Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common disease of the knee joint, which affects the stability of the knee joint. As an emerging field, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury in recent years, improving the accuracy and timeliness of the whole diagnosis and treatment process to improve the prognosis of ACL injury. This article reviews the research progress of AI in diagnosis of ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, prediction of postoperative outcomes, and postoperative rehabilitation. We hope this information may help surgeons to improve the success rate of AI in diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury and provide cutting-edge technical support to improve patient outcomes.

Objective To investigate whether the geometric triangular relationship between the Blumensaat line and the tibial plateau can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic index for identifying and evaluating anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.Methods A retrospective self-controlled study was conducted involving 64 patients diagnosed with unilateral ACL injury via arthroscopy and treated with ACL reconstruction at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January to August 2023.Ultimately,40 cases were included in the analysis.Preoperative MRI images of the affected knees and contralateral healthy knees were collected as the ACL injury group and control group,respectively.In the MRI images,point C,point D,and point E were defined as the anterior end,posterior end,and midpoint of the Blumensaat line,respectively;point A and point B were defined as the turning points of the anterior and posterior edges of the tibial plateau,respectively;and point C'was defined as the intersection of the extension line of DC and line AB.Based on these anatomical landmarks,angles ∠DAB,∠CEB,∠DC'B,and ∠CDB were established.The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)was calculated to assess measurement consistency and reproducibility.Differences between the aforementioned angles were compared,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was computed to evaluate diagnostic performance.Results For ∠CDB,∠DC'B,∠CEB,and ∠DAB,the intra-group and inter-group correlation coefficients all exceeded 0.80,indicating excellent consistency and reproducibility.Compared to the control group,the angles ∠CDB,∠CEB,and ∠DAB in the ACL injury group were significantly reduced(P<0.001).Among these,∠DAB appears to be the most reliable index for diagnosing and evaluating ACL injuries,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.829,a cut-off value of 42.2°,a sensitivity of 82.5%,and a specificity of 80.0%.Conclusion The geometric triangular relationship between the Blumensaat line and the tibial plateau in MRI images,particularly the angle ∠DAB,can serve as an auxiliary indicator for diagnosing and evaluating ACL injuries,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To investigate whether the geometric triangular relationship between the Blumensaat line and the tibial plateau can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic index for identifying and evaluating anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.Methods A retrospective self-controlled study was conducted involving 64 patients diagnosed with unilateral ACL injury via arthroscopy and treated with ACL reconstruction at Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January to August 2023.Ultimately,40 cases were included in the analysis.Preoperative MRI images of the affected knees and contralateral healthy knees were collected as the ACL injury group and control group,respectively.In the MRI images,point C,point D,and point E were defined as the anterior end,posterior end,and midpoint of the Blumensaat line,respectively;point A and point B were defined as the turning points of the anterior and posterior edges of the tibial plateau,respectively;and point C'was defined as the intersection of the extension line of DC and line AB.Based on these anatomical landmarks,angles ∠DAB,∠CEB,∠DC'B,and ∠CDB were established.The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)was calculated to assess measurement consistency and reproducibility.Differences between the aforementioned angles were compared,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was computed to evaluate diagnostic performance.Results For ∠CDB,∠DC'B,∠CEB,and ∠DAB,the intra-group and inter-group correlation coefficients all exceeded 0.80,indicating excellent consistency and reproducibility.Compared to the control group,the angles ∠CDB,∠CEB,and ∠DAB in the ACL injury group were significantly reduced(P<0.001).Among these,∠DAB appears to be the most reliable index for diagnosing and evaluating ACL injuries,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.829,a cut-off value of 42.2°,a sensitivity of 82.5%,and a specificity of 80.0%.Conclusion The geometric triangular relationship between the Blumensaat line and the tibial plateau in MRI images,particularly the angle ∠DAB,can serve as an auxiliary indicator for diagnosing and evaluating ACL injuries,thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common disease of the knee joint, which affects the stability of the knee joint. As an emerging field, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly in the diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury in recent years, improving the accuracy and timeliness of the whole diagnosis and treatment process to improve the prognosis of ACL injury. This article reviews the research progress of AI in diagnosis of ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, prediction of postoperative outcomes, and postoperative rehabilitation. We hope this information may help surgeons to improve the success rate of AI in diagnosis and treatment of ACL injury and provide cutting-edge technical support to improve patient outcomes.

Objective To assess the modified two-window ilioinguinal approaches used for the open reduction and internal fixation of anterior wall/column fractures of acetabulum.Methods From March 2011 to March 2012,we treated 15 patients with anterior acetabular fractures by open reduction and internal fixation.They were 13 males and 2 females,18 to 53 years of age (mean,36.8 years).According to Judet & Letournel classification,we had 6 anterior column fractures,3 transverse plus posterior wall fractures 6 double column fractures.The anterior wall/column fractures were reduced and fixated using plates and screws through 2 separate small incisions located on the symphysis pubis and the posterior part of iliac crest,respectively.The posterior components of the acetabular fractures were reduced and fixated by the Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L) approach.Only the modified two-window approaches were used for 6 anterior column fractures,and the other 9 cases used the K-L approach in addition to the modified two-window approaches.The operation time,intra-operative blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded.The quality of fracture reduction was judged according to the Matta scheme and the clinical outcome was measured using the Merle d' Aubigné-Postel rating system.Results All the 15 patients were followed for an average of 15 months (from 9 to 19 months).The mean operation time for the 15 patients was 223.3 ±85.8 minutes and the intra-operative blood loss averaged 993.3 ± 416.6 mL.Anatomical reduction was achieved in all the patients according to the Matta scheme.Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve palsy was observed in one patient but recovered spontaneously one month after operation.The mean Merle d'Aubigné-Postel score at the last follow-up was 16.9 points (from 14 to 18 points).The outcome was defined as excellent in 6 patients,good in 8 and fair in one.No more complication was observed during the follow-up period.Conclusions The modified two-window ilioinguinal approaches can be used for satisfactory reduction and fixation of the anterior wall/column or the anterior components of acetabular fractures.In addition,the modified approaches do not invade very much the soft tissues or need to expose the femoral vessels and nerves.