Objective By combining biological detection and imaging evaluation, a clinical prediction model is constructed based on a large cohort to improve the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of the 32 627 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent chest CT and testing for 7 types of lung cancer-related serum autoantibodies (7-AABs) at our hospital from January 2020 to April 2024. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to screen independent risk factors for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, based on which a nomogram model was established. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 1 017 patients with pulmonary nodules were included in the study. The training set consisted of 712 patients, including 291 males and 421 females, with a mean age of (58±12) years. The validation set included 305 patients, comprising 129 males and 176 females, with a mean age of (58±13) years. Univariate ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of CT and 7-AABs testing achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value (0.794), surpassing the diagnostic efficacy of CT alone (AUC=0.667) or 7-AABs alone (AUC=0.514). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that radiological nodule diameter, nodule nature, and CT combined with 7-AABs detection were independent predictors, which were used to construct a nomogram prediction model. The AUC values for this model were 0.826 and 0.862 in the training and validation sets, respectively, demonstrating excellent performance in DCA. Conclusion The combination of 7-AABs with CT significantly enhances the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The developed predictive model provides strong support for clinical decision-making and contributes to achieving precise diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 mutant S1 protein,ex-pressed in CHO-K1 cells to evaluate its immunogenicity,and investigate the adjuvant and antigen dosages.Methods The recombinant plasmid UCOE-Omi-S1 was constructed and transfected into CHO-K1 engineering cells for expression and purification.The recombi-nant S1 protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 12groups:PBS group,no adjuvant group(high,medium and low-dose groups),aluminum salt adjuvant control group,MF59 adjuvant control group,aluminum salt adjuvant experimental group(high,medium and low-dose groups),MF59 adjuvant experimental group(high,medium and low-dose groups).The solution in accordance with the required proportion of the group was injected intramuscular into the mice 3 times,the interval of 14days,and the blood was collected from the tail vein every 2 weeks,and the serum was separated 30days after the last immu-nization.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum antibody levels and to neutralize pseudoviruses with SARS-CoV-2 prototype and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant strains.Results After the expression of the target protein in CHO-K1 engineering cells,the expressed protein was observed at a relative molecular mass of approximately 70kDa and was identified as Omi-S1 protein by Western blot.The immune induction effect of the aluminum salt adjuvant group and MF59 adjuvant group was better than that of the no adjuvant group.There was no significant difference between the aluminum salt adjuvant group and the MF59 adjuvant group,but the MF59 adjuvant took effect more quickly.The immune induction effect of the high,middle,and low-dose groups was simi-lar at the 8th week,but the effect of the high-dose group was faster.Pseudovirus neutralization experiments showed that MF59 adjuvant experimental group exhibited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variants than the aluminum salt adjuvant group.Conclusion This study successfully constructed a recombinant protein of Omicron S1 with good immunogenicity and generated a strong humoral immune response in mice,inducing high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus.The adjuvant and antigen dosages of SARS-CoV-2 were preliminarily studied showed that a dose of less than 10μg of antigen dosages with MF59 adjuvant was found to be effective in inducing good immunity.These findings provide the experimental basis for the development of recombinant protein vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Objective:To explore the factors affecting the prognosis of severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.Methods:It was a multicenter prospective observational study. A total of 95 children with severe ARDS who were treated with ECMO salvage therapy from January 2018 to December 2022 in 9 pediatric ECMO centers in China were enrolled in the study. The general data, disease severity, organ function, comprehensive treatment and prognosis were recorded, and they were divided into survival group and death group according to the outcome at discharge. T test, chi-square test, multivariate Logistic regression and mixed linear model were used to analyze the relationship among baseline before ECMO treatment, some important indicators (pediatric critical scores, platelet count, albumin, fibrinogen, etc) during ECMO treatment and prognosis. Results:Among the 95 children with severe ARDS who received ECMO, 55 (58%) were males and 40 (42%) were females, aged 36.9 (0.5, 72.0) months. Twelve children (13%) were immunodeficient. Sixty-eight (72%) children were treated with venous artery (VA) mode and 27 (28%) with venous vein (VV) mode. The discharge survival rates of overall, VA, and VV mode children were 51% (48/95), 47% (32/68), and 59% (16/27), respectively. The number of immunodeficient children in the death group was higher, and there were lower pediatric critical scores, platelet count, albumin, fibrinogen and arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO 2/FiO 2), higher ventilator driving pressure (ΔP), oxygenaion index (OI), and longer ARDS duration before ECMO (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in other indicators, including age, gender, weight, and ECMO mode among different prognostic groups (all P>0.05). High ΔP, high OI, low P/F, and low albumin were high-risk factors affecting prognosis(all P<0.05). After further grouping, it was found that ΔP≥25 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), P/F≤67 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and OI≥35 were the thresholds for predicting poor prognosis ( P<0.05). From 24 h after ECMO, there were significant differences in ΔP, P/F and OI between the dead group and the survival group (all P<0.05), and the differences gradually increased with the ECMO process. The platelet level was significant from 7 days after ECMO ( P<0.05) and gradually expanded. Blood lactate levels showed a significant difference between the 2 groups on before and after ECMO ( P<0.05) and gradually increased from 24 h after ECMO. Conclusions:The risk factors affecting the prognosis of severe ARDS in ECMO include high ΔP, high OI, low P/F and low albumin purification therapy before ECMO. The gradual decrease of ΔP, OI and increase of P/F from 24 h of ECMO predicted a good prognosis, while the gradual increase of lactate after ECMO application showed a poor prognosis.

Objective Explore a non-contact physiological and psychological detection model based on facial video in simulations of weightlessness effects,research new methods for non-contact heart rate and negative mood state detection in long-term simulations of weightlessness effect analysis.Methods Construct a non-contact physiological and psychological data collection system for fusion analysis of visible light and thermal infrared videos.Collect physiological and psychological data of volunteers in the"Earth Star-Ⅱ"90-day head-down bed rest experiment.A non-contact heart rate detection model based on GCN facial multi-region feature fusion and a non-contact negative mood state detection model considering data reliability were constructed,and the effectiveness of the models were validated with finger clip heart rate and POMS-SF scale as labels.Results The experimental results show that the average difference in the Bland-Altman plot of the non-contact heart rate detection model is-1.26 bpm,and 96.3%of value error detection data falls within the 95%confidence interval,indicating a high consistency between the model detected heart rate and the finger clip heart rate.The non-contact negative mood state detection model achieves an accuracy of>0.85 for detecting tension,depression,anger,and fatigue.Features such as heart rate,AU06,eye gaze,and head pose were observed to be important to mood state detection.Conclusion Non-contact physiological and psychological detection methods not only can be utilized for long-term physiological analysis in simulations of weightlessness effects,but also provide a novel technical approach for on-orbit astronauts health assurance during long-term space flight in the future.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have investigated the effects of whole body vibration training at different frequencies on muscle strength,but less is reported on the differences in the efficacy of vibration training at different frequencies on patellar tendinopathy. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of eccentric training of quadriceps combined with different frequency of whole body vibration training on patellar tendinopathy. METHODS:From April to June 2022,48 patients with patellar tendinopathy were recruited from Wuhan Sports University and randomly divided into eccentric training group(n=12),30 Hz group(n=12),40 Hz group(n=12),and 50 Hz group(n=12).The eccentric training group only completed eccentric training of the quadriceps.The 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz groups performed the whole body vibration training with the amplitude of 2 mm and frequencies of 30 Hz,40 Hz and 50 Hz respectively on the basis of the eccentric training of the quadriceps.The intervention lasted for 8 weeks,three times a week.Before and after the intervention,the patients'surface electromyography signals of the quadriceps,kinematics and dynamics data of knee joint at the time of landing in deep jump and the time of peak vertical ground reaction,Visual Analogue Scale score,Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 8 weeks of intervention,compared with the eccentric training group,the median frequency of the lateral and medial femoris muscles were significantly higher in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups(P＜0.05).At the time of landing,the knee joint flexion angle and external rotation moment in the 40 Hz and 50 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05),while the knee joint flexion angle in the 50 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).At the peak moment of vertical ground reaction,the knee extension torque in the 40 Hz group was significantly lower than that in the eccectric training group(P＜0.05);the knee flexion angle and knee extension torque in the 50 Hz group were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Visual Analogue Scale scores in the 50 Hz and 40 Hz groups were significantly lower than those in the eccentric training group(P＜0.05).The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patellar score in the 50 Hz group was significantly higher than that in the eccentric training group and 30 Hz group(P＜0.05).To conclude,eccentric training of the quadriceps combined with 50 Hz whole body vibration training can significantly improve quadriceps'strength,endurance and activation rate of the vastus lateralis muscle,reduce the pain of knee joint,and improve the function of the knee joint in patients with patellar tendinopathy.

Objective To analyze the causal relationship between Sjogren's syndrome(SS)and primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and abnormal liver function by two-sample Mendelian randomization.Methods From the ge-nome-wide association study,single nucleotide polymorphisms of SS,PBC,alkaline phosphatase,alanine amin-otransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels were extrac-ted as instrumental variables.Inverse-variance weighted(IVW)analysis was used as the main analysis,supplemen-ted by weighted median,MR-Egger,weighted mode,and simple mode.And a series of sensitivity analyses were car-ried out to verify the robustness of the results.Results The IVW analysis results of PBC on SS were as follows:P=8.57E-11,OR=1.185 9,95％CI=1.126 4-1.248 5;IVW analysis of PBC on SS(P＞0.05).IVW analysis results of SS on alkaline phosphatase were as follows:P=0.041 5,Beta=-0.007 2,95％CI=-0.014 0--0.000 3;IVW analysis results of SS on alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin levels showed no statistically significant difference.Conclusion PBC can significantly increase the risk of SS,but SS cannot be proved to have a causal effect on the occurrence of PBC.SS has a potential effect on re-ducing alkaline phosphatase levels,but it is not proved that SS has causal relationship with alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,γ-glutamyltransferase,direct bilirubin,total bilirubin levels.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the status of radiological Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) among school-aged children in Chamdo City, Tibet, through a 3-year monitoring survey, providing epidemiological evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods:The target areas for this study were Luolong, Bianba, and Basu counties in Chamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region, identified as having the most severe historical cases of KBD. Children aged 7-12 years attending school were enrolled as study subjects. Anteroposterior X-ray films of the right-hand were taken, and radiological diagnoses were made based on the "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" criteria (WS/T 207-2010). Two experienced researchers independently reviewed the X-rays, and intra- and inter-group consistency were assessed using weighted Kappa values and percentage agreement. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2020 to describe the X-ray detection rates of KBD, and logistic regression analysis was employed to construct a predictive model of risk factors for radiological KBD cases.Results:In 2017, a total of 5,711 children aged 7-12 years in Chamdo City, Tibet, participated in the baseline cross-sectional survey (average age 9.2 years, 48.0% female), with 28 cases of radiological KBD. The age- and gender-standardized prevalence rate was 0.527%. In 2020, 6,771 participants (average age 9.3 years, 49.5% female) underwent a second cross-sectional survey, with 9 cases of radiological KBD and a standardized prevalence rate of 0.134%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age [ OR=2.439, 95% CI(1.299, 4.580), P=0.006] and female gender [ OR=8.157, 95% CI(1.016, 65.528), P=0.048] were independent risk factors for radiological KBD cases. Conversely, higher residential altitude, under the premise of Tibet's high altitude, was a protective factor [ OR=0.995, 95% CI(0.990, 0.999), P=0.032). Conclusion:The radiographically positive detection rate of KBD among school-aged children in Chamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region, is at an extremely low level and showing a declining trend, reaching the historical standard in 2020. Considering the absence of positive signs in affected children, it suggests that local KBD has been effectively eliminated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disease based on damage of striatal nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, with motor dysfunction as typical clinical feature. However, PD is often accompanied by a series of non-motor symptoms (NMS) represented by depression and anxiety, which not only interferes with clinical management of PD patients, but also seriously affects quality of life of patients. Pathophysiological mechanism of PD comorbid depression and anxiety is still unclear, but is closely related to the disease process, severity of motor dysfunction, and metabolic disorders of neurotransmitter cytokines. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiological mechanism and treatment strategies of PD comorbid depression and anxiety, in order to improve the NMS clinical management and quality of life of PD patients.

【Objective】 To construct an acute toxoplasma encephalitis mouse model by observing the pathological changes in the hippocampus of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain RH. 【Methods】 The quantitative RH Toxoplasma gondii (100, 500, and 1 000 trophozoites) were injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of mice by the stereotaxic surgery; the survival status of mice was observed. Giemsa staining was used to observe the changes of toxoplasma in mouse ascites and brain tissue homogenates. Nissl staining and HE staining were used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal nerve tissue. The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue was observed by immunohistochemical ABC method. 【Results】 The RH Toxoplasma gondii infected mice showed obvious symptoms such as arched back, bristling hair, abdominal distension, subtle tremor and hemiplegia on the fourth day of infection. The survival of mice in 100 trophozoites group was longer, no trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii were found in ascites, a few pseudocysts were found in brain tissue homogenates after infected for 96 hours, and more trophozoites were found after death. Nysl staining and HE staining showed more tissue necrosis foci and loss of nerve cells in CA1 area after infected 144 h. The injury aggravated with the prolongation of infection time. Toxoplasma trophozoites were found in ascites and brain homogenates of mice in 500 and 1000 trophozoites groups. Nissl staining revealed neuronal loss and massive necrosis in the hippocampus. HE staining showed necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The brain tissue injury significantly aggravated compared with 100 trophozoites group. The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the necrotic foci was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. 【Conclusion】 The survival of 100 trophozoite mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain RH was longer, and the pathological changes of brain tissue gradually aggravated. The damage was relatively confined to the brain tissue, and the mice showed typical symptoms of toxoplasma encephalitis. Therefore, the mouse model of acute toxoplasma encephalitis can be constructed by localized infection of 100 toxoplasma trophozoites, which can lay a foundation for future research on the mechanism of toxoplasma injury to cranial nerves.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale， and preliminarily study its effect on acute lung injury （ALI） in mice. METHODS Using D. officinale as raw material， the polysaccharides were extracted from D. officinale by ultrasonic-assisted hot water immersion. Using the extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides as response value， the single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the ratio of material to liquid， extraction time and extraction temperature. ALI mice were induced by lipopolysaccharide. Using prednisone acetate （5 mg/kg） as the positive control， the effects on the mass ratio of wet and dry lung and pathological changes of lung tissue （HE staining and Masson staining） of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose D. officinale polysaccharides （50，100，200 mg/kg） were investigated. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology of D. officinale polysaccharides was as follows： the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶25 （g/mL）， the extracting time was 1 h， and the extracting temperature was 58 ℃ . Under these conditions， the average extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides was 37.75% （RSD＝1.12%，n＝3）， the relative error of which with predicted value （38.63%） was 2.28%. Compared with the model group， the ratios of wet and dry lung in the positive control group and D. officinale polysaccharides groups were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the pathological changes in lung tissue （severe destruction of alveolar structure， significant widening of alveolar septa， extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibroblasts） were alleviated to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The optimal extraction process of D. officinale polysaccharides is feasible； the obtained polysaccharide extract has a certain improvement effect on ALI in mice.