AIM To optimize the extraction process for total polyphenols from Conioselinum vaginatu(Spreng.)Thell.,make component analysis,and evaluate their anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.METHODS The effects of ultrasound,enzymatic hydrolysis,acid hydrolysis,alcohol extraction and hydrolysis processes on the extraction quantity of total polyphenols were investigated,respectively.With extraction temperature,extraction time,ethanol concetration and liquid-solid ratio as influencing factors,extraction quantity of total polyphenols as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by response surface method.HPLC was adopted in the identification of polyphenolic composition and determination of their contents.Subsequently,total polyphenols' scavenging capacities on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals,total reducing power and inhibitory capacity on α-glucosidase were determined.RESULTS The highest extraction quantity of total polyphenols was observable when extraction process was employed.The optimal conditions were determined to be 62 ℃ for extraction temperature,54 min for extraction time,69％for ethanol concentration,and 50∶1 for liquid-solid ratio,the extraction quantity of total polyphenols was(9.51±0.2)mg GAE/g.Seven constituents existed in C.vaginatu,among which ferulic acid demonstrated the highest content,followed by that of myricetin,while D-tryptophan content was the lowest.At the concentration of 7.61 mg/L,total polyphenols displayed the scavenging rates on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals of 80.70％,85.97％,28.60％,total reducing power of 0.22,and inhibition rate on α-glucosidase of 77.23％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction of total polyphenols from C.vaginatum with strong anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.

PURPOSE: The rate of complications among patients undergoing surgery has increased due to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other variants of concern. However, Omicron has shown decreased pathogenicity, raising questions about the risk of postoperative complications among patients who are infected with this variant. This study aimed to investigate complications and related factors among patients with recent Omicron infection prior to undergoing orthopedic surgery. METHODS: A historical control study was conducted. Data were collected from all patients who underwent surgery during 2 distinct periods: (1) between Dec 12, 2022 and Jan 31, 2023 (COVID-19 positive group), (2) between Dec 12, 2021 and Jan 31, 2022 (COVID-19 negative control group). The patients were at least 18 years old. Patients who received conservative treatment after admission or had high-risk diseases or special circumstances (use of anticoagulants before surgery) were excluded from the study. The study outcomes were the total complication rate and related factors. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify related factors, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on complications. RESULTS: In the analysis, a total of 847 patients who underwent surgery were included, with 275 of these patients testing positive for COVID-19 and 572 testing negative. The COVID-19-positive group had a significantly higher rate of total complications (11.27%) than the control group (4.90%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for relevant factors, the OR was 3.08 (95% CI: 1.45-6.53). Patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 at 3-4 weeks (OR = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06-0.59), p = 0.005), 5-6 weeks (OR = 0.16 (95% CI: 0.04-0.59), p = 0.010), or ≥7 weeks (OR = 0.26 (95% CI: 0.06-1.02), p = 0.069) prior to surgery had a lower risk of complications than those who were diagnosed at 0-2 weeks prior to surgery. Seven factors (age, indications for surgery, time of operation, time of COVID-19 diagnosis prior to surgery, C-reactive protein levels, alanine transaminase levels, and aspartate aminotransferase levels) were found to be associated with complications; thus, these factors were used to create a nomogram. CONCLUSION Omicron continues to be a significant factor in the incidence of postoperative complications among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. By identifying the factors associated with these complications, we can determine the optimal surgical timing, provide more accurate prognostic information, and offer appropriate consultation for orthopedic surgery patients who have been infected with Omicron.
Humans ; COVID-19/complications* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Orthopedic Procedures/adverse effects* ; Aged ; Nomograms ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate how spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) exerts its analgesic effects through regulating brain function in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients by utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). METHODS: From September 2021 to September 2023, we enrolled LDH patients (LDH group, n=31) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n=28). LDH group underwent rs-fMRI at 2 distinct time points (TPs): prior to the initiation of SMT (TP1) and subsequent to the completion of the SMT sessions (TP2). SMT was administered once every other day for 30 min per session, totally 14 treatment sessions over a span of 4 weeks. HCs did not receive SMT treatment and underwent only one fMRI scan. Additionally, participants in LDH group completed clinical questionnaires on pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, whereas HCs did not undergo clinical scale assessments. The effects on the brain were jointly characterized using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Correlation analyses were conducted between specific brain regions and clinical scales. RESULTS: Following SMT treatment, pain symptoms in LDH patients were notably alleviated and accompanied by evident activation of effects in the brain. In comparison to TP1, TP2 exhibited the most significant increase in ALFF values for Temporal_Sup_R and the most notable decrease in ALFF values for Paracentral_Lobule_L (voxelwise P<0.005; clusters >30; FDR correction). Additionally, the most substantial enhancement in ReHo values was observed for the Cuneus_R, while the most prominent reduction was noted for the Olfactory_R (voxelwise P<0.005; clusters >30; FDR correction). Moreover, a comparative analysis revealed that, in contrast to HCs, LDH patients at TP1 exhibited the most significant increase in ALFF values for Temporal_Pole_Sup_L and the most notable decrease in ALFF values for Frontal_Mid_L (voxelwise P<0.005; clusters >30; FDR correction). Furthermore, the most significant enhancement in ReHo values was observed for Postcentral_L, while the most prominent reduction was identified for ParaHippocampal_L (voxelwise P<0.005; clusters >30; FDR correction). Notably, correlation analysis with clinical scales revealed a robust positive correlation between the Cuneus_R score and the rate of change in the VAS score (r=0.9333, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Long-term chronic lower back pain in patients with LDH manifests significant activation of the "AUN-DMN-S1-SAN" neural circuitry. The visual network, represented by the Cuneus_R, is highly likely to be a key brain network in which the analgesic efficacy of SMT becomes effective in treating LDH patients. (Trial registration No. NCT06277739).
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Manipulation, Spinal/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology* ; Pain Management ; Rest ; Case-Control Studies

A second-order calibration method combined with excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy was presented for simultaneous quantitative analysis of two anti-hypertensive drugs,metolazone(MET)and valsartan(VAL),in human serum and urine,and the quantitative results were compared with the results obtained by zero-and first-order calibration methods.The results indicated that the methods based on zero-and first-order calibration were inadequate for accurately quantifying the components of interest in cases where severe spectral overlap and unknown interferences coexisted.However,it was possible to obtain satisfactory results with the second-order calibration method based on alternating normalization-weighted error(ANWE)algorithm because of its strong"mathematical separation",even when the fluorescence spectra of the target analytes and unknown interferents considerably overlapped.Correlation coefficients for both analytes were greater than 0.99,with mean recoveries of 104.9%±5.7%and 107.8%±9.2%for MET and VAL in human serum,and 103.7%±8.9%and 94.7%±3.8%in human urine,respectively.In addition,the sensitivity,selectivity,limit of detection,limit of quantification,repeatability,and reproducibility of the proposed second-order calibration method were thoroughly examined.All results indicated that the established method was capable of achieving simultaneous and accurate quantification of MET and VAL in human body fluids,which was expected to be applied to analysis of both drugs in clinical settings.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 80%-85% of all lung cancer cases. Despite the clinical benefits of traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, challenges such as the high rate of postoperative recurrence and resistance of some patients to chemotherapy and targeted therapies limit their effectiveness, necessitating the exploration of more effective treatment options. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), has revolutionized NSCLC treatment and significantly improved the survival prognosis of some patients. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is limited by tumor immune escape, drug resistance, and immune-related adverse events(irAEs), which have not been effectively addressed. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), as a traditional therapeutic approach, has shown unique advantages in NSCLC treatment, with studies indicating its ability to enhance immune responses, regulate immune checkpoints, and improve the tumor microenvironment(TME), thus boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Additionally, the multi-target and multi-pathway effects of TCM help mitigate the side effects of immunotherapy, further improving efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the latest research progress of TCM in NSCLC immunotherapy, focusing on the research results of TCM in enhancing the effect of immunotherapy by regulating immune cells, optimizing the immune microenvironment, and being applied with ICIs, etc. The latest research progress of TCM in alleviating irAEs is also elucidated. The aim is to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC and the research and development of new drugs and promote the optimization and development of combined immunotherapy and TCM treatment models.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Animals ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects*

Objective To study the expression characteristics of osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK)system and the relationship with fibrosis in myocardial tissues of rats with chronic heart failure.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(12 rats)and model group.In sham-operation group,surgical thread was passed through the abdominal aorta without constricting it after laparotomy;in model group,establish the heart failure model by abdominal aorta coarctation.The successful model rats were randomly divided into model 1 week(12 rats),model 2 weeks(11 rats),model 4 weeks(11 rats),model 8 weeks(11 rats)and model 12 weeks groups(11 rats).The end point of the study is at week 12.The contents of hydroxyproline(HYP),total myocardial collagen and collagen volume fraction(CVF)were compaired in all proups.The expression levels of OPG,RANKL and RANK proteins in cardiomyocytes were determined by Western blot.Results The contents of HYP in sham-operation,model 1 week,model 2 weeks,model 4 weeks,model 8 weeks and model 12 weeks group were(0.25±0.04),(0.37±0.05),(0.45±0.04),(0.60±0.05),(0.82±0.10)and(1.03±0.07)μg·mg-1;the total myocardial collagen contents were(1.87±0.31),(2.73±0.38),(3.36±0.31),(4.47±0.37),(6.08±0.74)and(7.67±0.49)μg·mg-1;the CVF were(1.95±0.23)％,(2.40±0.25)％,(3.65±0.25)％,(5.43±0.29)％,(6.97±0.36)％and(9.38±0.49)％;the relative expression levels of OPG protein were 0.64±0.07,0.80±0.07,1.02±0.07,1.32±0.11,2.13±0.12 and 2.84±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANKL protein were 0.71±0.08,1.06±0.07,1.53±0.07,2.62±0.12,4.46±0.14 and 6.11±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANK protein were 0.30±0.05,0.45±0.05,0.63±0.06,0.98±0.07,1.43±0.10 and 1.63±0.10.With the extention of time,the above indexs of all model groups were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group(all P＜0.05).There were positive linear correlation between the relative expression levels of OPG,RANKL,RANK protein and the levels of CVF and total contents in cardiomyocytes of rats with chronic heart failure(allP＜0.01).Conclusions In the process of chronic heart failure,the expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK axis is obviously enhanced,in which the up-regulation of RANKL level is most obvious.The expression level of OPG/RANKL/RANK is positively correlated with CVF and total myocardial collagen content.

Objective To study the expression characteristics of osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANK)system and the relationship with fibrosis in myocardial tissues of rats with chronic heart failure.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(12 rats)and model group.In sham-operation group,surgical thread was passed through the abdominal aorta without constricting it after laparotomy;in model group,establish the heart failure model by abdominal aorta coarctation.The successful model rats were randomly divided into model 1 week(12 rats),model 2 weeks(11 rats),model 4 weeks(11 rats),model 8 weeks(11 rats)and model 12 weeks groups(11 rats).The end point of the study is at week 12.The contents of hydroxyproline(HYP),total myocardial collagen and collagen volume fraction(CVF)were compaired in all proups.The expression levels of OPG,RANKL and RANK proteins in cardiomyocytes were determined by Western blot.Results The contents of HYP in sham-operation,model 1 week,model 2 weeks,model 4 weeks,model 8 weeks and model 12 weeks group were(0.25±0.04),(0.37±0.05),(0.45±0.04),(0.60±0.05),(0.82±0.10)and(1.03±0.07)μg·mg-1;the total myocardial collagen contents were(1.87±0.31),(2.73±0.38),(3.36±0.31),(4.47±0.37),(6.08±0.74)and(7.67±0.49)μg·mg-1;the CVF were(1.95±0.23)％,(2.40±0.25)％,(3.65±0.25)％,(5.43±0.29)％,(6.97±0.36)％and(9.38±0.49)％;the relative expression levels of OPG protein were 0.64±0.07,0.80±0.07,1.02±0.07,1.32±0.11,2.13±0.12 and 2.84±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANKL protein were 0.71±0.08,1.06±0.07,1.53±0.07,2.62±0.12,4.46±0.14 and 6.11±0.16;the relative expression levels of RANK protein were 0.30±0.05,0.45±0.05,0.63±0.06,0.98±0.07,1.43±0.10 and 1.63±0.10.With the extention of time,the above indexs of all model groups were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group(all P＜0.05).There were positive linear correlation between the relative expression levels of OPG,RANKL,RANK protein and the levels of CVF and total contents in cardiomyocytes of rats with chronic heart failure(allP＜0.01).Conclusions In the process of chronic heart failure,the expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK axis is obviously enhanced,in which the up-regulation of RANKL level is most obvious.The expression level of OPG/RANKL/RANK is positively correlated with CVF and total myocardial collagen content.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for total polyphenols from Conioselinum vaginatu(Spreng.)Thell.,make component analysis,and evaluate their anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.METHODS The effects of ultrasound,enzymatic hydrolysis,acid hydrolysis,alcohol extraction and hydrolysis processes on the extraction quantity of total polyphenols were investigated,respectively.With extraction temperature,extraction time,ethanol concetration and liquid-solid ratio as influencing factors,extraction quantity of total polyphenols as an evaluation index,the extraction process was optimized by response surface method.HPLC was adopted in the identification of polyphenolic composition and determination of their contents.Subsequently,total polyphenols' scavenging capacities on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals,total reducing power and inhibitory capacity on α-glucosidase were determined.RESULTS The highest extraction quantity of total polyphenols was observable when extraction process was employed.The optimal conditions were determined to be 62 ℃ for extraction temperature,54 min for extraction time,69％for ethanol concentration,and 50∶1 for liquid-solid ratio,the extraction quantity of total polyphenols was(9.51±0.2)mg GAE/g.Seven constituents existed in C.vaginatu,among which ferulic acid demonstrated the highest content,followed by that of myricetin,while D-tryptophan content was the lowest.At the concentration of 7.61 mg/L,total polyphenols displayed the scavenging rates on DPPH,ABTS,OH free radicals of 80.70％,85.97％,28.60％,total reducing power of 0.22,and inhibition rate on α-glucosidase of 77.23％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction of total polyphenols from C.vaginatum with strong anti-oxidant,hypoglycemic activities.

Objective·To investigate the effect of ceria nanoparticles-polyethylene glycol(CeNP-PEG)on scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS)and alleviating disease activity in dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mice.Methods·CeNP was synthesized with the hydrates of cerium acetate,oleamine,and xylene,which was modified with polyethylene glycol-stearyl phosphatidylethanolamine(mPEG-DPSE)to obtain CeNP-PEG.Then CeNP-PEG was purified.The particle size and zeta potential of CeNP-PEG were measured by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and dynamic light scattering(DLS).Mouse macrophages(Raw264.7)were cultured in vitro and induced to a pro-inflammatory phenotype(M1 phenotype).M1 macrophages were treated with 0.5 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL CeNP-PEG,respectively,and then Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of the proteins related with nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.DSS-induced colitis mice models were constructed,and CeNP-PEG(1.0 mg/mL)was intravenously administrated for 3 times via tail vein during the modeling period.Meanwhile,the body weight,fecal characteristics,and frequency of rectal bleeding in mice were monitored in the normal control group(Normal group),the model group(DSS group),and the CeNP-PEG treatment group.The disease activity index(DAI)was calculated to evaluate the intestinal inflammation.The level of ROS in mouse intestinal tissues was detected by dihydroethidine(DHE)staining and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ(Ifn-γ),interleukin-6(Il-6),Il-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(Tnf-α)were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).Results·The hydrated particle size of synthesized CeNP-PEG was(6.96±0.27)nm,and the average zeta potential was(-6.02±1.31)mV.Western blotting results showed that the expression of p-P65 increased in the pro-inflammatory macrophages compared with the control group.The expression of NF-κB inhibitor-α(IκB-α)decreased,and their expressions tended to recover after the intervention of different concentrations of CeNP-PEG.In the DSS-induced colitis models,mice in the CeNP-PEG treatment group lost less weight than those in the DSS group(P= 0.000)and had lower DAI scores(P=0.000).The RT-qPCR results of intestinal tissues showed that the mRNA levels of Ifn-γ,Il-1β,Il-6 and Tnf-α in the DSS group were significantly up-regulated compared with those in the Normal group(P=0.000),and all of them significantly decreased in the CeNP-PEG treatment group.The results of DHE staining showed that the fluorescence intensity of intestinal tissues in the DSS group was significantly enhanced than that in the Normal group,and the fluorescence intensity decreased in the CeNP-PEG treatment group.Conclusion·CeNP-PEG can inhibit the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors and the activation of NF-κB-related inflammatory pathway of pro-inflammatory macrophages,eliminate intestinal ROS,improve the intestinal inflammatory microenvironment,and alleviate the disease activity of DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Purpose::This study evaluated the methods and clinical effects of multidisciplinary collaborative treatment for occlusal reconstruction in patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects.Methods::Patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects who underwent occlusal reconstruction at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical treatment was classified into 3 phases. In phase I, techniques such as orthognathic surgery, microsurgery, and distraction osteogenesis were employed to reconstruct the correct 3-dimensional (3D) jaw position relationship. In phase II, bone augmentation and soft tissue management techniques were utilized to address insufficient alveolar bone mass and poor gingival soft tissue conditions. In phase III, implant-supported overdentures or fixed dentures were used for occlusal reconstruction. A summary of treatment methods, clinical efficacy evaluation, comparative analysis of imageological examinations, and satisfaction questionnaire survey were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in patients with traumatic old jaw fractures and dentition defects. All data are summarized using the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation and compared using independent sample t-tests. Results::In 15 patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects (an average age of 32 years, ranging from 18 to 53 years), there were 7 cases of malocclusion of single maxillary fracture, 6 of malocclusion of single mandible fracture, and 2 of malocclusion of both maxillary and mandible fractures. There were 5 patients with single maxillary dentition defects, 2 with single mandibular dentition defects, and 8 with both maxillary and mandibular dentition defects. To reconstruct the correct 3D jaw positional relationship, 5 patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla, 3 underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, 4 underwent open reduction and internal fixation for old jaw fractures, 3 underwent temporomandibular joint surgery, and 4 underwent distraction osteogenesis. All patients underwent jawbone augmentation, of whom 4 patients underwent a free composite vascularized bone flap (26.66%) and the remaining patients underwent local alveolar bone augmentation. Free gingival graft and connective tissue graft were the main methods for soft tissue augmentation (73.33%). The 15 patients received 81 implants, of whom 11 patients received implant-supported fixed dentures and 4 received implant-supported removable dentures. The survival rate of all implants was 93.82%. The final imageological examination of 15 patients confirmed that the malocclusion was corrected, and the clinical treatment ultimately achieved occlusal function reconstruction. The patient satisfaction questionnaire survey showed that they were satisfied with the efficacy, phonetics, aesthetics, and comfort after treatment.Conclusion::Occlusal reconstruction of old jaw fractures and dentition defects requires a phased sequential comprehensive treatment, consisting of 3D spatial jaw correction, alveolar bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation, and implant-supported occlusal reconstruction, achieving satisfactory clinical therapeutic efficacy.