Recently, returning straw to the fields has been proved as a direct and effective method to tackle soil nutrient loss and agricultural pollution. Meanwhile, the slow decomposition of straw may harm the growth of the next crop. This study aimed to determine the effects of rumen microorganisms (RMs) on straw decomposition, bacterial microbial community structure, soil properties, and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that RMs significantly enhanced the degradation rate of straw in the soil, reaching 39.52%, which was 41.37% higher than that of the control on the 30th day after straw return. After 30 d, straw degradation showed a significant slower trend in both the control and the experimental groups. According to the soil physicochemical parameters, the application of rumen fluid expedited soil matter transformation and nutrient buildup, and increased the urease, sucrase, and cellulase activity by 10%‒20%. The qualitative analysis of straw showed that the hydroxyl functional group structure of cellulose in straw was greatly damaged after the application of rumen fluid. The analysis of soil microbial community structure revealed that the addition of rumen fluid led to the proliferation of Actinobacteria with strong cellulose degradation ability, which was the main reason for the accelerated straw decomposition. Our study highlights that returning rice straw to the fields with rumen fluid inoculation can be used as an effective measure to enhance the biological value of recycled rice straw, proposing a viable solution to the problem of sluggish straw decomposition.
Animals ; Rumen/metabolism* ; Agriculture/methods* ; Soil/chemistry* ; Microbiota ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Oryza/metabolism* ; Soil Microbiology ; Cellulose

Objective:To investigate the impact of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on life quality improvement in women aged 40-65 years who suffered from menopausal syndrome.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients aged 40-65 years attending the menopause clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, between April 2010 and November 2019. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was implemented to evaluate the scale and severity of menopausal syndrome.Results:The total MRS scores were 9.25, 5.25, 4.67 and 4.25 before and 3, 6 and 12 months after menopausal hormone therapy, respectively. Compared with baseline, MRS score decreased significantly after menopausal hormone therapy (all P<0.001). Furthermore, After treatment, the decrease of MRS score in 50-54 years old group was significantly higher than that in 40-44 years old group ( P=0.043). Other characteristics such as marriage, income and body mass index, were not associated with the decrease of MRS score (all P>0.05). Conclusion:MHT can significantly improve menopausal syndrome in women aged 40 to 65 years, and the effect in 50-54 years old group is better than that in 40-44 years old group.

Objective:To investigate the impact of menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on life quality improvement in women aged 40-65 years who suffered from menopausal syndrome.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of patients aged 40-65 years attending the menopause clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, between April 2010 and November 2019. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was implemented to evaluate the scale and severity of menopausal syndrome.Results:The total MRS scores were 9.25, 5.25, 4.67 and 4.25 before and 3, 6 and 12 months after menopausal hormone therapy, respectively. Compared with baseline, MRS score decreased significantly after menopausal hormone therapy (all P<0.001). Furthermore, After treatment, the decrease of MRS score in 50-54 years old group was significantly higher than that in 40-44 years old group ( P=0.043). Other characteristics such as marriage, income and body mass index, were not associated with the decrease of MRS score (all P>0.05). Conclusion:MHT can significantly improve menopausal syndrome in women aged 40 to 65 years, and the effect in 50-54 years old group is better than that in 40-44 years old group.