Non-small cell lung cancer, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, significantly threatens human health. Precisely assessing patient prognosis and implementing adaptive treatment strategies have emerged as pivotal issues in contemporary thoracic oncology. Postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection through liquid biopsy has demonstrated substantial potential. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables real-time dynamic monitoring of tumor alterations. With advancements in ctDNA detection technologies, ctDNA has become a core method for MRD assessment. In the context of postoperative surveillance, ctDNA detection facilitates more accurate prognostic stratification and early prediction of tumor recurrence. Regarding therapeutic interventions, ctDNA detection can predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. In the future, further elucidating the value of assessing ctDNA status in predicting patient prognosis and guiding drug therapies will contribute to the advancement of precision medicine and adaptive treatments.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is related to environmental, genetic and immune factors, mainly involving the autoimmune response of the thyroid and extraocular muscles.However, its specific pathogenesis is unclear.Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the transcription products of RNA, are mainly divided into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs).ncRNAs regulate molecular functions and biological processes in cells and the body at the transcription and pre-transcription levels.Recent studies have found that ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, play an important biological regulatory role in the pathogenesis of TAO.This article explains how miRNAs, such as miRNA-146a, miRNA-155, miRNA-21, etc., lncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of TAO, such as inflammation mediation, adipogenesis and fibrosis, and cell proliferation, in order to provide new ideas for future research on the pathogenesis of TAO and clarify the important inspiration and guiding significance of ncRNAs for the targeted intervention and early treatment of TAO.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is related to environmental, genetic and immune factors, mainly involving the autoimmune response of the thyroid and extraocular muscles.However, its specific pathogenesis is unclear.Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the transcription products of RNA, are mainly divided into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs).ncRNAs regulate molecular functions and biological processes in cells and the body at the transcription and pre-transcription levels.Recent studies have found that ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, play an important biological regulatory role in the pathogenesis of TAO.This article explains how miRNAs, such as miRNA-146a, miRNA-155, miRNA-21, etc., lncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of TAO, such as inflammation mediation, adipogenesis and fibrosis, and cell proliferation, in order to provide new ideas for future research on the pathogenesis of TAO and clarify the important inspiration and guiding significance of ncRNAs for the targeted intervention and early treatment of TAO.

Non-small cell lung cancer, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, significantly threatens human health. Precisely assessing patient prognosis and implementing adaptive treatment strategies have emerged as pivotal issues in contemporary thoracic oncology. Postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection through liquid biopsy has demonstrated substantial potential. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables real-time dynamic monitoring of tumor alterations. With advancements in ctDNA detection technologies, ctDNA has become a core method for MRD assessment. In the context of postoperative surveillance, ctDNA detection facilitates more accurate prognostic stratification and early prediction of tumor recurrence. Regarding therapeutic interventions, ctDNA detection can predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. In the future, further elucidating the value of assessing ctDNA status in predicting patient prognosis and guiding drug therapies will contribute to the advancement of precision medicine and adaptive treatments.

Objective:To study the expressions of C-C class chemokine 17 (CCL17), C-C class chemokine 22 (CCL22), and C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) for analyzing their correlations with clinical features and to preliminarily explore their roles in the development of NDMM.Methods:The study included 40 patients with NDMM and 20 healthy volunteers from the Department of Hematology of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from July 2020 to December 2022. Peripheral blood, bone marrow, and bone marrow biopsy tissue samples were collected from the two groups. The expression levels of CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 in patients with NDMM were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 in the bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) of patients with NDMM were analyzed to assess their correlations with clinical indicators.Results:The mRNA expression levels of CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 in BMMNC were higher in patients with NDMM than in controls (all P<0.05). The protein expression levels of CCL17 and CCL22 in peripheral blood supernatants and bone marrow supernatants were higher in patients with NDMM than in controls (all P<0.05). The expression levels of CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 in bone marrow biopsy tissues were higher in patients with NDMM than in controls (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of CCL17 was increased in NDMM patients with combined anemia, bone damage, renal damage, and M protein level ≥30 g/L (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of CCL22 was increased in NDMM patients with combined anemia, bone damage, and renal damage (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of CCR4 was increased in NDMM patients with combined anemia and renal damage (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 were highly expressed in clinical samples from patients with NDMM compared to those from controls, and they may be involved in the occurrence and development of NDMM.