Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy, impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation. The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial, involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system, instrument-related factors, and instrumentation techniques. Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal, posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes. Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible, it carries risks including perforation, excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures. Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors, meticulous preoperative assessment, and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty. The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes. The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes, risk factors, and clinical management principles of instrument separation. By integrating effective strategies, endodontists can enhance decision-making, improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
Humans ; Root Canal Therapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Root Canal Preparation/adverse effects*

AIM To explore the effects of Hofmeister series ions on encapsulation efficiencies of cinnamaldehyde,paeonol,and ligustilide in inclusion complex of volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction.METHODS The volatile oils were extracted,after which the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared,the thermal stability was evaluated,and encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants of various volatile components in Na2SO4,NaH2PO4,NaCl,NaI,NaSCN solutions were determined.RESULTS The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex demonstrated good thermal stability within 10 d.After the addtion of Hofmeister series ions,various volatile components displayed increased encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants,and concentration-dependent manner was observable in the latter.CONCLUSION Hofmeister series ions can affect the binding affinities of volatile components and β-cyclodextrin in volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction,thus regulate their encapsulation efficiencies.

ObjectivePhotoacoustic pump-probe imaging can effectively eliminate the interference of blood background signal in traditional photoacoustic imaging, and realize the imaging of weak phosphorescence molecules and their triplet lifetimes in deep tissues. However, background differential noise in photoacoustic pump-probe imaging often leads to large fitting results of phosphorescent molecule concentration and triplet lifetime. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel triplet lifetime fitting method for photoacoustic pump-probe imaging. By extracting the phase of the triplet differential signal and the background noise, the fitting bias caused by the background noise can be effectively corrected. MethodsThe advantages and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are verified by numerical simulation, phantom and in vivo experiments, respectively. ResultsIn the numerical simulation, under the condition of noise intensity being 10% of the signal amplitude, the new method can optimize the fitting deviation from 48.5% to about 5%, and has a higher exclusion coefficient (0.88>0.79), which greatly improves the fitting accuracy. The high specificity imaging ability of photoacoustic pump imaging for phosphorescent molecules has been demonstrated by phantom experiments. In vivo experiments have verified the feasibility of the new fitting method proposed in this paper for fitting phosphoometric lifetime to monitor oxygen partial pressure content during photodynamic therapy of tumors in nude mice. ConclusionThis work will play an important role in promoting the application of photoacoustic pump-probe imaging in biomedicine.

AIM To explore the effects of Hofmeister series ions on encapsulation efficiencies of cinnamaldehyde,paeonol,and ligustilide in inclusion complex of volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction.METHODS The volatile oils were extracted,after which the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared,the thermal stability was evaluated,and encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants of various volatile components in Na2SO4,NaH2PO4,NaCl,NaI,NaSCN solutions were determined.RESULTS The β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex demonstrated good thermal stability within 10 d.After the addtion of Hofmeister series ions,various volatile components displayed increased encapsulation efficiencies and inclusion complex constants,and concentration-dependent manner was observable in the latter.CONCLUSION Hofmeister series ions can affect the binding affinities of volatile components and β-cyclodextrin in volatile oils from Wenjing Decoction,thus regulate their encapsulation efficiencies.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk of hypotension induced by sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which hypotension were evaluated as an outcome indicator of adverse events, were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to February 15, 2023). Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Stata 15.1 software was used to conduct Bayesian network meta-analysis, including drawing the network evidence plot, the league map of pairwise comparison, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for hypotension risk under different interventions of SGLT2 inhibitors, and ranking the risks of hypotension induced by different interventions of SGLT2 inhibitors. The effect sizes were expressed by relative risk ( RR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:A total of 20 studies were included in the analysis, involving 22 525 patients with 15 260 in the trial group and 7 265 in the control group. Drugs that used in the trial group included dapagliflozin (in 1 517 patients), canagliflozin (in 6 053 patients), and ertugliflozin (in 7 690 patients); drugs that used in the control group included glimepiride (in 482 patients) and placebo (in 6 783 patients). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the risk of hypotension was higher after treatment with 300 mg of canagliflozin, compared with those with 5 mg and 15 mg of ertugliflozin, and placebo ( RR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.31-3.47; RR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.35-3.61; RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.62-3.82; all P<0.05); the risk of hypotension was higher after treatment with 100 mg of canagliflozin, compared with placebo ( RR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.04-2.50, P<0.05); the differences in comparison between any other 2 interventions with SGLT2 inhibitors were not statistically significant. According to the relative risks for hypotension of different interventions with SGLT2 inhibitors in the results of SUCRA, interventions were ranked as ertugliflozin 5 mg, placebo, dapagliflozin 2.5 mg, ertugliflozin 10 mg, ertugliflozin 15 mg, canagliflozin 50 mg, canagliflozin 100 mg, dapagliflozin 5 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg, canagliflozin 150 mg, and canagliflozin 300 mg. Conclusions:Different treatment regimens with SGLT2 inhibitors had different risks of hypotension in patients with type 2 diabetes. The risk of hypotension caused by ertugliflozin is lower, especially at the dose of 5 mg. The risk of hypotension caused by canagliflozin is higher, especially at relatively high doses.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk of hypotension induced by sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which hypotension were evaluated as an outcome indicator of adverse events, were collected by searching relevant databases at home and abroad (up to February 15, 2023). Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Stata 15.1 software was used to conduct Bayesian network meta-analysis, including drawing the network evidence plot, the league map of pairwise comparison, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for hypotension risk under different interventions of SGLT2 inhibitors, and ranking the risks of hypotension induced by different interventions of SGLT2 inhibitors. The effect sizes were expressed by relative risk ( RR) and its 95% confidence interval ( CI). Results:A total of 20 studies were included in the analysis, involving 22 525 patients with 15 260 in the trial group and 7 265 in the control group. Drugs that used in the trial group included dapagliflozin (in 1 517 patients), canagliflozin (in 6 053 patients), and ertugliflozin (in 7 690 patients); drugs that used in the control group included glimepiride (in 482 patients) and placebo (in 6 783 patients). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the risk of hypotension was higher after treatment with 300 mg of canagliflozin, compared with those with 5 mg and 15 mg of ertugliflozin, and placebo ( RR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.31-3.47; RR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.35-3.61; RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.62-3.82; all P<0.05); the risk of hypotension was higher after treatment with 100 mg of canagliflozin, compared with placebo ( RR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.04-2.50, P<0.05); the differences in comparison between any other 2 interventions with SGLT2 inhibitors were not statistically significant. According to the relative risks for hypotension of different interventions with SGLT2 inhibitors in the results of SUCRA, interventions were ranked as ertugliflozin 5 mg, placebo, dapagliflozin 2.5 mg, ertugliflozin 10 mg, ertugliflozin 15 mg, canagliflozin 50 mg, canagliflozin 100 mg, dapagliflozin 5 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg, canagliflozin 150 mg, and canagliflozin 300 mg. Conclusions:Different treatment regimens with SGLT2 inhibitors had different risks of hypotension in patients with type 2 diabetes. The risk of hypotension caused by ertugliflozin is lower, especially at the dose of 5 mg. The risk of hypotension caused by canagliflozin is higher, especially at relatively high doses.

Humans ; Clavicle ; Fractures, Bone/surgery*

This study collected epidemic data of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou from January 1 to January 20 in 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of the local epidemic in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were analyzed through epidemiological survey and big data analysis, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Delta variant. In detail, a total of 276 close contacts and 599 secondary close contacts were found in this study. The attack rate of close contacts and secondary close contacts was 5.43% (15/276) and 0.17% (1/599), respectively. There were 10 confirmed cases associated with the chain of transmission. Among them, the attack rates in close contacts of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth generation cases were 20.00% (5/25), 17.86% (5/28), 0.72% (1/139) and 14.81% (4/27), 0 (0/57), respectively. The attack rates in close contacts after sharing rooms/beds, having meals, having neighbor contacts, sharing vehicles with the patients, having same space contacts, and having work contacts were 26.67%, 9.10%, 8.33%, 4.55%, 1.43%, and 0 respectively. Collectively, the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone has an obvious family cluster. Prevention and control work should focus on decreasing family clusters of cases and community transmission.
Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Epidemics ; Incidence

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5b(Wnt5b) gene overexpression mediated by recombinant adenovirus on the differentiation of mouse embryonic liver stem cells and repair of chronic liver injury in mice. Methods Recombinant adenoviruses expressing Wnt5b and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were applied respectively to infect mouse fetal liver stem cells HP14-19, and induced its differentiation and verified the expression of Wnt5b through Real-time PCR and Western blotting. It also applied indocyanine grean(ICG) uptake experiment and periodic acid-schiff(PAS) staining to detect the differentiation ability of HP14-19 into hepatocyte-like cells. The Real-time PCR was chosen to detect hepatocyte markers albumin (Alb) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) expression. Forty-eight experimental male BALB/ c mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, stem cell treatment group and Wnt5b modified stem cell treatment group. The carbon tetrachloride(CCl

Objective: To analyze the literature published in Chinese Journal of Burns (now Chinese Journal of Burns and Wounds) in the last 22 years, and to explore the development trend of burn discipline. Methods: The relevant clinical and research literature published in Chinese Journal of Burns from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021 were retrieved through China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Bibliometrics was used to classify and analyze the literature by research types, involved research fields, and reported causes of injury, and compare them every 3 years according to the year of publication (with literature published in 2021 being included in the last time period). Keywords of all the literature were retrieved, which were corrected and conversed later. CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software was used to visually cluster the included keywords, count high-frequency and high-centrality keywords, and divide the high-frequency keywords by time as before for segment comparison. Results: A total of 4 485 relevant papers were included, with an average of about 204 papers each year. The research types analysis of literature showed that clinical diagnosis and treatment literature had the highest proportion, reaching 65.3% (2 929/4 485), followed by cell experiment and animal experiment literature, accounting for 18.1% (812/4 485) and 13.2% (591/4 485), respectively. The proportion of various research types of the literature in each time period was basically stable. The analysis of the research fields involved in the literature showed that the literature in the field of systemic treatment of burns accounted for the highest proportion, reaching 60.2% (2 699/4 485), followed by the literature in the fields of acute wounds and plastic surgery, accounting for 20.2% (908/4 485) and 7.3% (326/4 485), respectively. The proportion of the literature in the field of systemic treatment of burns decreased from 84.0% (430/512) in 2000-2002 to 40.3% (373/926) in 2018-2021, with a decreasing proportion of 43.7%. While compared with that in 2000-2002, the proportions of literature in the fields of acute wounds, plastic surgery, chronic wounds, and burn rehabilitation were on the rise, with the proportions in 2018-2021 increased by 11.7%, 9.1%, 10.7%, and 5.5%, respectively. In the first 6 time periods, the number of literature in the field of discipline management was few and remained in single digits, but it increased to 49 in 2018-2021. Among the 1 099 literature in the field of systemic treatment of burns with a clear cause of injury, the literature on thermal burns was the most, accounting for 58.5% (643/1 099), followed by the literature on electrical burns and chemical burns, accounting for 19.8% (218/1 099) and 12.6% (138/1 099), respectively. The comparison by time period showed that the proportion of literature reporting thermal burns showed a significant downward trend, while the proportion of literature reporting other causes of injury did not change significantly. A total of 6 822 keywords from 2 236 literature were included for analysis. Visual cluster analysis showed that relevant studies focused on burns, surgical flaps, scars, and wound healing. The top 3 keywords in frequency were burns, wound healing, and surgical flaps, and the top 3 keywords in centrality were burns, scars, and skin transplantation. The comparison by time period showed that the only keyword with a stable frequency in the top 10 ranks was burns; with the passage of time, some keywords such as endotoxin/endotoxins and fibroblasts gradually dropped out of the top 10 ranks, while keywords such as wounds and injuries, surgical flaps, and negative-pressure wound therapy gradually entered the top 10 ranks. Conclusions: Among the literature published in Chinese Journal of Burns during the last 22 years, the literature on systemic treatment of burns and thermal burns has gradually decreased, while the literature on chronic wounds and burn rehabilitation has increased. Surgical flaps, wound healing, and scar prevention and treatment are the current research hot spots in burn discipline.
Bibliometrics ; Burns, Chemical ; Burns, Electric/therapy* ; China ; Cicatrix ; Humans