The function of seminal plasma includes as a transport medium for sperm and as a means of communication for males to convey information to female reproductive tissues. It is an important factor in stimulating the female reproductive tract to become fertile. When the female reproductive tract exposed to seminal plasma, it occurs a violent inflammatory response, and the function of multiple female reproductive organs is changed. Increased pathogen and debris removal in the cervix and uterus can be observed during mating. Seminal plasma can also influence the activity of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells, thus promote the receptivity of the uterus, and establish maternal tolerance to semi-allogeneic embryos through immune cell system, providing ideal conditions for effective implantation and pregnancy of embryos. For the treatment of infertility, assisted reproductive technology has been widely used. It is possible to use seminal plasma as an adjuvant therapy to promote endometrial receptivity and regulate maternal immune tolerance, thereby improving the potential of embryo implantation and continued development during assisted reproductive therapy cycle. In this paper, the composition of seminal plasma and its physiological effects on various parts of female reproductive tract are reviewed. Meanwhile, the current clinical application of seminal plasma is reviewed as well.

The function of seminal plasma includes as a transport medium for sperm and as a means of communication for males to convey information to female reproductive tissues. It is an important factor in stimulating the female reproductive tract to become fertile. When the female reproductive tract exposed to seminal plasma, it occurs a violent inflammatory response, and the function of multiple female reproductive organs is changed. Increased pathogen and debris removal in the cervix and uterus can be observed during mating. Seminal plasma can also influence the activity of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells, thus promote the receptivity of the uterus, and establish maternal tolerance to semi-allogeneic embryos through immune cell system, providing ideal conditions for effective implantation and pregnancy of embryos. For the treatment of infertility, assisted reproductive technology has been widely used. It is possible to use seminal plasma as an adjuvant therapy to promote endometrial receptivity and regulate maternal immune tolerance, thereby improving the potential of embryo implantation and continued development during assisted reproductive therapy cycle. In this paper, the composition of seminal plasma and its physiological effects on various parts of female reproductive tract are reviewed. Meanwhile, the current clinical application of seminal plasma is reviewed as well.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of micro-fertilizer containing rare earth of different types and concentrations on the growth，yield and quality of Angelica sinensis. MethodOn the basis of the single-factor randomized block design， the growth and index components of Angelica sinensis were determined with rare earth-containing nitrate and chloride micro-fertilizers of different concentrations as foliar fertilizers. ResultSpraying 0.8 g·mL^-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer could increase the economic yield of A. sinensis， with the fresh yield per mu （1 mu≈667 m²） reaching 855.4 kg and the dry yield per mu 350.7 kg，which increased by 15.16% and 28.70% respectively compared with that in the control group CK1. Spraying 1.2 g·mL^-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer could promote the growth and development of A. sinensis and significantly increase the content of index components， with the plant height reaching 93.05 cm，the stem diameter 15.60 mm，the root diameter 16.10 mm，the main root length 36.5 cm，and the number of leaves 11.25 pieces per plant， which increased by 32.76%，31.98%，41.98%，53.36%，and 45.16%， respectively， compared with those in the control group CK2. Besides， the content of ferulic acid，volatile oil，ligustilide， and extract was 0.96%，0.41%，0.30% and 48.76%，respectively，which increased by 12.94%，17.14%，11.11%， and 12.07%，respectively，compared with that in the control group CK2. ConclusionSpraying 0.8 g·mL^-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer and 1.2 g·mL^-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer can promote the growth and development of A. sinensis，improve the medicinal properties，and increase yield and quality. Rare earth-containing micro-fertilizers can be applied in the standardization of A. sinensis cultivation， which can change the production status of A. sinensis that depends on chemical fertilizers and single fertilization， and promote the green， organic and ecological cultivation of A. sinensis.

Objective:To investigate the regulation of phosphoatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosomes 10 (PTEN) in the polarity of endometrial lumen epithelial cells and their effects on embryo implantation.Methods:The differences in PTEN expression and localization between non-receptive endometrial epithelial cells (HEC-1A) and receptive endometrial epithelial cells (RL95-2) were compared by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. After the transfection of PTEN siRNA into HEC-1A cells, tight junction (TJ) related proteins, TJ structure, cell motility and adhesive capacity with choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) were detected respectively by Western blotting, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Transwell assay and adhesion assay. After dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol+progesterone were respectively added into HEC-1A in vitro, the PTEN protein expression were detected by Western blotting to study the effect of ovarian hormone on PTEN. Results:Compared with HEC-1A cells, the gene and protein expression levels of PTEN in RL95-2 cells were significantly reduced (both P=0.003), PTEN was mainly located in the nucleus of RL95-2 and cytoplasm of HEC-1A. Compared with the plasmid vector control group, the expression level of TJ related proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-4) in HEC-1A cells was significantly reduced ( P<0.001, P=0.038, P<0.001), the length of TJ between cells were reduced ( P=0.046), the ability of migration and invasion were enhanced (both P<0.001), and the adhesion rate to JAR cells was enhanced after knockdown of PTEN in HEC-1A ( P=0.016). Compared with the DMSO blank group, the expression level of PTEN protein in 17β-estradiol group, progesterone group and 17β-estradiol+progesterone group were significantly reduced (all P<0.001), the expression level of PTEN protein in 17β-estradiol+progesterone group was significantly lower than that in both 17β-estradiol group and progesterone group (both P=0.001), and there was no difference in the expression level of PTEN protein between progesterone group and 17β-estradiol group. Conclusion:There are differences in the expression of PTEN in endometrial cells with different receptivity states. 17β-estradiol and progesterone may regulate the TJ structure and cell polarity of endometrial epithelial cells by inhibiting the expression of PTEN in endometrial luminal epithelium, thereby enhancing the endometrial receptivity.

Objective:To investigate the regulation of phosphoatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosomes 10 (PTEN) in the polarity of endometrial lumen epithelial cells and their effects on embryo implantation.Methods:The differences in PTEN expression and localization between non-receptive endometrial epithelial cells (HEC-1A) and receptive endometrial epithelial cells (RL95-2) were compared by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. After the transfection of PTEN siRNA into HEC-1A cells, tight junction (TJ) related proteins, TJ structure, cell motility and adhesive capacity with choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) were detected respectively by Western blotting, transmission electron microscope (TEM), Transwell assay and adhesion assay. After dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol+progesterone were respectively added into HEC-1A in vitro, the PTEN protein expression were detected by Western blotting to study the effect of ovarian hormone on PTEN. Results:Compared with HEC-1A cells, the gene and protein expression levels of PTEN in RL95-2 cells were significantly reduced (both P=0.003), PTEN was mainly located in the nucleus of RL95-2 and cytoplasm of HEC-1A. Compared with the plasmid vector control group, the expression level of TJ related proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-4) in HEC-1A cells was significantly reduced ( P<0.001, P=0.038, P<0.001), the length of TJ between cells were reduced ( P=0.046), the ability of migration and invasion were enhanced (both P<0.001), and the adhesion rate to JAR cells was enhanced after knockdown of PTEN in HEC-1A ( P=0.016). Compared with the DMSO blank group, the expression level of PTEN protein in 17β-estradiol group, progesterone group and 17β-estradiol+progesterone group were significantly reduced (all P<0.001), the expression level of PTEN protein in 17β-estradiol+progesterone group was significantly lower than that in both 17β-estradiol group and progesterone group (both P=0.001), and there was no difference in the expression level of PTEN protein between progesterone group and 17β-estradiol group. Conclusion:There are differences in the expression of PTEN in endometrial cells with different receptivity states. 17β-estradiol and progesterone may regulate the TJ structure and cell polarity of endometrial epithelial cells by inhibiting the expression of PTEN in endometrial luminal epithelium, thereby enhancing the endometrial receptivity.

Objective To investigate the association factors affecting the course of IVF/ICSI-ET. Methods The clinical data of 348 cycles of IVF/ICSI-ET in patients with different causes of infertility were analyzed retrospectively. Results Ovarian reserve and response to stimulation declined with aging. The ability of bFSH predicting ovarian response was low. E 2 peak concentration, number of big follicle and retrieved oocytes decreased significantly when bFSH concentration evelated. The number of big follicle and retrieved oocytes obviously increased with the E 2 peak concentration increasing. The number of antral follicle and volume of ovary were positive relation with ovarian response. None of the factors above could predict the outcome of IVF indenpedently. Conclusion Age was strongly associated with ovarian reserve and response. The bFSH level was one of the indices reflecting ovarian reserve, and had the limited capability for predicting ovarian response and IVF outcome.E 2 peak concentration could not predict the IVF consequence. The number of total antral follicle and volume of ovary were the most direct index reflecting ovarian response. The conditions of patients should comprehensively be evaluated to raise the pregnant rate of IVF.

Objective:To study the relationship between luteinizing hormone(LH) ?-subunit gene Gly102Ser polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome and premature ovarian failure. Methods: The LH? gene Gly102Ser polymorphism was analyzed in polycystic ovary syndrome(70 cases),premature ovarian failure(34 cases) and normal group(90 cases) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Results: The LH? gene allelic frequencies of A,G were 0.100, 0.900;0.079,0.921;0.017,0.983 in PCOS,POF and control groups, respectively. The A allele frequencies of LH? gene in PCOS and POF were higher than those in control groups(? 2=10.872,4.413,P0.05). Conclusion: The LH? gene Gly102Ser polymorphism exists in both PCOS and POF people,which is associated with PCOS but not related to POF,and might be a risk factor for PCOS.