In recent years, with the exploration and development of machine learning algorithms in the medical scenario, their potential for application in clinical diagnosis and treatment has been gradually explored. Image-based machine learning algorithms have made a lot of progress in urological cancer-related research, and have been proven to have a positive effect on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of urological cancer. Despite the great impact of machine learning algorithms clinically, they are still in the exploratory stage, with many deficiencies and limitations.

Cartilage degeneration stands as the main pathological hallmark of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis(OA),characterized by the degradation of cartilage matrix,abnormal cell function,and disruption of structural integrity.This series of changes poses a severe threat to patients' quality of life.The significant impact of mechanical stimuli on cartilage health and function has long been widely acknowledged,and research on its underlying mechanisms has become relatively systematic and in-depth.However,the specific pathways in which mechanical stimuli affect cartilage,as well as the hidden laws and intrinsic mechanisms behind them,are still in the process of continuous exploration,gradual revelation,and ongoing refinement.This article reviews the research progress in the field of mechanical stimuli and articular cartilage in 2024,indicating that it demonstrated characteristics of greater diversity in research subjects,broader perspectives,and more innovative techniques,further expanding our understanding of the role of mechanical factors in cartilage degeneration.The mechanical regulation-based therapeutic strategies are also explored,such as exercise therapy,biomechanical correction,chemical drug therapy,acupotomy therapy,and tissue engineering,providing theoretical foundations and practical directions for the prevention and treatment of degenerative joint diseases.Future research should concentrate on the integration of multi-scale and multi-perspective mechanisms as well as clinical translation to promote the application of precision medicine in the field of cartilage degeneration.

Cartilage degeneration stands as the main pathological hallmark of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis(OA),characterized by the degradation of cartilage matrix,abnormal cell function,and disruption of structural integrity.This series of changes poses a severe threat to patients' quality of life.The significant impact of mechanical stimuli on cartilage health and function has long been widely acknowledged,and research on its underlying mechanisms has become relatively systematic and in-depth.However,the specific pathways in which mechanical stimuli affect cartilage,as well as the hidden laws and intrinsic mechanisms behind them,are still in the process of continuous exploration,gradual revelation,and ongoing refinement.This article reviews the research progress in the field of mechanical stimuli and articular cartilage in 2024,indicating that it demonstrated characteristics of greater diversity in research subjects,broader perspectives,and more innovative techniques,further expanding our understanding of the role of mechanical factors in cartilage degeneration.The mechanical regulation-based therapeutic strategies are also explored,such as exercise therapy,biomechanical correction,chemical drug therapy,acupotomy therapy,and tissue engineering,providing theoretical foundations and practical directions for the prevention and treatment of degenerative joint diseases.Future research should concentrate on the integration of multi-scale and multi-perspective mechanisms as well as clinical translation to promote the application of precision medicine in the field of cartilage degeneration.

In recent years, with the exploration and development of machine learning algorithms in the medical scenario, their potential for application in clinical diagnosis and treatment has been gradually explored. Image-based machine learning algorithms have made a lot of progress in urological cancer-related research, and have been proven to have a positive effect on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of urological cancer. Despite the great impact of machine learning algorithms clinically, they are still in the exploratory stage, with many deficiencies and limitations.

Orchitis is a common male genitourinary disorder that significantly impacts patients' life quality.Current treatment strategies have certain limitations and side effects.Ongoing therapeutic strategies focus on the interactions and regulatory networks among pathways and factors involved in the progression of orchitis.The targeted pharmacological agents include inflammatory pathways (p38MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system.However, these studies are currently at the animal research stage, and further clinical investigations are necessary to validate their efficacy and safety before clinical use.This article reviews the preclinical animal studies on new treatment methods of orchitis from the aspects of autoimmunity and exogenous microorganism induction, including ketotifen furmarate, aspirin, L-NAME, activin A, cortisol, melatonin, methane, long non-coding RNA MEG3, Abaloparatide, recombinant type Ⅰ interferon, and so on.

In recent years, the research on the core competence of disaster nursing in China has been relatively active in recent years, but has not yet formed a scale and perfect system. This paper introduces the related concepts of disaster nursing core competence, the development of International Council of Nurses (ICN) disaster nursing core competence framework, summarizes the disaster nursing core competence of different disaster characteristics and rescue groups in China, the evaluation tools of disaster nursing core competence, the cultivation of core competence, and the factors affecting the competence, and puts forward some thoughts and prospects for the construction of disaster nursing core competence in the future.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for the prevention and management of stress urinary incontinence in pregnant and postpartum patients, and provide a reference for the standardized management of clinical medical staff.Methods:All domestic and international evidences on the prevention and management of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum patients were systematically searched, including clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus and systematic reviews. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to March 20, 2022. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and quality evaluation, and extracted and summarized the included literature.Results:A total of 10 articles were included, including 1 clinical decision, 3 guidelines and 6 systematic reviews. A total of 29 pieces of best evidence were summarized from five aspects, including risk factors, risk assessment, intervention measures, education and training and follow-up.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for the prevention and management of stress urinary incontinence in pregnant and postpartum patients. Clinicians should refer to the best evidence and combine the patient's own condition to conduct standardized management of the disease.

Objective:To explore the development status, research hotspots and trends in this field in the past 20 years through the visual analysis of the related literature on stigma in China, so as to provide reference for the future related research in China.Methods:Literatures related to stigma published from January 1, 2000 to January 28, 2022 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 software was used for visual analysis.Results:A total of 1 086 papers were included, and the number of published papers on stigma research was on the rise. The author with the largest number of papers was Zhou Ying. At present, a core group of authors had been formed in the research field, and the authors mainly cooperated within the team, with less inter-institutional cooperation. Institutions that published more papers were concentrated in the affiliated hospitals of universities in Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing.Research hotspots focused on influencing factors, quality of life, social support and coping styles. Research fronts were self-efficacy, nursing and narrative nursing.Conclusions:In the past 20 years, the research on stigma has attracted widespread attention, and related literature has been emerging, but there is little cooperation between authors, and the geographical distribution of publishing institutions is uneven. In order to promote the development of stigma research in China, cross-author, cross-regional, and cross-institutional exchanges and cooperation should be strengthened in the future to improve the quality and level of stigma research in China.

Objective:To explore influence on physical development of children aged 18 months from HIV-positive mothers for prevention mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, and provide evidence for the improvement PMTCT program.Methods:This retrospective case control study was conducted in 554 HIV negative infants aged 18 months whose HIV positive mothers had received PMTCT services reported through PMTCT system database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 and 1 109 healthy infants born in 2017, whose mothers were healthy, in Lingshan, Luzhai, and Hengxian counties, ranking top three counties with high HIV infection prevalence, in Guangxi. PMTCT data and physical development data such as height, weight and head circumference of children aged 18 months were collected. The physical dysplasia in the infants was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of height, weight and head circumference below the normal range.Results:The number of HIV-positive mother and their infants in the case group were 667 and 554 respectively, and the PMTCT rates were 91.15 % (608/667) and 96.57 % (535/554) respectively. HIV positive rate, mortality rate and mother to child transmission rate of the infants aged 18 months were 1.44 % (8/554), 3.07 % (17/554) and 1.91 % (8/418) respectively, and the physical examination results of the infants aged 18 months showed that the physical dysplasia rate was 30.51 % (169/554). Among the 1 109 infants in the control group, the physical dysplasia rate was 9.83 % (109/1 109). The difference between the case group and the control group was significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The PMTCT rates of HIV positive mother and their children were more than 90.00 %, respectively. However, poor physical development rate of infants aged 18 months were more than 30.00 %. The possible influence of PMTCT on physical development of the infants aged 18 months of HIV positive mother’s needs to be further studied.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and relevant influencing factors of gynecological diseases of grassroot level female medical staffs. METHODS: A total of 2 308 female medical workers from county, town and village in hengxian County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as study subjects by cluster sampling method. The basic information, occupational history, reproductive health and fertility of these subjects were investigated by Reproducetive Health Survey Questionnaine of Female Workers. RESULTS: The total prevalence of gynecological diseases in female medical staffs was 21.6%. Among them, the prevalence of genital tract infections was 15.6%, and gynecological tumors was 6.0%. The top three gynecologic diseases were vaginitis(9.2%), uterine fibroids(4.3%) and cervicitis(3.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results indicated that the younger the patients, the higher the risk of reproductive tract infectious diseases(P<0.01), and the lower the risk of gynecological tumors(P<0.01). The risk of reproductive tract infectious diseases and gynecological tumors in married patients was higher than that in unmarried staffs(P<0.05). The higher the number of abortions, the higher the risk of reproductive tract infectious diseases and gynecological tumors(P<0.01). The risk of reproductive tract infectious diseases was higher and the risk of gynecological tumors was lower in female shift workers than that of non-shift workers(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Vaginitis, uterine fibroids and cervicitis are the main gynecological diseases in grassroot level female medical staffs. The incidence of gynecological diseases is related to age, history of marriage, childbirth and abortion, and work-shifts.