In this study, RAW264.7 cells were employed to investigate the effects of honey-processed Astragalus on their energy metabolism and polarization, and explore the scientific connotation of the enhanced efficacy of honey-processed Astragalus on invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi. The medicated sera were prepared by intragastric administration of rats with water extracts of crude and honey-processed Astragalus, and the composition changes of medicated sera of crude and honey-processed Astragalus were analyzed by using LC-MS technology. The cell survival rates were detected and the concentrations of medicated sera were screened through CCK-8 assay. The differences of cell phagocytic rates, ATP energy metabolism, and NO secretion between crude and honey-processed Astragalus were evaluated by using neutral red phagocytosis assay, ATP detection kit, and NO detection kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on TNF-α secretion of RAW264.7 cells were detected by employing ELISA kit. The effects of crude and honey-processed Astragalus on polarization of RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by utilizing flow cytometry. The differential metabolites related to glycolysis in cell lysates and culture media were screened by using LC-MS technology. The experiment was approved by the experimental animal ethics committee from Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine (No. AWE202407352). The results showed that the contents of betaine, amino acids, and ononin in the prepared medicated sera of rats treated by intragastric administration with water extracts of honey-processed Astragalus increased compared to those in crude one. The results of CCK-8 experiment showed that there were no cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells in the medicated sera of crude and honey-processd Astragalus at different concentration. The phagocytic index and ATP yield both increased to varying degrees after administration of the medicated sera to cells. The secretion of NO in normal and inflammatory cells increased and decreased respectively, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. The results of ELISA kit showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner, and the promoting effect of honey-processed Astragalus was stronger than that of crude one. The results of flow cytometry showed that the medicated sera of both crude and honey-processed Astragalus could promote M1-type polarization and inhibit M2-type polarization of RAW264.7 cells, and the effect of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. Compared to crude Astragalus, the metabolites related to glycolysis in the cell lysates and culture media of the medicated sera of honey-processed Astragalus were generally on the rise, indicating that the effect on promoting glycolysis of honey-processed Astragalus was better than that of crude one. In summary, honey-processed Astragalus can promote the polarization and energy metabolism of RAW264.7 cells, and participate in positive immune regulation, which is correlated with its enhanced effect of invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi.

Aim To explore the effects of Lycium berry seed oil on Nrf2/ARE pathway and oxidative damage in testis of subacute aging rats. Methods Fifty out of 60 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were subcutaneously injected with 125 mg • kg"D-galactosidase in the neck for 8 weeks to establish a subacute senescent rat model. The presence of senescent cells was observed using P-galactosidase ((3-gal), while testicular morphology was examined using HE staining. Serum levels of testosterone (testosterone, T), follicle-stimulating hormone ( follicle stimulating hormone, FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( luteinizing hormone, LH ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD ) , glutathione ( glutathione, GSH) and malondialdehyde ( malondial-dehyde, MDA) were measured through ELISA, and the expressions of factors related to aging, oxidative damage, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway were assessed via immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting. Results After successfully identifying the model, the morphology of the testis was improved and the intervention of Lycium seed oil led to a down-regulation in the expression of [3-gal and -yH2AX. The serum levels of SOD, GSH, T, and FSH increased while MDA and LH decreased (P 0. 05) . Additionally, there was an up-regulated expression of Nrf2, GCLC, NQOl, and SOD2 proteins in testicular tissue ( P 0. 05 ) and nuclear expression of Nrf2 in sertoli cells. Conclusion Lycium barbarum seed oil may reduce oxidative damage in testes of subacute senescent rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between blood stasis constitution （BSC） and diseases based on constitution literature involving “constitution-diseases correlation”. MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on six Chinese and English electronic databases including CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed and Embase to find all clinical researches on the correlation between constitution and diseases using the Classification and Identification of Chinese Medicine Constitution standard from April 1st， 2009 to December 31st， 2022， and the participants of the research were BSC related. By analyzing the characteristics of the literature， such as authors， publication institutes， participants， and results， the disease with the highest proportion of BSC distribution or BSC as their risk factors or protective factors were summarized to explore the correlation between BSC and diseases. ResultsTotally 135 clinical studies on diseases highly related to BSC were included， with a total sample size of 71 172 cases.There were 27 keywords in the articles appeared more than 3 times， including the elderly， lumbar disc herniation， coronary heart disease， cardiovascular disease， and endometriosis. In the author's clustering， included studis were mainly from Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine， and Wenzhou Central Hospital. In terms of blood stasis related diseases， 81 studies showed that BSC was the most common type of constitution in the study population， involving 48 disease or morbid states. The diseases and median proportions of BSC with reported literature ≥3 included coronary heart disease （28.8%）， endometriosis （31.3%）， neurocognitive impairment （26.4%）， lumbar disc herniation （26.0%）， ischemic stroke （25.0%）， adenomyosis （34.7%）， and endometrial polyps （25.0%）. Fifty-eight studies found that BSC was a risk factor for disease occurrence，and these diseases reported more than 3 times included hypertension （median OR = 2.956）， type 2 diabetes （median OR = 3.436），osteoporosis （median OR = 5.171）， sudden deafness （median OR = 3.827） and endometriosis （median OR = 5.412）. One study indicated BSC as the protective factor of lateral growth tumor of large intestine （median OR = 0.161）. ConclusionBSC is closely related to circulatory system diseases， urogenital system diseases， and musculoskeletal system diseases.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective formulation approaches to enhance the water solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, maintenance of physical stability of amorphous drug is one of the main challenges in the development of ASD. Crystallization is a process of nucleation and crystal growth. The nucleation is the key factor that influences the physical stability of the ASD. However, a theoretical framework to describe the way to inhibit the nucleation of amorphous drug is not yet available. We reviewed the methods and theories of nucleation for amorphous drug. Meanwhile, we also summarized the research progress on the mechanism of additives influence on nucleation and environmental factors on nucleation. This review aims to enhance the better understanding mechanism of nucleation of amorphous drug and controlling over the crystal nucleation during the ASD formulation development.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Guiyuan Shujin Mixture in the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)and to explore its possible therapeutic mechanism.Methods Sixty-eight patients with LDH of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into trial group and control group,with 34 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Celecoxib Tablets and Mecobalamin Tablets orally,and the trial group was treated with Guiyuan Shujin Mixture on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment lasted for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the two groups were observed in the changes of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score of low back pain and lower limb pain,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,modified Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score,serum levels of inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and serum nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65)level.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)During the trial,one case fell off in the trial group and 3 cases fell off in the control group.Eventually,33 cases in the trial group and 31 cases in the control group were included for the efficacy statistics.(2)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 96.97%(32/33),and that of the control group was 87.10%(27/31).The intergroup comparison(tested by rank sum test)showed that the curative effect of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the VAS score and ODI score of low back pain and lower limb pain in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the modified JOA score was higher than that before treatment(P＜0.01).The decrease of VAS score and ODI score of low back pain and lower limb pain and the increase of modified JOA score in the trial group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of inflammation-related indicators of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and NF-κB p65 in the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(5)During the treatment,the incidence of adverse events in the trial group was 2.94%(1/34)and that in the control group was 8.82%(3/34),and the difference between the two groups was not significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Guiyuan Shujin Mixture exerts certain effect in the treatment of LDH patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.It can effectively relieve the pain symptoms of patients,improve the lumbar function of patients,and reduce the expression levels of serum inflammatory factors and NF-κB p65.The mechanism may be related with the decrease of the level of inflammatory factors and with the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To analyse the clinical efficacy of low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method(also called Ziwu Liuzhu Acupuncture,referring to the needling method based on acupoints selection according to qi and blood movement following heavenly-stems and earthly-branches cycle)in treating low myopia in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 84 cases(168 eyes)of children with low myopia who received treatment at the Outpatient Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2022.The children were divided into two groups according to the different treatment protocols:42 cases(84 eyes)treated with acupuncture combined with conventional optometry as the control group,and 42 cases(84 eyes)treated with low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method combined with conventional optometry as the observation group,and the treatment course of both groups was 24 weeks.The changes of refractive error and axial length before and after treatment were observed,and the clinical efficacy in the two groups of children were evaluated.Results(1)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the refractive error between the two groups of the children(P＜0.05),and the differential value of the refractive error of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,there being statistically significant differences in the axial length of the children in both groups(P＜0.05).The differential value of axial lengths of the children between the two groups before and after treatment was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)The total effective rate of the observation group was 84.52%(71/84),and which of the control group was 63.10%(53/84),the efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The low-frequency of midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture-opening method in treating low myopia in children can effectively postpone the degree of myopia,and decrease the growth of the axis,with exact therapeutic effect.

The participants in this study were 20-49 years old rural childbearing age people who received the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP) in Yunnan Province during 2013 to 2019. The proportion of ABO and RhD blood groups among different ethnic groups and different areas were calculated. The proportion of 2 748 131 participants with blood group A phenotype was highest (32.60%), followed by O (30.60%), B (27.33%) and AB (9.47%). In the RhD blood system, the proportion of the RhD positivity (RhD+) and RhD negativity (RhD-) group were 99.29% and 0.71% respectively. The proportions blood groups were significantly different among ethnic groups and areas (all P<0.001). Among 18 ethnic groups with more than 3 000 participants, Yao (42.75%), Bouyei (40.58%) and Dai (40.37%) ethnic groups had higher proportion of blood group O phenotype than other ethnic groups. Wa ethnic groups had highest proportion of the A (40.15%) and AB phenotypes (11.23%). Miao ethnic group (34.70%) and Lahu ethnic group (34.42%) had higher proportion of blood group B phenotype than other ethnic groups. Wa ethnic group had the highest proportion of RhD-group (1.88%). In all 16 prefectures of Yunnan, the proportion of blood group O phenotype was highest in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (40.27%). Baoshan city (36.39%), Lincang city (36.22%) and Dali Bai autonomous prefecture (36.06%) had higher proportion of blood group A phenotype than other regions. Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (30.83%) and Qujing city (30.48%) had higher proportion of blood group B phenotype than other areas, while Zhaotong city had a highest proportion of blood group AB phenotype (11.19%). The proportion of RhD-group was highest in Honghe hani and Yi nationality autonomous prefecture(1.37%). The A RhD+(39.36%), A RhD-(0.78%), AB RhD+(11.03%), AB RhD-(0.20%) and O RhD-(0.48%) blood groups were higher proportion in Wa ethnic group than in other ethnic groups (P<0.001).
Adult ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Blood Group Antigens ; China ; Ethnicity ; Rural Population

To study the residue and dietary risk of propiconazole in Panax notoginseng and the effects on physiological and bioche-mical properties of P. notoginseng, we conducted foliar spraying of propiconazole on P. notoginseng in pot experiments. The physiolo-gical and biochemical properties studied included leaf damage, osmoregulatory substance content, antioxidant enzyme system, non-enzymatic system, and saponin content in the main root. The results showed that at the same application concentration, the residual amount of propiconazole in each part of P. notoginseng increased with the increase in the times of application and decreased with the extension of harvest interval. After one-time application of propiconazole according to the recommended dose(132 g·hm~(-2)) for P. ginseng, the half-life was 11.37-13.67 days. After 1-2 times of application in P. notoginseng, propiconazole had a low risk of dietary intake and safety threat to the population. The propiconazole treatment at the recommended concentration and above significantly increased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content, relative conductivity, and osmoregulatory substances and caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in P. notoginseng leaves. The propiconazole treatment at half(66 g·hm~(-2)) of the recommended dose for P. ginseng significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in P. notoginseng leaves. The propiconazole treatment at 132 g·hm~(-2) above inhibited the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione S-transferase(GST), thereby reducing glutathione(GSH) content. Proconazole treatment changed the proportion of 5 main saponins in the main root of P. notoginseng. The treatment with 66 g·hm~(-2) propiconazole promoted the accumulation of saponins, while that with 132 g·hm~(-2) and above propiconazole significantly inhibited the accumulation of saponins. In summary, using propiconazole at 132 g·hm~(-2) to prevent and treat P. notoginseng diseases will cause stress on P. notoginseng, while propiconazole treatment at 66 g·hm~(-2) will not cause stress on P. notoginseng but promote the accumulation of saponins. The effect of propiconazole on P. notoginseng diseases remains to be studied.
Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Panax ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Glutathione ; Risk Assessment

Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Melanoma ; Skin Neoplasms ; Paranasal Sinuses

Natural products are an important source for the development of antitumor lead compounds, but the pharmacological effects and regulatory mechanisms of natural products in osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. The natural product ligustroflavone was used as the research object to analyze its efficacy in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle detection. The potential targets of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells were screened by public databases and bioinformatics, molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the interaction between privet and target molecules. Western blot was used to detect the effect of privet on the target molecules and their downstream pathways. Ligustroflavone reduced the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and could arrest the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the potential target of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Ligustroflavone inhibited the activation of CDK6-Rb axis. Together, ligustroflavone could regulate osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells by binding cell cyclin-related molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted drug resistance of NSCLC with natural products, and also provides a new idea for the development of clinical drug combination.