The prevalence of neurological diseases is increasing, and conventional clinical treatments frequently exhibit suboptimal efficacy and substantial adverse effects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has garnered significant interest due to its non-invasiveness and favorable tolerability. In this review, the etiology of neurological disorders was described, including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and neuropathic pain. The application methods and therapeutic effects of TMS in these diseases were reviewed as well. While TMS demonstrates considerable promise in the treatment of neurological disorders, further large-scale studies and additional research on its mechanisms and personalized treatment protocols are necessary.