This report presents two cases of penicillium marneffei infection occurring after kidney transplantation. Both recipients presented initially with gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed early by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). Treatment included amphotericin B combined with voriconazole, adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy, and nutritional support, resulting in favorable outcomes. This study aims to characterize the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and individualized treatment strategies for penicillium marneffei infection in kidney transplant recipients, providing valuable insights for clinical management.

Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease.However,post transplantation diabetes mellitus(PTDM)is a common complication after kidney transplantation,affecting 10%to 40%of recipients and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease,infections,sepsis and other conditions.The pathogenesis of PTDM is complex,including pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.Tacrolimus,a commonly used immunosuppressive drug,is an independent risk factor for PTDM.Its mechanisms include damaging pancreatic β-cells,mediating impaired mitochondrial autophagy,etc.In addition,tacrolimus also raises blood glucose levels through various pathways,such as affecting gut microbiota metabolism and activating bile acid signaling pathways.In recent years,some new anti-diabetic drugs have shown certain application prospects in kidney transplant recipients,but the evidence-based medical evidence for their combined use still needs further exploration.In the future,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the multiple sites of action of tacrolimus to reduce the occurrence of PTDM and improve the prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.

Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease.However,post transplantation diabetes mellitus(PTDM)is a common complication after kidney transplantation,affecting 10%to 40%of recipients and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease,infections,sepsis and other conditions.The pathogenesis of PTDM is complex,including pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.Tacrolimus,a commonly used immunosuppressive drug,is an independent risk factor for PTDM.Its mechanisms include damaging pancreatic β-cells,mediating impaired mitochondrial autophagy,etc.In addition,tacrolimus also raises blood glucose levels through various pathways,such as affecting gut microbiota metabolism and activating bile acid signaling pathways.In recent years,some new anti-diabetic drugs have shown certain application prospects in kidney transplant recipients,but the evidence-based medical evidence for their combined use still needs further exploration.In the future,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the multiple sites of action of tacrolimus to reduce the occurrence of PTDM and improve the prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.

This report presents two cases of penicillium marneffei infection occurring after kidney transplantation. Both recipients presented initially with gastrointestinal symptoms and were diagnosed early by metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). Treatment included amphotericin B combined with voriconazole, adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy, and nutritional support, resulting in favorable outcomes. This study aims to characterize the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and individualized treatment strategies for penicillium marneffei infection in kidney transplant recipients, providing valuable insights for clinical management.

CD47 is a transmembrane protein widely expressed on cell surface, which is considered as a key molecule for immune escape. With an increasing number of related studies, the role of CD47 and its ligands in immunomodulatory effects has been gradually understood. Recent studies have investigated the role of CD47 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of allogenetic kidney transplantation, rejection and xenotransplantation. Nevertheless, the specific role and the key mechanism remain elusive. In this article, the structure and function of CD47, common CD47 ligands, the relationship between CD47 and kidney transplantation, and the application of CD47 in kidney transplantation were reviewed, the latest research progress of CD47 in kidney transplantation was summarized, and the limitations of current research and subsequent research direction were analyzed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent application of CD47 in allogeneic and kidney xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation is an efficient pathway to solve the problem of transplant organ source deficiency in clinical settings. With the increasing progress of gene editing technique and immune suppression regimen, important development has been achieved on researches regarding pig to non-human primate kidney xenotransplantation, which provides a good condition for the introduction of the technique in the clinical application. In view of the substantial difference between human and non-human primate, and to meet the needs of current ethic requirements, it is necessary to perform subclinical studies for pig to human kidney xenotransplantation. In recent years, such subclinical studies with regard to the genetically modified pig to brain death recipient kidney xenotransplantation had been performed, indicating that kidney xenotransplantation gradually began to transit to the clinical development stage. However, donor/recipient selection and immune suppression regimen has not reached a consensus yet, and has to be clarified in subclinical studies. In this article, the current status and confronted problems of donor/recipient selection, immune suppression regimen and post transplantation management in the subclinical studies of kidney xenotransplantation were reviewed, aiming to promote the clinical transformation of kidney xenotransplantation to the clinical application.

A lack of the complete pig proteome has left a gap in our knowledge of the pig genome and has restricted the feasibility of using pigs as a biomedical model.In this study,we developed a tissue-based proteome map using 34 major normal pig tissues.A total of 5841 unknown protein iso-forms were identified and systematically characterized,including 2225 novel protein isoforms,669 protein isoforms from 460 genes symbolized beginning with LOC,and 2947 protein isoforms with-out clear NCBI annotation in the current pig reference genome.These newly identified protein iso-forms were functionally annotated through profiling the pig transcriptome with high-throughput RNA sequencing of the same pig tissues,further improving the genome annotation of the corre-sponding protein-coding genes.Combining the well-annotated genes that have parallel expression pattern and subcellular witness,we predicted the tissue-related subcellular locations and potential functions for these unknown proteins.Finally,we mined 3081 orthologous genes for 52.7％of unknown protein isoforms across multiple species,referring to 68 KEGG pathways as well as 23 disease signaling pathways.These findings provide valuable insights and a rich resource for enhancing studies of pig genomics and biology,as well as biomedical model application to human medicine.

Objective To analyze the specific IgE test results and the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic diseases in Shenzhen area .Methods Western blot was used to detect inhaled and food specific IgE in 2154 patients with allergic diseases ,and the types and distribution of allergens were analyzed .Results The total positive rate of allergen specific IgE was 48 .88％ .More than 20％ of the patients were allergic to more than two allergens .The most common allergies were dust mites ,freshwater fish and sea fish .The posi-tive rate of IgE in male allergens was higher than that in females ,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant (P<0 .05) .The positive rate of allergen specific IgE in different age groups was statistically significant (P<0 .001) .The positive rate of dust mites increased year by year before the age of 18 ,and then decreased year after year .The positive rate of chicken protein and milk showed a significant downward trend after 7 years old .The positive rate of allergen IgE in patients with different diseases was statistically significant (P<0 .001) .The positive rate of dust mite combination in rhinitis patients was the highest ,49 .94％ .Conclu-sion The main allergen of allergic diseases in Shenzhen area is dust mites combination ,freshwater fish com-bination and sea fish combination .The main food allergen of children is egg and milk .The main allergen of a-dult is dust mites combination and fish ,and the patients with rhinitis are high sensitized people of dust mites combination .

Objective To evaluate the application value of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization in the identification of Candida and the detection of Candida albicans drug-resistant genes.Methods The vaginal secretion samples from 285 patients with candidal vaginitis and 50 healthy women were collected.The identification of Candida species and their drug susceptibility were detected by the bioMérieux Yeast identification cards and MIC method(Zhengzhou Antu kit),respectively.The identification of Candida species and the mutation of Candida albicans,drug-resistant genes were also detected by the Shenzheng Yaneng test kit(PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization).The drug-resistant genes were also identified by PCR and nucleic acid sequencing.Based on the culture identification,MIC method and nucleic acid sequencing as the contrast methods,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization in the identification of Candida species and the mutation detection of Candida albicans drug-resistant genes were evaluated.Results Compared with the bioMérieux Yeast identification method,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and total coincidence rate of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization for detecting six kinds of Candida species,including Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,Candida parapsilosis,Candida krusei and Candida guilliermondii,were above 95％,96％,96％,98％ and 97％,respectively.There was no significant difference in detecting six kinds of Candida species between the two methods (x2 =0.44,0,0,0,0 and 0,respectively,P ＞ 0.05),and there was good consistency between them (Kappa ＞ 0.9).Compared with the MIC method,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and total coincidence rate of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization for detecting the drug resistance of Candida albicans were 98％,88％,98％,88％ and 96％,respectively.There was no significant difference in detecting the drug resistance of Candida albicans between the two methods (x2 =0.17,P ＞ 0.05),and there was good consistency between them (Kappa ＞ 0.8).The results of PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization in detecting the mutation sites of six kinds of Candida albicans drug-resistant genes were 100％ of coincidence with that of the nucleic acid sequencing method.Conclusion The PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization has high consistency with the culture method and the nucleic acid sequencing method in the identification of Candida species and the mutation detection of Candida albicans drug-resistant genes,which is more early and rapid than the traditional detection methods,and may be applied to the auxiliary diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Objective To investigate the effect of menthol compound decoction on the growth and acid metabolism of cariogenic bacteria and to find out the anticariogenic mechanism of Menthol compound decoction .Methods Streptococcus mutans ,Streptococ‐cus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were chosen as the experimental bacteria .Firstly ,slip diffusion method was used to ex‐amine the inhibitory effect of menthol compound decoction on cariogenic bacteria .Secondly ,observing the effect of menthol com‐pound decoction of different concentration on acid metabolism .Results Menthol compound decoction could inhibit the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis .And it also inhibited the acid production of cariogenic bacteria ,but the con‐centration of menthol compound decoction were different .Conclusion Menthol compound decoction may have an inhibitory effect on the growth and acid metabolism of cariogenic bacteria .