Objective:To evaluate the application value of amplicon sequencing in identification of drug-contami-nating microbes in Chinese patent drugs.Methods:Both culturing method and Amplicon Sequencing technology were used to identify bacteria and fungi in 16 batches of Chinese patent drugs.The microbial colonies isolated by culturing medium were identified by 16srDNA/ITS sequencing and MALID-TOF-MS.The amplicon sequencing reads were clustered to OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units)by 97％similarity and BLAST in NCBI to get species taxonomy.Alpha and beta diversity index were used to analyze the microbial community composition in and between batches of drugs.Results:Fifteen species of bacteria and 3 species of fungi were isolated by culturing method,while 75 species of bacteria and 78 species of fungi were identified by amplicon sequencing.Between pre-cultured and non-cultured drug groups,the α diversity index and abundance of most dominant microbial genus were not changed significantly(P＞0.05).Beta diversity analysis showed that microbial diversity between different drugs are more than the same drugs between different pre-treated groups.Conclusion:This study revealed that amplicon sequencing method can provide more comprehensive information on the microbial community composition than tradi-tional culture method.It contributes great value to quick inspection and monitor for microbial contamination in chines patent drugs.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of amplicon sequencing in identification of drug-contami-nating microbes in Chinese patent drugs.Methods:Both culturing method and Amplicon Sequencing technology were used to identify bacteria and fungi in 16 batches of Chinese patent drugs.The microbial colonies isolated by culturing medium were identified by 16srDNA/ITS sequencing and MALID-TOF-MS.The amplicon sequencing reads were clustered to OTU(Operational Taxonomic Units)by 97％similarity and BLAST in NCBI to get species taxonomy.Alpha and beta diversity index were used to analyze the microbial community composition in and between batches of drugs.Results:Fifteen species of bacteria and 3 species of fungi were isolated by culturing method,while 75 species of bacteria and 78 species of fungi were identified by amplicon sequencing.Between pre-cultured and non-cultured drug groups,the α diversity index and abundance of most dominant microbial genus were not changed significantly(P＞0.05).Beta diversity analysis showed that microbial diversity between different drugs are more than the same drugs between different pre-treated groups.Conclusion:This study revealed that amplicon sequencing method can provide more comprehensive information on the microbial community composition than tradi-tional culture method.It contributes great value to quick inspection and monitor for microbial contamination in chines patent drugs.

Objective:To understand the status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection among blood donors in Beijing from 1994 to 2021, analyze the prevalence characteristics and influencing factors of HIV infection among blood donors, and provide reference for blood donor management and blood safety assurance.Methods:Using descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the situation of HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) combined with nucleic acid detection (NAT), third-party confirmatory laboratory test western blot (WB) result and basic demographic information of infected patients among blood donors.Results:From 1994 to 2021, a total of 6 450 244 person-times participated in blood donation, of which 7 622 were reactive in the primary screening, and 1 553 were positive after the HIV confirmation test, average detection rate is (2.14 per 10 000), the vary of detection rates were statistically significant from year to year( χ2=899.690, P<0.01), with the highest detection rate in 2015 (5.93 per 10 000) and the lowest in 1994 (0). From 2011 to 2021, 3 802 primary screening reactive specimens detected by ELISA combined with NAT were confirmed by WB test, of which 1 191 were positive in the confirmatory test, all of which were ELISA seropositive, of which 682 were NAT (+ ). The gender distribution of the infected population is mainly male (95.30%); the age distribution is mainly 18-30 years old (62.40%); in terms of occupation, the detection rate of infected people is higher among employees, workers and others (including unknown), accounting for 83.26% of the total number of infected persons. The ABO blood group system was dominated by A, B and O (89.7%) and the Rh blood group system was dominated by Rh-positive (99.25%); the detection rate of infection was higher among first-time donors than repeat donors ( χ2=39.587, P<0.01). Conclusions:From 1994 to 2021, the annual number of HIV-infected blood donors in Beijing was greatly affected by the external environment. Although the current screening strategy can reasonably shield HIV-infected people, the detection rate of HIV-infected people in this area is relatively high. In view of the different characteristics of HIV-infected people, follow-up treatment plans should be made to ensure blood safety.

Objective: To explore the relationships between sleep behaviors, chronotype and emotional symptoms including depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. Methods: Freshmen and sophomore from one university in Anhui Province were recruited through cluster sampling method. The baseline survey was conducted in November 2020, and the follow up survey was conducted 2 months later. The Morning and Evening Questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5) was used to assess chronotype. The Insomnia severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) were used to evaluate sleep behaviors. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The detection rate of depression and anxiety among college students with different demographic characteristics, different sleep chronotypes and sleep behavior were compared, and the association between sleep behavior, chronotypes and depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed. Results: The detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were higher in the college students with daytime sleepiness and insomnia( χ 2=12.39，22.68；40.14，29.46， P <0.01). Logistic regression results showed that at the baseline daytime sleepiness and insomnia were positively associated with depression ( OR =3.03, 5.23) and anxiety symptoms ( OR =3.74, 4.24), respectively ( P ＜0.05), however, no association was found between chronotype and symptoms of depression and anxiety ( P ＞0.05). Follow up survey results were consistent with baseline. Conclusion Daytime sleepiness and insomnia are risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. It is suggested that keeping healthy sleep behaviors play an important role in mental health promotion among college students in the future.