extended over 77 769.75 km2.Conclusion The geographical distribution data of Codonopsis pilosula resources in Shanxi Province may serve as a basis for further examination of regional zoning,with the establishment of wild cultivation bases for Codonopsis pilosula in proximity to various mountain ranges,such as the Taihang Mountains.Moreover,the artificial cultivation conditions can be modified in accordance with the optimal growth environment of Codonopsis pilosula,thereby optimizing the management of Codonopsis resources.

Cerebral small vessel disease represents a group of common vascular disorders involving pathological changes in arterioles,capillaries and venules,with microvascular investigation remaining a key challenge in stroke.With high signal-to-noise ratio and high contrast enabled by enhanced field strength,7T MRI can surpass the resolution limits of 3T MRI,revealing structural and functional abnormalities in cerebral small vessels below 400 μm,as well as detecting subtle lesions in brain tissue.This paper reviews the research progress of multimodal high-resolution imaging techniques based on 7T MRI,such as time-of-flight angiography,phase contrast imaging and susceptibility imaging,in the study of cerebral small vessel disease.Utilizing these technologies,7T MRI can clearly display the structure of cerebral small vessels,such as the lenticulostriate arteries and deep medullary veins,and measure functional parameters like flow velocity and susceptibility.Additionally,it can sensitively detect cerebral microbleeds and cortical cerebral microinfarct.These imaging data provide valuable information for detecting early features of cerebral small vessel disease and assessing its progression,offering new insights into its pathogenesis.Combined with artificial intelligence-based image analysis methods,7T MRI holds great promise for early diagnosis and progression evaluation in cerebral small vessel disease.

According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) standards, the Newborn Working Group of the ILAE put forward 6 necessary questions about the management of neonatal anti-seizure medication and gave evidence-based recommendations in 2023. The basic framework is systematic review+expert consensus. The clinical recommendations of ILAE guidelines 2023 and the similarities and differences between ILAE guidelines 2023 and ILAE guidelines 2011 were analyzed and interpreted in this paper, in order to provide reference for colleagues involved in neonatal convulsion management in China.

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the performance of digital PCR (dPCR) detecting multiple and single copies genes of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for nucleic acid quantification and explore their applicability in clinical settings.Methods:Compared the sensitivity, specificity, precision, lower limit of detection (LoD), and linearity for multicopy BamHI-W dPCR and single-copy EBNA1 dPCR systems. Linear regression analysis using the least squares method was employed to evaluate the linearity. Additionally, we analyzed plasma samples from 182 patients with suspected EBV-related diseases between January and July 2022 at the Southern Medical University Southern Hospital, using both dPCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for EBV DNA quantification. Linear regression analysis using the least squares method was conducted to assess their quantitative correlation.Results:The dPCR systems for both multicopy and single-copy genes showed excellent linearity ( R 2 values of 0.992 and 0.997, respectively, both P<0.001). The LoD were 188 IU/ml for BamHI-W gene and 358 IU/ml for EBNA1 gene dPCR systems. The logarithmic coefficient of variation ( CV) values for high-concentration samples (1 000 000 IU/ml) were 0.34% and 0.21% for the BamHI-W gene and EBNA1 gene dPCR assays, respectively, while for low-concentration samples (5 000 IU/ml) were 0.98% and 0.64%, respectively. In the detection of seven common clinical infectious pathogens and EBV positive samples, only EBV-positive samples yielded positive signals in the dPCR detection system, with no cross-reaction with other pathogens. In 182 samples, the positive detection rates were 47.80% (87/182) for BamHI-W gene and 35.16% (64/182) for EBNA1 gene dPCR, compared to 43.41% (79/182) for qPCR. Linear correlation analysis with qPCR showed R2 values of 0.837 for BamHI-W gene and 0.763 for EBNA1 gene dPCR (both P<0.001). The BamHI-W gene copy number ranged from 3 to 18 copies per clinical sample, with patient-specific variations. There was a high consistency in viral load trends between the multicopy BamHI-W gene and single-copy EBNA1 gene dPCR systems within individual patients. Conclusions:The dPCR methods detecting EBV multiple and single copies genes showed high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and quantitative accuracy, suitable for clinical sample analysis. The multicopy BamHI-W gene dPCR method notably enhances detection sensitivity and can be used as a supplement to current EBV DNA load detection methods, especially in low-concentration samples. For within-patient EBV DNA monitoring, the multicopy gene method proves more effective, while inter-patient comparisons might necessitate single-copy gene methods or normalize them using the same standard.