To investigate the expression and clinical significance of GATA-3 and H3K27me3 in Tibetan patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC).

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of meningiomas in the Tibetan population in Tibet,and improve the understanding of meningiomas. Methods The clinical and pathological data of all the meningiomas diagnosed by pathology in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from April 2013 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively.All the cases underwent immunohistochemical staining of trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3),mucin 4 (MUC4),somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2),progesterone receptor,epithelial membrane antigen,glial fibrillary acidic protein,vimentin,S-100,P53,and Ki-67.The histopathological features and the staining results were observed under a light microscope. Results A total of 116 cases of meningiomas were included in this study,with the male-to-female ratio of 1.0∶2.6 and the age of 4-73 years.The main clinical symptom was headache.The imaging examination showed that 114 cases had single lesions and 2 cases had multiple lesions.The tumors were located in the cranium (108 cases) and spinal canal (8 cases).The maximum diameter of the tumors ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm,with a mean of (5.7±2.2) cm.In terms of microscopic grading and histological types,the 116 cases included 111 cases of WHO grade Ⅰ (including 53 cases of fibrous type,20 cases of meningothelial type,24 cases of transitional type,10 cases of psammomatous type,etc.),4 cases of WHO grade Ⅱ (3 cases of atypical type and 1 case of clear cell type),and 1 case of WHO grade Ⅲ (papillary type).The immunohistochemical staining showed H3K27me3 expression absent in 9 cases (9/116,7.8%),MUC4 positive in 64 cases (64/116,55.2%),SSTR2 positive in 101 cases (101/116,87.1%).Eighty cases had follow-up results,among which 71 cases had no recurrence,while 9 cases recurred. Conclusions Meningioma is the most common tumor in the central nervous system in the pathological file of Tibet.It mainly attacks the middle-aged female patients,occupying the parasagittal sinus,falx,and convex surface of the brain.Fibrous meningioma of WHO grade Ⅰ is common,while the meningiomas of WHO grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ are rare.The expression degree of MUC4 is higher in meningothelial and transitional meningiomas but lower in fibrous meningiomas.There may be no correlation between the absence of H3K27me3 expression and prognosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Histones ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Meningioma/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the mortality and main causes of death of residents in Shannan City. Methods Death data in Shannan City in 2018 were collected. The data was encoded and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The 2010 standard population was used to standardize the mortality rate. Results In 2018, the mortality rate of residents in Shannan City was 359.53/100 000, and the standardized mortality rate was 421.446/100 000. The top 5 causes of death were cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, malignant tumor, respiratory disease and digestive system disease, accounting for 74.91% of the total deaths. Tuberculosis and hepatitis B were the main lethal infectious diseases, accounting for 90% of their total deaths. Conclusion Chronic non-communicable diseases were the main causes of death in Shannan City. Tuberculosis and hepatitis B among all infectious diseases are the focus of prevention. Targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of disease and death.

A 48-year-old female patient took oral compound paracetamol tablets(II) 3 tablets for pain due to cold.She developed skin rash on her trunk accompanied by pruritus after 4 hours.Four days later, swelling, ulceration, and fever appeared on her whole body skin.The next day, she developed large area of the oral mucosal erosion, scattered erythema and flaccid blisters on her face, body, arms and legs, and partial exfoliation.The result of examination of Nikolsky's sign was positive.Laboratory test showed the following values: white blood cell 8.1×109/L, neutrophils 0.76, platelet count 45×109/L, red blood cell 6.51×1012/L, alanine aminotransferase 161 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 155 U/L, total protein 45 g/L, albumin 28 g/L, and globulin 17 g/L.The patient was diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa, thrombocytopenia, and drug-induced liver injury.She was treated with oral loratadine 10 mg once daily, IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate 20 ml, and dexamethasone 15 mg once daily.On day 5, the skin lesions relieved and dexamethasone was reduced to 10 mg once daily.An IV infusion of ceftazidime 2.0 g twice daily was given.On day 8, the oral mucosa erosion disappeared and skin rashes gradually subsided, the temperature declined to normal.The result of reexamination showed platelet count 225×109/L, alanine aminotransferase 92 U/L, aspartate aminotrans-ferase 45 U/L.

A 48-year-old female patient took oral compound paracetamol tablets(II) 3 tablets for pain due to cold.She developed skin rash on her trunk accompanied by pruritus after 4 hours.Four days later, swelling, ulceration, and fever appeared on her whole body skin.The next day, she developed large area of the oral mucosal erosion, scattered erythema and flaccid blisters on her face, body, arms and legs, and partial exfoliation.The result of examination of Nikolsky's sign was positive.Laboratory test showed the following values: white blood cell 8.1×109/L, neutrophils 0.76, platelet count 45×109/L, red blood cell 6.51×1012/L, alanine aminotransferase 161 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 155 U/L, total protein 45 g/L, albumin 28 g/L, and globulin 17 g/L.The patient was diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa, thrombocytopenia, and drug-induced liver injury.She was treated with oral loratadine 10 mg once daily, IV infusion of 10% calcium gluconate 20 ml, and dexamethasone 15 mg once daily.On day 5, the skin lesions relieved and dexamethasone was reduced to 10 mg once daily.An IV infusion of ceftazidime 2.0 g twice daily was given.On day 8, the oral mucosa erosion disappeared and skin rashes gradually subsided, the temperature declined to normal.The result of reexamination showed platelet count 225×109/L, alanine aminotransferase 92 U/L, aspartate aminotrans-ferase 45 U/L.