Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)are chronic progressive diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction,and their traditional therapies have limitations.In recent years,nanocarrier systems have demonstrated significant advantages in targeted delivery,enhancing drug safety and efficacy,thereby offering new strategies for precise diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.Nanomaterials,including polymer nanoparticles,lipid nanoparticles,inorganic nanoparticles and bio-inspired nanoparticles,can effectively intervene key pathological processes of ASCVD.They achieve therapeutic effects by regulating macrophage balance,preserving endothelial cell function,maintaining smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and modulating platelet activity.This review summarizes the application characteristics and research progress of different types of nanomaterials in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD,and provides insights into the challenges and future prospects of this field.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)are chronic progressive diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction,and their traditional therapies have limitations.In recent years,nanocarrier systems have demonstrated significant advantages in targeted delivery,enhancing drug safety and efficacy,thereby offering new strategies for precise diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.Nanomaterials,including polymer nanoparticles,lipid nanoparticles,inorganic nanoparticles and bio-inspired nanoparticles,can effectively intervene key pathological processes of ASCVD.They achieve therapeutic effects by regulating macrophage balance,preserving endothelial cell function,maintaining smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and modulating platelet activity.This review summarizes the application characteristics and research progress of different types of nanomaterials in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD,and provides insights into the challenges and future prospects of this field.

Background The chronic injury of the hematopoietic system caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is often ignored. The essential cause of this injury is the damage of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Objective To explore the long-term effects of IR at different radiation doses and at different radiation fractions of the same radiation dose on HSPCs in the bone marrow of mice, and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the chronic damage to the hematopoietic system caused by IR. Methods A total of 16 male C57BL/6 mice aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups that received different doses or fractions of total body X-ray irradiation, including 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation group (n=5), 3 Gy irradiation group (n=4), 6 Gy irradiation group (n=4), and non-irradiation group (n=3). Two months after irradiation, bone marrow cells from each mouse were collected and counted. The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was analyzed by cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay. The proportion of HSPCs was measured by flow cytometry. The cell cycle of HSPCs was assessed by antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 (Ki-67) and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) double staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of HSPCs were estimated with a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. The cellular senescence of HSPCs was evaluated with a 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (C12FDG) probe. The expression of senescence related genes such as P16, P19, P21, and P27 was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results There was no significant change in the numbers of bone marrow cells 2 months after different doses and fractions of radiation (P>0.05). The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was significantly decreased after 3 Gy and 6 Gy irradiation when compared to non-irradiated mice (P<0.01). HSPCs responded inconsistently to different doses and fractions of irradiation. Overall, there was no significant change in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) proportion after irradiation (P>0.05), the proportions of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs), and multipotent progenitors 2 (MPP2) increased after irradiation (P<0.05), and the proportions of LSK, MPP1, MPP3, and MPP4 cells decreased after irradiation (P<0.05); except for HPCs and MPP2, the proportion of HSPCs in G0 phase was decreased (P<0.05). The ROS production in HSPCs was increased significantly after 6 Gy irradiation (P<0.05), while the ROS levels after 3 Gy and 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation were similar to that of the non-radiation group (P>0.05). The cellular senescent proportion of HPCs, LSK, and HSCs increased after irradiation (P<0.05). The expression levels of senescence related genes P16, P19, and P21 in HSCs were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The responses of HSPCs in bone marrow to IR vary depending on doses and fractions of irradiation. Increased ROS production and cellular senescence may be involved in the damage process of HSPCs under radiation settings.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcome of radical surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy for patients aged over 75 years with stage II( or III( rectal cancer.

METHODSFrom 2000 to 2010, 178 patients aged over 75 years at diagnosis who underwent radical surgery in National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, were selected from 3995 patients with stage II( or III( rectal cancer in the database of the above center and enrolled into this retrospective cohort study, which was approved by ethics committee of the above hospital (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02312284).

RESULTSMedian age of patients was 77 years (range 75-87). There were 37 (20.8%), 69 (38.8%), and 72 (40.4%) patients with tumors locating in the high, middle and low rectum respectively; 89(50%) patients of pathological stages II( and III( respectively; 21(11.8%), 137(77%), 19(10.7%), and 1(0.6%) patients with poorly, moderately, well differentiated adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma respectively. The Charlson/Deyo comorbidity index (CCI) score was 0 in the majority (73.6%) of patients. Fifty-three patients underwent abdominoperineal resection, 116 underwent low anterior resection and 9 underwent Hartmann resection. All the patients received computed tomography-based simulation and treatment planning using an anal marker in a prone or supine position. Patients were treated with linear accelerator by megavoltage photons (6MV), with 2D technique in early years and 3D conformal or simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique later, at a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the pelvis within an overall treatment time of 35 days. Sixty-one patients (34.3%) received surgery combined with radiation (ART group), in whom 16 received radiation alone 117 patients did not receive radiation(NORT group). The baseline data between ART and NORT group were not significantly different(all P>0.05). There was no significant difference in 5-year overall survival between ART and NORT groups (61.0% vs. 63.0%, P=0.586). The cumulative local relapse was 10.9% and 25.4% in ART and NORT group respectively (P=0.032). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that surgery combined with radiation improved local control significantly(HR=0.27, 95%CI:0.11-0.68, P=0.005).

CONCLUSIONSFor elderly patients aged over 75 years with stage II( or III( rectal cancer, radical surgery combined with radiation does not increase the overall survival, but can improve local control rate. It is reasonable to selectively apply adjuvant radiotherapy to the elderly patients in the setting of radical surgery.

Adenocarcinoma ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Rectal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the methodology and results of the auricle repair with expanded skin flap in mastoid process area and Medpor support in children with congenital malformation.Methods Thirty cases of congenital malformation were enrolled with age ranged from 5～16 years old.Whole auricles were all reconstructed with an expanded skin flap in mastoid process area and Medpor support.Resuits In all successful cases.their repaired auricles had the natural complexion and profile,and the positions were symmetric with healthy one,but in 2 cases(age group of 11-16 years),the expanded skin flap had less skin grafting.Conclusion It is suggested that optional operation time might be selected before 10 years old,because their psychological trauma could be avoided owing to microtia and in that age the size of the expanded flap is larger enough to reconstruct the ear as their auricle iS well-developed.