Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Heilongjiang province, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TBE.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of TBE were systematically analyzed by the data of TBE cases reported in Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System.Results:A total of 1 127 TBE cases were reported from 2006 to 2020. The average age was 45.8 year, and the case fatality rate was 1.2%. Most TBE cases occurred from April to August, with a peak in June.Conclusions:This research elucidated the epidemiological characteristics of TBE in Heilongjiang province, and provides important basic data for the disease prevention and control.

With the rapid advancements in minimally invasive spine surgery and the increasingly sophisti-cated concept of visualization,transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)has become a primary treatment for lumbar disc herniation.Among the critical preoperative steps in TELD,foraminalplasty plays a pivotal role,as its quality directly impacts surgical outcomes and postoperative recurrence rates.This article systemati-cally reviews the evolution of foraminalplasty techniques,evaluates the selection and application of plasty sites,examines factors influencing stability after lumbar foraminalplasty,and highlights recent advancements in computer-assisted navigation.The goal is to serve as a comprehensive reference for clinicians.

Objective To analyze the current status and development trends of registered clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of cervical spondylosis;To provide references for relevant trials.Methods Clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of cervical spondylosis registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR),International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry(ITMCTR),and ClinicalTrials.gov from the establishment of the databases to December 31,2024 were retrieved,and the registration characteristic information of the included trials was analyzed.Results A total of 168 registered trials involving 32 665 subjects were included.The number of registered TCM clinical trials for cervical spondylosis showed an overall upward trend;the average implementation cycle of the studies was(20.1±10.7)months;the regions where the research sponsoring institutions were located were mainly in Shanghai,Beijing,and Guangdong;the funding sources were mostly from government finance and institutional funds;a total of 133 studies underwent ethical review;the main study type was interventional research,and the main study design was randomized parallel-controlled trials;the intervention measures were mainly acupuncture,manual therapy,and Chinese materia medica;the main outcome indicators were scale scores;17 studies met the requirements for data sharing and management plans.Conclusion The number of registered TCM clinical trials for cervical spondylosis is generally increasing,involving multiple subtypes of cervical spondylosis and diversified intervention measures.But there are problems such as significant regional differences,uneven methodological quality,and poor data sharing,which should be improved.

With the rapid advancements in minimally invasive spine surgery and the increasingly sophisti-cated concept of visualization,transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD)has become a primary treatment for lumbar disc herniation.Among the critical preoperative steps in TELD,foraminalplasty plays a pivotal role,as its quality directly impacts surgical outcomes and postoperative recurrence rates.This article systemati-cally reviews the evolution of foraminalplasty techniques,evaluates the selection and application of plasty sites,examines factors influencing stability after lumbar foraminalplasty,and highlights recent advancements in computer-assisted navigation.The goal is to serve as a comprehensive reference for clinicians.

Objective To analyze the current status and development trends of registered clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of cervical spondylosis;To provide references for relevant trials.Methods Clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of cervical spondylosis registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR),International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry(ITMCTR),and ClinicalTrials.gov from the establishment of the databases to December 31,2024 were retrieved,and the registration characteristic information of the included trials was analyzed.Results A total of 168 registered trials involving 32 665 subjects were included.The number of registered TCM clinical trials for cervical spondylosis showed an overall upward trend;the average implementation cycle of the studies was(20.1±10.7)months;the regions where the research sponsoring institutions were located were mainly in Shanghai,Beijing,and Guangdong;the funding sources were mostly from government finance and institutional funds;a total of 133 studies underwent ethical review;the main study type was interventional research,and the main study design was randomized parallel-controlled trials;the intervention measures were mainly acupuncture,manual therapy,and Chinese materia medica;the main outcome indicators were scale scores;17 studies met the requirements for data sharing and management plans.Conclusion The number of registered TCM clinical trials for cervical spondylosis is generally increasing,involving multiple subtypes of cervical spondylosis and diversified intervention measures.But there are problems such as significant regional differences,uneven methodological quality,and poor data sharing,which should be improved.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Heilongjiang province, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TBE.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of TBE were systematically analyzed by the data of TBE cases reported in Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System.Results:A total of 1 127 TBE cases were reported from 2006 to 2020. The average age was 45.8 year, and the case fatality rate was 1.2%. Most TBE cases occurred from April to August, with a peak in June.Conclusions:This research elucidated the epidemiological characteristics of TBE in Heilongjiang province, and provides important basic data for the disease prevention and control.

Background Oral exposure to metals/metalloid elements in drinking water may be harmful to human health. Objective To assess potential health risks of oral exposure to 9 metals/metalloids in drinking water in Zibo City of Shandong Province from 2019 to 2023, and provide reference for the development of local drinking water management policies. Method From 2019 to 2023, a total of 1178 drinking water samples were collected from 261 rural water monitoring sites and 14 urban water monitoring sites in 8 districts and counties of Zibo City. The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) four-step health assessment model was used to evaluate the health risks of oral exposure to 9 metals/metalloids in drinking water for adults. Results A total of 1178 water samples were collected, including 561 urban water samples and 617 rural water samples; 769 samples of tap water and 409 samples of finished water; 634 samples collected in wet season and 544 in dry season. The median carcinogenic risk (CR) of arsenic exposure in drinking water for adults was 3.53×10⁻⁵, and the median hazard quotient (HQ) was 7.85×10⁻². The HQs of arsenic and zinc showed an upward trend in recent years, while the HQ of aluminum showed a downward trend. The stratified analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the CR of arsenic between males and females or between urban water and rural water. The CR of arsenic in dry season was higher than that in wet season, and the CR of arsenic in tap water was higher than that in finished water (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the HQs of 9 metals/metalloids in drinking water between males and females. The HQs of aluminum, copper, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium in tap water were higher than those in finished water (P<0.05). In dry season, the HQs of aluminum, manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, and selenium were higher than those in wet season (P<0.05). The HQs of aluminum, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in urban water were higher than those in rural water (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall health risks of 9 metal/metalloid pollutants in drinking water in Zibo City are lower than the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the US EPA, and suggest an acceptable level and no significant harm to adult health. The health risk of arsenic is relatively high and should be given priority by relevant departments in drinking water risk management.

Objective:To analyze the effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted percutaneous endoscopic posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (RPE-P/TLIF) in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with instability.Methods:From September 2018 to April 2022, 26 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with lumbar segmental instability were treated with RPE-P/TLIF at the Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. There were 13 males and 13 females, with a mean age of 57.92±7.09 years (range, 44 to 75 years) and a mean body mass index of 24.05±2.64 kg/m 2 (range, 19.38 to 29.06 kg/m 2). A total of 31 segments were included, including 21 cases of single-segment surgery (L 3, 4 in 2 cases, L 4, 5 in 18 cases, and L 5S 1 in 1 case) and 5 cases of two-segment surgery (all L 3-L 5). Before surgery and at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery, as well as at the final follow-up, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess back pain and lower limb pain, and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate spinal nerve function. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the MacNab criteria at the final follow-up. Imaging evaluation indicators included pre- and post-operative intervertebral space height, lumbar lordosis angle, fusion rate, and accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Results:The follow-up time for the 26 patients was 42.88±10.09 months (range, 12 to 55 months). The mean operation time was 156.54±33.50 min, and the mean postoperative drainage volume was 27.23±20.20 ml. The VAS scores for back pain and lower limb pain before surgery were 4.35±1.23 and 6.08±0.63, respectively. These scores decreased to 2.08±0.69 and 1.85±0.54 at 1 month postoperatively, 1.85±0.54 and 0.77±0.59 at 6 months, 0.96±0.53 and 0.62±0.57 at 1 year, and 0.88±0.52 and 0.58±0.50 at the final follow-up, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( F=85.943, P=0.001; F=547.946, P=0.014). The ODI scores before surgery and at 1, 6, 12 months after surgery, and at the final follow-up were 55.38%±5.89%, 28.38%±3.849%, 17.77%±2.67%, 12.58%±1.88% and 12.12%±2.27% respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=783.289, P=0.010). According to the MacNab criteria, at the final follow-up, there were 18 cases of excellent, 6 cases of good, and 2 cases of fair, with an excellent and good rate of 92.3%. A total of 114 percutaneous pedicle screws were implanted with grades A, B and C being 109, 4 and 1, respectively. The preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up intervertebral space heights were 10.55±1.96, 13.53±1.37, and 12.54±1.42 mm respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=42.190, P<0.001). And the lumbar lordosis angles were 35.81°±10.80°, 35.69°±11.07°, and 36.08°±11.29° respectively, with no statistically significant differences ( P>0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, bone fusion was achieved in 25 cases, with a fusion rate of 96% (25/26). Conclusion:RPE-P/TLIF for lumbar spinal stenosis combined with lumbar instability were favorable. Being a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical option, it effectively enhanced the intervertebral space height in the surgical segment with fewer complications.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological changes of early gastric cancer, especially its background mucosa, after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and to investigate the causes of underdiagnosis in preoperative biopsy pathology. Methods: Ninety cases of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication and 120 cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens without H. pylori eradication and their corresponding biopsy specimens were collected from Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University during 2016-2021. The clinicopathological data of the patients were analyzed, and the histopathological characteristics and immunophenotypic results compared. Results: Compared with the early gastric cancer without H. pylori eradication history, the histopathological type of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication was differentiated adenocarcinoma, with staggered distribution of cancerous and non-cancerous epithelium in the tumor area. The morphologic characteristics of gastric mucosa in the background of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication, were distinctive, including widening of the opening of enterosylated glandular ducts, serrated change of luminal margin, eosinophilic and microvesicular cytoplasm of enterosylated epithelium. Low-grade atypia existed in gastric cancer epithelial cells after sterilization, which might lead to underdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in biopsy pathology. Conclusions: Early gastric cancer and its background mucosa after H. pylori eradication have unique morphological characteristics, which can be used as a clue for pathological diagnosis, improve the accuracy of biopsy pathology and reduce the underdiagnosis.
Humans ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology* ; Biopsy