Decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE)are widely used brominated flame retardants,which have been detected in the atmosphere,water,soil,and various organisms.In this study,a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(HPLC-ICP-MS)was developed for determination of BDE-209 and DBDPE in sediment.Firstly,the target compounds in the sediments were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),and the extraction solvent was hexane/dichloromethane(1∶1,V/V).The extract was concentrated by rotary evaporation and purified by a composite silica gel column(6 g neutral silica gel,8 g acidic silica gel,and 4 g anhydrous sodium sulfate),concentrated by nitrogen blowing,and then re-dissolved with 1 mL of toluene for instrumental determination.The chromatographic separation was carried out on a TC-C18(2)column(250 mm×4.6 mm)with isocratic elution using methanol-isopropanol-water(89∶6∶5,V/V)as the mobile phase,and the samples were separated within 20 min.Further,the Br element was quantified by ICP-MS to realize the detection of the target.The results showed that the method established in this study exhibited good linearity(R2>0.999)in the range of 100-10000 ng/mL,and the limits of quantification(LOQs)of the method were 2.0 ng/g for BDE-209 and 10.0 ng/g for DBDPE,with the relative standard deviations(RSDs,n=3)lower than 10%,and the recoveries were in the acceptable range(80.9%-120.7%).The matrix effect was effectively controlled within 10%.In addition,by analyzing the actual sediment samples from Guangxi,a background point,and Taizhou,Zhejiang,a typical contaminated area,it was found that neither BDE-209 nor DBDPE was detected in the sediment from Guangxi,while the concentrations of BDE-209 and DBDPE in the sediment from Zhejiang ranged from 1591.8 to 3362.9 ng/g,which further demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the method for analyzing actual environmental samples.This study provided a strong technical support for the accurate detection of POPs in the environment.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by impaired motility of cilia and flagella. Mutations in cilia- and flagella-associated protein 300 ( CFAP300 ) are associated with human PCD and male infertility; however, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In a consanguineous Chinese family, we identified a homozygous CFAP300 loss-of-function variant (c.304delC) in a proband presenting with classical PCD symptoms and severe sperm abnormalities, including dynein arm deficiency and acrosomal malformation, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histological analysis revealed multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in CFAP300 -mutant individual, whereas immunofluorescence demonstrated markedly reduced CFAP300 expression in the spermatozoa of the proband. Furthermore, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics showed that the CFAP300 mutation reduced key spermatogenesis proteins (e.g., sperm flagellar 2 [SPEF2], solute carrier family 25 member 31 [SLC25A31], and A-kinase anchoring protein 3 [AKAP3]) and mitochondrial ATP synthesis factors (e.g., SLC25A31, cation channel sperm-associated 3 [CATSPER3]). It also triggered abnormal increases in autophagy-related proteins and signaling mediator phosphorylation. These molecular alterations are likely to contribute to progressive deterioration of sperm ultrastructure and function. Notably, successful pregnancy was achieved via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using the proband's sperm. Overall, this study expands the known CFAP300 mutational spectrum and offers novel mechanistic insights into its role in spermatogenesis.
Humans ; Male ; Infertility, Male/pathology* ; Acrosome/pathology* ; Sperm Tail/pathology* ; Pedigree ; Spermatozoa ; Adult ; Loss of Function Mutation ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/genetics* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Female

Objective:To investigate the effects of combination therapy with aqueous extract of corn silk(CS)and training on exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism in mice with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:In this study,db/db mice were used as the animal model of MS.The mice were administered aqueous extract of CS via gavage and subjected to different intensities of training for 12 weeks(3 months).The specific experimental design was as follows:24 db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups on average:negative control group(NC),aqueous extract of CS group(CS),aqueous extract of CS+moderate-intensity training group(CS+MT),and CS aqueous extract of CS+high-intensity training group(CS+HT).The maximum running speed,forelimb grip strength,body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured before and after treatment.After the intervention,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT)were conducted to assess glucose metabolism,while serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured to evaluate lipid metabolism.Results:After 3 months of intervention,there were significant differences in the maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength among the four groups(P＜0.05).The maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength of CS group,CS+MT group and CS+HT group were higher than those of NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group exhibited higher forelimb grip strength,and the CS+HT group showed higher maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength compared to the CS group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).Significant differences in body weight were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Specifically,the CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited significantly lower body weight compared to both the NC and CS groups(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group having the lowest body weight(P＜0.05).Fasting blood glucose levels also differed significantly among the groups after 2 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).The CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the NC group(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT and CS+HT groups showing the lowest levels(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).After 3 months of intervention,significant differences in the area under the curve(AUC)of OGTT and ITT were observed among the four groups(P＜0.05).The AUC of OGTT and ITT were significantly lower in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited the lowest AUC values for both OGTT and ITT(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group showing the lowest AUC for OGTT(P＜0.05).Significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).TG,TC,and LDL-C levels were significantly lower,while HDL-C levels were higher in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group had the lowest TG levels and the highest HDL-C levels compared to the CS+HT group(P＜0.05),with no significant differences in TC and LDL-C levels between these two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Aqueous extract of CS combined with different intensity training can significantly improve the exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism of MS mice and reduce body weight,especially CS combined with MT treatment is more effective in improving lipid metabolism.In addition,when combined with HT,aqueous extract of CS can also play an auxiliary role in reducing the side effects of high-intensity exercise and improving the therapeutic effect.

Objective:To investigate the effects of combination therapy with aqueous extract of corn silk(CS)and training on exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism in mice with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:In this study,db/db mice were used as the animal model of MS.The mice were administered aqueous extract of CS via gavage and subjected to different intensities of training for 12 weeks(3 months).The specific experimental design was as follows:24 db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups on average:negative control group(NC),aqueous extract of CS group(CS),aqueous extract of CS+moderate-intensity training group(CS+MT),and CS aqueous extract of CS+high-intensity training group(CS+HT).The maximum running speed,forelimb grip strength,body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured before and after treatment.After the intervention,oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT)were conducted to assess glucose metabolism,while serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were measured to evaluate lipid metabolism.Results:After 3 months of intervention,there were significant differences in the maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength among the four groups(P＜0.05).The maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength of CS group,CS+MT group and CS+HT group were higher than those of NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group exhibited higher forelimb grip strength,and the CS+HT group showed higher maximum running speed and forelimb grip strength compared to the CS group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).Significant differences in body weight were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Specifically,the CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited significantly lower body weight compared to both the NC and CS groups(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group having the lowest body weight(P＜0.05).Fasting blood glucose levels also differed significantly among the groups after 2 and 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).The CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the NC group(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT and CS+HT groups showing the lowest levels(P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the CS+MT and CS+HT groups(P＞0.05).After 3 months of intervention,significant differences in the area under the curve(AUC)of OGTT and ITT were observed among the four groups(P＜0.05).The AUC of OGTT and ITT were significantly lower in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT and CS+HT groups exhibited the lowest AUC values for both OGTT and ITT(P＜0.05),with the CS+MT group showing the lowest AUC for OGTT(P＜0.05).Significant differences in serum lipid levels were observed among the four groups after 3 months of intervention(P＜0.05).TG,TC,and LDL-C levels were significantly lower,while HDL-C levels were higher in the CS,CS+MT,and CS+HT groups compared to the NC group(P＜0.05).The CS+MT group had the lowest TG levels and the highest HDL-C levels compared to the CS+HT group(P＜0.05),with no significant differences in TC and LDL-C levels between these two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Aqueous extract of CS combined with different intensity training can significantly improve the exercise capacity and glycolipid metabolism of MS mice and reduce body weight,especially CS combined with MT treatment is more effective in improving lipid metabolism.In addition,when combined with HT,aqueous extract of CS can also play an auxiliary role in reducing the side effects of high-intensity exercise and improving the therapeutic effect.

Objective Explore a non-contact physiological and psychological detection model based on facial video in simulations of weightlessness effects,research new methods for non-contact heart rate and negative mood state detection in long-term simulations of weightlessness effect analysis.Methods Construct a non-contact physiological and psychological data collection system for fusion analysis of visible light and thermal infrared videos.Collect physiological and psychological data of volunteers in the"Earth Star-Ⅱ"90-day head-down bed rest experiment.A non-contact heart rate detection model based on GCN facial multi-region feature fusion and a non-contact negative mood state detection model considering data reliability were constructed,and the effectiveness of the models were validated with finger clip heart rate and POMS-SF scale as labels.Results The experimental results show that the average difference in the Bland-Altman plot of the non-contact heart rate detection model is-1.26 bpm,and 96.3%of value error detection data falls within the 95%confidence interval,indicating a high consistency between the model detected heart rate and the finger clip heart rate.The non-contact negative mood state detection model achieves an accuracy of>0.85 for detecting tension,depression,anger,and fatigue.Features such as heart rate,AU06,eye gaze,and head pose were observed to be important to mood state detection.Conclusion Non-contact physiological and psychological detection methods not only can be utilized for long-term physiological analysis in simulations of weightlessness effects,but also provide a novel technical approach for on-orbit astronauts health assurance during long-term space flight in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of nobiletin on platelet-activating factor(PAF)metabolism in diabetic rats with renal injury.Methods Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10)and modeling group(n=62).The modeling group rats were induced to develop a diabetic rat model with renal injury and then further divided into the model group,aspirin group(20 mg/kg),and nobiletin low(50 mg/kg),medium(100 mg/kg),and high-dose(200 mg/kg)groups,each with 10 rats.After continuous oral administration for 6 weeks,rat body weight,kidney weight,and kidney index were measured.Histopathological assessments were conducted by using HE,periodic acid-Schiff staining(PAS),Masson staining,and transmission electron microscopy.Blood glucose levels,renal function,inflammatory factors,PAF and its regulatory factors were detected.Expression levels of PAF metabolism-related proteins,PAF-acetylhydrolase(PAFAH),PAF receptor(PAFR),and cholinephosphotransferase 1(CHPT1)in kidney tissues were assessed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Following nobiletin intervention,rat body weight increased while kidney weight and kidney index decreased.Improvement in renal tissue pathology was observed,with reduced interstitial fibrosis and thinner basement membrane.Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin decreased,while fasting insulin showed no significant improvement.Urea nitrogen,blood creatinine,cystatin C,and 24-hour urinary protein excretion were reduced.Levels of interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were lowered.PAF and its regulatory factors decreased.PAFR and CHPT1 expression decreased,while PAFAH increased.Conclusion Nobiletin can alleviate renal injury in diabetic rats with renal injury,improve kidney function,regulate blood glucose,and mitigate inflammatory response.Its mechanism may be associated with the modulation of platelet-activating factor metabolism.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tension-type headache(TTH)in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally in 1990-2021,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of TTH.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study data,the age-standardized prevalence distribution of TTH and its changing trend were analyzed among the children and adolescents aged 0-19 years,with different sexes,age groups,sociodemographic index(SDI)regions and countries/territories.Results The age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 globally in 2021 was 17 339.89/100 000,which was increased by 1.73%since 1990.The ASPR in females was slightly higher than that in males(1990:17 707.65/100 000 vs 16 403.78/100 000;2021:17 946.29/100 000 vs 16 763.09/100 000).The ASPR in adolescence was significantly higher than that in school-aged and preschool periods(1990:27 672.04/100 000 vs 10 134.16/100 000;2021:28 239.04/100 000 vs 10 059.39/100 000).Regions with high SDI exhibited a higher ASPR than the other regions,with significant differences in prevalence rates across different countries.From 1990 to 2021,there was a slight increase in global ASPR,with an average annual percentage change(AAPC)of 0.06%.Females experienced a smaller increase than males based on AAPC(0.04%vs 0.07%).There was reduction in ASPR in preschool and school-aged groups,with an AAPC of-0.02%,while there was a significant increase in ASPR in adolescence,with an AAPC of 0.07%.ASPR decreased in regions with low-middle and low levels of SDI,with an AAPC of-0.02%and-0.04%,respectively,while it increased in regions with middle SDI,with an AAPC of 0.24%.Conclusions There is a consistent increase in the ASPR of TTH in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years globally,with significant differences across sexes,age groups,SDI regions and countries/territories.

Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of serum HBeAg loss in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and and provide evidence for effective treatment of CHB. Methods A follow-up cohort of HBeAg-positive CHB patients was established in the the Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic of hospital. Regular follow-up and laboratory test indicators were collected to analyze the changes of serum HBeAg in HBeAg-positive CHB patients during the follow-up period. The subjects were divided into the case group (serum HBeAg loss) and the control group (serum HBeAg not loss) according to whether serum HBeAg loss occurred. The baseline data characteristics of the two groups were analyzed and compared, and the influencing factors of serum HBeAg loss were analyzed by Cox univariate and multivariate regression. Results A total of 634 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled, with a total follow-up of 2 570.01 person-years. Among them, 237 cases of serum HBeAg loss occurred, with the mean follow-up time of 40.92 months, and the rate of HBeAg loss was 9.22/100 person-years. There were significant differences in HBV family history, antiviral therapy, baseline WBC, PLT, ALT, AST, T˗Bil, GGT, AFP, quantitative HBsAg and quantitative HBeAg between serum HBeAg loss group and serum HBeAg not loss group (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that family history of HBV (HR 0.68, 95％CI:0.50-0.92, P=0.012), ALT (HR2.06, 95％CI:1.52-2.79, P<0.001), quantitative HBsAg (HR 0.68, 95％CI:0.48-0.95, P=0.024), quantitative HBeAg (HR 0.48, 95％CI:0.31-0.74, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors for HBeAg loss in HBeAg-positive CHB patients. Conclusions HBeAg-positive CHB patients without family history of HBV, initial ALT≥80 U/L, quantitative HBsAg<1 000 IU/ml, quantitative HBeAg<1 000 C.O.I are more likely to have serum HBeAg loss.

Root rot severely restricts the sustainable development of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) industry. Resistance breeding is an economical and environmentally safe way to manage the disease and its key lies in the obtaining of resistance indicators. This study aimed to quickly and accurately screen the resistance-related (RR) metabolites so as to provide reference for the screening of indicators of AMM breeding for resistance. LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics and real-time quantitative PCR technology were employed, in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, in analyzing the dynamic changes of phenylpropanoid metabolites in AMM in response to root rot pathogen Fusarium solani (FS) infection and identifying the differential metabolites. The LC-MS method established showed high sensitivity; each metabolite had a good linear relationship (R² ≥ 0.968 9) in the corresponding linear range of the respective standard curve; the recoveries and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 6) ranged from 70% to 107% and from 1.2% to 9.9%, respectively. Obvious disturbances were observed in the changes of the targeted metabolites in AMM infected by FS. These metabolites, compared with the mock-inoculated (CK) group, showed different up or down regulation with time series. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin were identified as differential metabolites, and they all belong to flavonoids. The first three compounds were significantly negatively correlated (r ≤ -0.97, P < 0.05) with the content of FS in the root of AMM. As potential RR metabolites, they are helpful in obtaining promising resistance indicators for AMM against FS infection.

Humans ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Leukocytes ; Telomere/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide