Low fertility rate has become a basic demographic factor that needs to be considered in Chinese economic and social development. Reproductive health does not exist in isolation, but is influenced by people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing. Under the low fertility rate, people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing have undergone profound and complex changes, which will inevitably lead to new problems in the field of reproductive health. From the perspective of demography, this study analyzed the changing characteristics of marriage and childbearing concepts and behaviors of the young generation, and analyzed a series of new challenges brought by these characteristics in the field of reproductive health. The prominent features are that married and unmarried people have more diversified and urgent needs for contraceptive services, and the situation of induced abortion is more severe. The rate of cesarean section increased, and the need for analgesia in childbirth became more intense; increased difficulty in preventing birth defects and increased risk of postpartum depression; the infertility rate is rising, and the need for assisted reproduction is increasing. In view of these new challenges, this paper proposed macro ideas for health policy formulation, health services and medical technology development of reproductive health in the current and future periods.

Low fertility rate has become a basic demographic factor that needs to be considered in Chinese economic and social development. Reproductive health does not exist in isolation, but is influenced by people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing. Under the low fertility rate, people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing have undergone profound and complex changes, which will inevitably lead to new problems in the field of reproductive health. From the perspective of demography, this study analyzed the changing characteristics of marriage and childbearing concepts and behaviors of the young generation, and analyzed a series of new challenges brought by these characteristics in the field of reproductive health. The prominent features are that married and unmarried people have more diversified and urgent needs for contraceptive services, and the situation of induced abortion is more severe. The rate of cesarean section increased, and the need for analgesia in childbirth became more intense; increased difficulty in preventing birth defects and increased risk of postpartum depression; the infertility rate is rising, and the need for assisted reproduction is increasing. In view of these new challenges, this paper proposed macro ideas for health policy formulation, health services and medical technology development of reproductive health in the current and future periods.