ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity on the physical activity levels, functional states, and quality of life for people with mild and moderate disabilities in community settings, to ascertain the health benefits of their engagement in such fitness sports activities, anchoring in the WHO "Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World" and the guidelines tailored for people with disabilities, using the theoretical framework and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsAligning with the WHO guidelines for people with disabilities and the ICF, a community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program was designed for individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, featuring activities like fitness training (aerobic and resistance exercises), skill exercises (such as balance and coordination), as well as sports and recreational games (ball and games, etc.). A total of 230 people with mild and moderate disabilities were recruited from 20 communities in Shenzhen, with types of disabilities including physical, speech, intellectual, and mental. Professional rehabilitation fitness instructors implemented and supervised the program. The activities were of low to moderate intensity, 30 to 50 minutes per session, five times a month for six months. The community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity progress of these individuals was surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their overall functioning was evaluated with WHODAS 2.0. The health-related quality of life was measured with WHOQOL-BREF. The health benefits from participation in community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity were assessed in terms of functioning, activity involvement, and quality of life. ResultsAfter the fitness activities, participation levels significantly increased in IPAQ domains of work-related, transport-related, domestic and gardening activity, and leisure time (|t| > 3.391, P < 0.001). The scores significantly decreased in the domains of cognition, activity, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation; and overall scores also decreased in WHODAS 2.0 (t > 6.639, P < 0.001). The scores significantly increased in the four dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF (|t| > 7.486, P < 0.001). ConclusionAfter participating in a six-month community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program of mild to moderate intensity, individuals with mild to moderate disabilities have improved in physical activity and engagement levels, and the overall functioning and quality of life.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the P-SAFE (Protection-Soothe, Antithrombotic,Foodstuff,Eudipsia) nursing model based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients with hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression surgery, and provide a protocol for the rapid recovery of patients.Methods:A non-randomized quasi-experimental study was used to conveniently select patients with hemifacial spasm who underwent microvascular decompression in Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2022 to December 2023. Among them, 80 patients treated with the traditional nursing management model from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, while 94 patients treated with the P-SAFE nursing model under the ERAS concept from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence of perioperative hunger and thirst, nausea and vomiting, thrombus, pain, adverse events as well as length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and pre-discharge nursing satisfaction.Results:Among the 80 patients in the control group, there were 19 males and 61 females, with an age of (54.98 ± 7.44) years. Among 94 patients in the experimental group, there were 15 males and 79 females, aged (54.93 ± 8.71) years. The incidences of perioperative hunger, thirst, nausea and vomiting, thrombosis and adverse events in the experimental group were 29.79%(28/94), 29.79%(28/94), 7.45%(7/94), 0 and 0, respectively, all of which were better than those in the control group, which were 45.00%(36/80), 47.50%(38/80), 23.75%(19/80), 8.75%(7/80), and 5.00%(4/80), respectively, pain score in the experimental group was 0(0, 1.25) points, lower than 0(0, 3.00) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 4.30 to 9.04, Z=-2.96, all P<0.05). The hospital stays, hospital costs and nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were 9(7, 10) days, 3.97(3.91, 4.31) ten thousand yuan, and 98.00(92.75, 100.00) points, respectively, compared to the control group′s 11 (10, 12) days, 4.90(4.36, 5.08) ten thousand yuan, and 80.00(79.00, 100.00) points. These differences were also statistically significant ( Z=-7.84, -8.57, -5.79, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The P-SAFE nursing mode for patients with hemifacial spasm undergoing microvascular decompression under the concept of ERAS can reduce their perioperative discomfort, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the prognosis of patients, and help accelerate the recovery of patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the P-SAFE (Protection-Soothe, Antithrombotic,Foodstuff,Eudipsia) nursing model based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients with hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression surgery, and provide a protocol for the rapid recovery of patients.Methods:A non-randomized quasi-experimental study was used to conveniently select patients with hemifacial spasm who underwent microvascular decompression in Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2022 to December 2023. Among them, 80 patients treated with the traditional nursing management model from January to December 2022 were selected as the control group, while 94 patients treated with the P-SAFE nursing model under the ERAS concept from January to December 2023 were selected as the experimental group. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence of perioperative hunger and thirst, nausea and vomiting, thrombus, pain, adverse events as well as length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and pre-discharge nursing satisfaction.Results:Among the 80 patients in the control group, there were 19 males and 61 females, with an age of (54.98 ± 7.44) years. Among 94 patients in the experimental group, there were 15 males and 79 females, aged (54.93 ± 8.71) years. The incidences of perioperative hunger, thirst, nausea and vomiting, thrombosis and adverse events in the experimental group were 29.79%(28/94), 29.79%(28/94), 7.45%(7/94), 0 and 0, respectively, all of which were better than those in the control group, which were 45.00%(36/80), 47.50%(38/80), 23.75%(19/80), 8.75%(7/80), and 5.00%(4/80), respectively, pain score in the experimental group was 0(0, 1.25) points, lower than 0(0, 3.00) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 4.30 to 9.04, Z=-2.96, all P<0.05). The hospital stays, hospital costs and nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were 9(7, 10) days, 3.97(3.91, 4.31) ten thousand yuan, and 98.00(92.75, 100.00) points, respectively, compared to the control group′s 11 (10, 12) days, 4.90(4.36, 5.08) ten thousand yuan, and 80.00(79.00, 100.00) points. These differences were also statistically significant ( Z=-7.84, -8.57, -5.79, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The P-SAFE nursing mode for patients with hemifacial spasm undergoing microvascular decompression under the concept of ERAS can reduce their perioperative discomfort, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the prognosis of patients, and help accelerate the recovery of patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of microevolution on phenotypes and drug resistance of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm. Methods:The standard strain of Trichosporon asahii was obtained from the Fungal Biodiversity Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the fluconazole-sensitive primary strain (TO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from a case of trichosporonosis diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital in 2000, and the fluconazole-resistant evolved strain (TEVO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from the above patient in 2014. Biofilms of the above-mentioned strains were formed in vitro, and tetrazolium salt XTT reduction assay was performed to evaluate growth kinetics of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and laser scanning confocal microscopy to determine the thickness of the biofilm; the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (SMICs) of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against the biofilms at different growth stages were determined in vitro for the evaluation of the resistance of the biofilms. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and Hartley test for testing homogeneity of variance. If the variance was homogeneous, least significant difference test was used for multiple comparisons; if the variance was heterogeneous, Tamhane′ T2 test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:In the adhesion (0 h) and formation stages (4- 24 hours) of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, the metabolic activity of the evolved strain TEVO was the weakest (adhesion stage: F = 35.705, P < 0.001; formation stage: F = 15.042, P < 0.001) . At 48 hours after adhesion, the biofilms matured, and the TO strain showed the weakest metabolic activity ( F = 10.985, P < 0.001) . In the maturation stage, the biofilm thickness of the TEVO strain (26.1 ± 1.18 μm) was significantly higher than that of the TO strain (22.8 ± 1.73 μm, P = 0.001) , but significantly lower than that of the standard strain (29.5 ± 1.28 μm, P = 0.001) . As drug susceptibility testing showed, the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the TEVO strain were higher than those against the TO strain in the adhesion and formation stages of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the biofilms of the 3 strains of Trichosporon asahii were all over 1 024 mg/L in the maturation stage of the biofilm. Conclusion:Under the dual pressure of host environment and antifungal drugs, adaptive changes took place in the phenotypes of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm with an increase in the resistance to azole antifungal drugs.

Objective To investigate the effects of galectin-2, galectin-4, galectin-7, galectin-8, and galectin-9 on the apoptosis in HIV-1-infected macrophages and to provide the theoretical and application basis for elimination of HIV-1-infected cellular reservoirs. Methods Firstly, apoptosis of human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells was induced by different concentrations of galectins to determine the suitable concentration of different galetcins. Secondly, monocytes (THP-1) were stimulated to differentiate into macrophages (THP-1-Mφ) with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and then macrophages were prepared and infected with HIV-1. Finally, HIV-1-infected and uninfected macrophages were respectively treated with the suitable concentrations of galectin-2, galectin-4, galectin-7, galectin-8, galectin-9 and then the apoptosis in these macrophages was detected. Results The cell death rate of macrophages without treatment was 4. 39 ± 0. 74% . The cell death rates of macrophages induced by 5 μmol/L galectin-2, 5 μmol/L galectin-4, 7. 5 μmol/L galectin-7, 3 μmol/L galectin-8 and 1 μmol/L galectin-9 were 4. 78 ± 0. 41% , 7. 21 ± 1. 46% , 3. 78 ± 1. 03% , 5. 88 ± 2. 08% , 8. 10 ± 4. 13% , respectively, with no statistically significant defferences among the groups (P＞ 0. 05). The cell death rate of HIV-1-infected macrophages without treatment was 12. 69 ± 1. 16% , and that of HIV-1-infected macrophages induced by 5 μmol/L galectin-2, 5 μmol/L galectin-4, 7. 5 μmol/L galectin-7, 3 μmol/L galectin-8 and 1 μmol/L galectin-9 were 11. 69 ± 0. 90% , 17. 45 ± 1. 30% , 32. 01 ± 1. 30% , 15. 77 ± 1. 21% and 19. 27 ± 2. 13% , respectively. There were significant differences between the control group and galectin-7-treated group (P ＜ 0. 001 ). Conclusions Galectin-7-induces extensive apoptosis in HIV-1-infected macrophages but not in uninfected macrophages.